190 lines
21 KiB
XML
190 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="42BDB6DD2C0CCD2FB06D7BFDB8EAFCF3" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Epomophorus grandis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="2BF3D73845C64977C79FA3F10B3787FD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="07FA2802A718503A667465824AD174B7">
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<mods:title id="174B05FE77A3C694E412B5B9DFF25632">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0D17A478B1320FD757A0A3A5DE772C5B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2259CDB262F5BBFF40C84BC682BAC2B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4EC121A23AC4878CE7693C6AC91E6794">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8BA3B13F4B0F786AAA8CFBFCEE98AEC9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B0560269584C8600C3BED112A8D9F171">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D2D54CA796A3B4CF13A7DB87FC91A16B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="EE7B68565A2F8AE03B476579D114E3DA" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="6697BB26D8535F9B20A72184A5DB9B02">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="EB5689E12D3B6AF0C5365B01D1328BF1">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="68AAFAB76E88CD6045D9A757DE937799">
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<mods:title id="514CE0ABE42E6AD1E00A1E82D9C8D5B5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="934A4182722F12A82575F08473837CBF">
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<mods:classification id="3EE7F952D690226D2F445261C55B623D">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8BD817AA078E979921F3887DF920B91C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB63515FA44FEAC" box="[1448,1505,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB63515FA44FEAC" blockId="42.[1446,2627,265,355]" box="[1448,1505,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFEEF6008CB63515FA44FEAC" box="[1448,1505,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFEEF6008CB63515FA44FEAC" box="[1448,1505,265,311]" captionStart="Plate 4: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" captionTargetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus azagnyi), 51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus woermanni), 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis), 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris torquata), 54. Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris brachycephala), 55. Sierra Leone Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris leptodon), 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris relicta), 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (Plerotes anchietae), 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), 59. Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops franqueti), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops buettikoferi), 61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Nanonycteris veldkampr), 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus gambianus), 63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus erypturus), 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus angolensis), 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus labiatus), 66. Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus minor), 67. Ansell’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus anselli), 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi), 69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus dobsonu), 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus grands), 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus pusillus), 72. Hayman’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus intermedius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">70.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CEC3515F7DDFEAC" box="[1522,2168,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CEC3515F7DDFEAC" blockId="42.[1446,2627,265,355]" box="[1522,2168,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFEEF6008CEC3515F7DDFEAC" box="[1522,2168,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFEEF6008CEC3515F7DDFEAC" ID-CoL="6G99Z" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1522,2168,265,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF60081B63515F5E6FEAC" box="[2216,2627,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF60081B63515F5E6FEAC" blockId="42.[1446,2627,265,355]" box="[2216,2627,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFEEF60081B63515F5E6FEAC" box="[2216,2627,265,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF60081B63515F5E6FEAC" ID-CoL="6G99Z" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[2216,2627,265,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF60081B63515F5E6FEAC" box="[2216,2627,265,311]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Epomophorus grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB93556F649FEC4" box="[1447,2540,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB93556F649FEC4" blockId="42.[1446,2627,265,355]" box="[1447,2540,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFEEF6008CB93556F649FEC4" box="[1447,2540,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB93556FA57FEC4" bold="true" box="[1447,1522,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFEEF6008CE23556F950FEC4" ID-CoL="6G99Z" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1532,1781,330,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Epomophore de Sanborn</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008E143556F8C0FEC4" bold="true" box="[1802,1893,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFEEF6008E703556F72FFEC4" ID-CoL="6G99Z" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1902,2186,330,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Sanborn-Epaulettenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF60081BE3556F75EFEC4" bold="true" box="[2208,2299,330,351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFEEF600801B3556F649FEC4" ID-CoL="6G99Z" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[2309,2540,330,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Epomdforo de Sanborn</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008115358FF7F0FE4F" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008115358FF7F0FE4F" blockId="42.[2059,2654,403,822]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008115358FF703FE37" bold="true" box="[2059,2214,403,428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF60081AB358FF7F5FE4F" authority="Sanborn, 1950" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Micropteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, 1950</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF600817E35A7F609FE4F" box="[2144,2476,443,468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF600817E35A7F609FE4F" blockId="42.[2059,2654,403,822]" box="[2144,2476,443,468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFEEF600817E35A7F609FE4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391303" box="[2144,2476,443,468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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Dundo, LLunda,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFEEF600805F35A7F60DFE4F" box="[2369,2472,443,468]" name="Angola" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Angola</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF600811235C2F64EFD03" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF600811235C2F64EFD03" blockId="42.[2059,2654,403,822]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF600811235C2F685FE60" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[2060,2336,478,507]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Epomophorus grandis</taxonomicName>
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is the only member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF600815C361DF706FDB9" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[2114,2211,513,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis</taxonomicName>
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species group. W. Bergmans in 1988 transferred it from Mucropteropus to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF60081123649F71CFDE9" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1836" box="[2060,2233,597,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Epomophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epomophorus</taxonomicName>
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. It is known from only three adults and one young. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF60081123683F66DFC94" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFEEF60081123683F66DFC94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803724/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" startId="42.[2060,2232,671,704]" targetBox="[1444,2038,409,823]" targetPageId="42">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF60081123683F66DFC94" blockId="42.[2059,2654,403,822]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF60081123683F718FD5B" bold="true" box="[2060,2237,671,704]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known from type locality in NE
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFEEF600818C36DAF752FD7C" box="[2194,2295,710,743]" name="Angola" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and Pointe Noire on the coast of the
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFEEF60081A636F2F666FC94" box="[2232,2499,750,783]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF60081133709F5F8FAA3" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF60081133709F5F8FAA3" blockId="42.[2059,2654,403,822]" lastBlockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF60081133709F6A1FCAD" bold="true" box="[2061,2308,789,822]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF60080A63709F5B2FCAD" box="[2488,2583,789,822]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
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(single male), tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008F68375EF963FCC4" box="[1654,1734,834,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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(single male) and
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008EC6375EF78DFCC4" box="[2008,2088,834,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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(single female), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF600804B375EF643FCC4" box="[2389,2534,834,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17-18 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008CF23776F9E9FC1C" box="[1516,1612,874,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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(single female), hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008ED03776F788FC1C" box="[1998,2093,874,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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||
(males) and 19-
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF60080003776F6D4FC1C" box="[2334,2417,874,903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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(single female), forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008F373791F965FC35" box="[1577,1728,909,942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="62.0">62-63 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFEEF6008E903791F856FC35" box="[1934,2035,909,942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="66.0">66 mm</quantity>
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(single female). Head is pale brown, and muzzle is rather long but short and broad for the genus. Eyes are large; ears are relatively short, slightly pointed, and naked, with brown pigmentation and anterior and posterior light ear patches. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale reddish brown; hairs are unicolored to slightly dark brown at bases; and pelage is dense. Venter is very light brown to whitish brown, pelage is sparser than on dorsum, and throat is nearly naked. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and attach to second toes. Rostrum is relatively short and broad, zygomatic width is relatively large, and post-dental palate is weakly concave. There are six palatal ridges, first is large hastate and fifth is thick; only last ridge is post-dental;fifth is level with posterior molars; and ridges 2-6 are divided by medial gap (2-4 not divided in juveniles).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB43122F7DBFA4C" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB43122F7DBFA4C" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB43122F9BCFAC4" bold="true" box="[1450,1561,1342,1375]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Southern Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic, just south of Rainforest biotic zone. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat might be a woodland species and also found in woodland savanna habitats. Holotype was collected in an area with
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFEEF60080263191F5FEFA35" box="[2360,2651,1421,1454]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Borassus (Arecaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
palms and lower shrubs behind a beach at sea level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB431C0F5E6FA66" box="[1450,2627,1500,1533]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB431C0F5E6FA66" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" box="[1450,2627,1500,1533]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB431C0F915FA66" bold="true" box="[1450,1712,1500,1533]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Batis frugivorous and nectarivorous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB43218F5FEF9D7" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB43218F5FEF9D7" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB43218F994F9BE" bold="true" box="[1450,1585,1540,1573]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat was captured in September and was carrying a young, suggesting that births take place just before start of wet seasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB7324FF6AFF9EF" box="[1449,2314,1619,1652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB7324FF6AFF9EF" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" box="[1449,2314,1619,1652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB7324FF931F9EF" bold="true" box="[1449,1684,1619,1652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB53266F6F2F900" box="[1451,2391,1658,1691]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB53266F6F2F900" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" box="[1451,2391,1658,1691]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB53266F7CDF900" bold="true" box="[1451,2152,1658,1691]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB532BEF709F8A1" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB532BEF709F8A1" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB532BEF8A8F958" bold="true" box="[1451,1805,1698,1731]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. There is an absence of recent information on Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat. Deforestation in parts ofits distribution might pose a threat, but it is unknown how it adapts to habitat change. It is not known to occur in any protected area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFEEF6008CB23354FA57F817" pageId="42" pageNumber="100" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFEEF6008CB23354FA57F817" blockId="42.[1448,2657,834,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFEEF6008CB23354F9E0F8FA" bold="true" box="[1452,1605,1864,1889]" pageId="42" pageNumber="100">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (1988), Fahr & Mildenstein (2016), Happold, M. (2013d), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |