221 lines
25 KiB
XML
221 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="D6F4271C833290BA59CC21BDC0A4A87C" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFACF64289B1368BF8B4FDD7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus chrysoproctus Temminck 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
|
||
<mods:mods id="B0C672F81FB7C5A2358CB69D9413B6C0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5C23644DC77FF88310CB3DD137BF1D4B">
|
||
<mods:title id="D16A1C387747C159C8600CACBC1EC411">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="3C3D73DC895044D5E31716FB9AAFAA42" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8BE5008EF4D63489FA1E5F52BCA369C1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="427DAB3B2DD525CCD9379961207788BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5C8A10F33C8B26F0E88F59E87B2B2F99">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FCDFE7DF606B218A2818492A71CDB47B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="62F311139670E7E442CFCDF110817144">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9407D500A705C2CF064F9087F44683CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="09BE0576F3F6F472D9880634351D6B95">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AB0D65731B11EBD1A38EEF1E7E4AF347">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4EA4C43FA67FD424F1CF51ACEADE77CF" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="082BAE8B6FE8C23D132A07B92CC869D4">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="8C0075830FF401864BA763423D01D9D6">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="07509121AFC0E9743AD8C95453B3FA47" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="E4B1102CD65133580D2563682F5AC65A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="1799DDA05820FFFA167D307CC2406761">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="B363207A63429B74033CD08135DB85F4">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C4AAE02ABEDA9518E2325E04D3E86F42">
|
||
<mods:title id="9E3D6510B8BDF072E92C8B1BCD52DA36">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0CED81D7E88A0BB0FB5E00050730235D">
|
||
<mods:extent id="2FF30F97E39E56EFA791AB000E7809B4" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="05B76BFD39951F4989FC4A41133151CF">16</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="1737B5F795527F98BC1CFA1E543837F8">162</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0E4DDA96AAB3004F4304FACBB4E94539">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6D984125AD778EE03AEA323D4E41EE75" type="CLB-Dataset">88683</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="12D10AB369F13C83D4F52811AD4B6001" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A6BB667EBC8CA36A1A865A8E18DFFB62" type="GBIF-Dataset">bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A00E72081147E8A0CF89D529A91A5815" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="08FB78C0C8A1102EBB87E209330C0B97" type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AD87FAFFACF64289B1368BF8B4FDD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFACF64289B1368BF8B4FDD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFACF64289B1368BF8B4FDD7" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B1368BFF5AFD5E" box="[175,255,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B1368BFF5AFD5E" blockId="104.[170,1316,663,793]" box="[175,255,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFACF64289B1368BFF5AFD5E" box="[175,255,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFACF64289B1368BFF5AFD5E" box="[175,255,663,709]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">190.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF642880E368BFCEBFD5E" box="[272,846,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF642880E368BFCEBFD5E" blockId="104.[170,1316,663,793]" box="[272,846,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFACF642880E368BFCEBFD5E" box="[272,846,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFACF642880E368BFCEBFD5E" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[272,846,663,709]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">South Moluccan Flying Fox</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428A8F368BFA86FD5E" box="[913,1315,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428A8F368BFA86FD5E" blockId="104.[170,1316,663,793]" box="[913,1315,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFACF6428A8F368BFA86FD5E" box="[913,1315,663,709]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428A8F368BFA86FD5E" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[913,1315,663,709]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF6428A8F368BFA86FD5E" box="[913,1315,663,709]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Pteropus chrysoproctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B236CBFDFAFC8E" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B236CBFB33FD77" blockId="104.[170,1316,663,793]" box="[172,1174,727,748]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFACF64289B236CBFB33FD77" box="[172,1174,727,748]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B236CBFF52FD77" bold="true" box="[172,247,727,748]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFACF642881F36CBFE62FD77" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[257,455,727,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">Roussette d'Ambon</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64288C236CBFD92FD77" bold="true" box="[476,567,727,748]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFACF6428B5E36CBFC8EFD77" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[576,811,727,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">Sidmolukken-Flughund</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF6428A5F36CBFC39FD77" bold="true" box="[833,924,727,748]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFACF6428ABB36CBFB33FD77" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[933,1174,727,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">
|
||
Zorro volador de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428D5136CBFB33FD77" box="[1103,1174,727,748]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B5371CFDFAFC8E" blockId="104.[170,1316,663,793]" box="[171,607,768,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFACF64289B5371CFDFAFC8E" box="[171,607,768,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B5371CFE06FC8E" bold="true" box="[171,419,768,789]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFACF64288B4371CFDFAFC8E" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[426,607,768,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF64288B4371CFE57FC8E" box="[426,498,768,789]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox
|
||
</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428A0E375DFC77FC10" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428A0E375DFC77FC10" blockId="104.[784,1379,833,1260]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF6428A0E375DFC0EFCF9" bold="true" box="[784,939,833,866]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428AD3375DFC68FC10" ID-CoL="4Q2YY" authority="Temminck, 1837" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">Pteropus chrysoproctus Temminck, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428AF43772FC07FC2A" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428AF43772FC07FC2A" blockId="104.[784,1379,833,1260]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFACF6428AF43772FC07FC2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391471" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428AF43772FBF0FC10" box="[1002,1109,878,907]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428D6B3772FAFFFC10" box="[1141,1370,878,907]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Maluku Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428A0F378CFC3BFC2A" box="[785,926,912,945]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428A0F37ABFC0BFB5E" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428A0F37ABFC0BFB5E" blockId="104.[784,1379,833,1260]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428A0F37ABFB92FC43" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[785,1079,951,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">Pteropus chrysoproctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428DFA37ABFC9AFC64" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanopogon">melanopogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. It might not include synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428ACD301AFBDBFBBC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[979,1150,1030,1063]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="argentatus">P. argentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFACF6428D8C301AFAA3FBBC" box="[1170,1286,1030,1063]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens previously referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428DC83031FC9DFBED" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1844" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="argentatus">P. argentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428D7F3049FAFEFBED" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1121,1371,1109,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Acerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">Acerodon celebensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It might contain undescribed subspecies. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428A0F30D3FC7FFA8E" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFACF6428A0F30D3FC7FFA8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6885387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6885387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6885387/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" startId="104.[785,957,1231,1260]" targetBox="[169,760,846,1259]" targetPageId="104">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428A0F30D3FC7FFA8E" blockId="104.[784,1379,833,1260]" lastBlockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF6428A0F30D3FC64FB77" bold="true" box="[785,961,1231,1260]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428AE330D3FBDAFB77" box="[1021,1151,1231,1260]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Is (Buru,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428C3930D3FF40FA8E" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Seram) and Watubela Archipelago in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428A5430E0FC72FA8E" box="[842,983,1276,1301]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B23103FD4CF8FD" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B23103FD4CF8FD" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B23103FE14FAA7" bold="true" box="[172,433,1311,1340]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF6428B9C3103FCE5FAA7" box="[642,832,1311,1340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.275" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="227.5" valueMax="265.0" valueMin="190.0">190-265 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF6428D353103FB6EFAA7" box="[1067,1227,1311,1340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="27.0">27-30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF64289B2315EFEE3FAF8" box="[172,326,1346,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="48.0">48-55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF64288C2315EFD33FAF8" box="[476,662,1346,1379]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="170.0" valueMax="177.0" valueMin="163.0">163-177 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF6428A0A315EFC0DFAF8" box="[788,936,1346,1379]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="g" value="360.0" valueMax="420.0" valueMin="300.0">300-420 g</quantity>
|
||
. Greatest lengths of skulls are
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF64289B33176FE9AFA10" box="[173,319,1386,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="72.0" valueMax="77.0" valueMin="67.0">67-77 mm</quantity>
|
||
and tibias
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFACF64288C73176FDCBFA10" box="[473,622,1386,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="77.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="75.0">75-80 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ears of the South Moluccan Flying Fox are of moderate length and curved into pointed tips. Bases of most hairs are tawny to rufous. On Seram, body is dark chestnut-brown, with more gradation to red-chestnut on sides of upper chest and flanks. Mantle is rufous, with sides occasionally grading to golden rufous to golden toward nape. Crown and sides of head are dark rufous, with back grading from lighter mantle into chestnut. A Buru specimen has dark burnt umber on back, with more golden tawny-tinged hairs toward rump, dark chestnut chest and belly, nearly ocherous buffy thighs, and tawny head, mantle, and sides of neck. Forearm is naked, and upperside oftibia is sparsely furred or naked. Wing membranes are black from uppersides of body. Index claw is present. Canines are slender at bases, I, and P| are smaller, and cheekteeth are narrower compared with Black-bearded Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF64289E63300FE6EF8A6" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[248,459,1820,1853]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanopogon">P. melanopogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
). 1, is 1-5-2 times larger than I. Canines of males are noticeably longer and slightly heavier than females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B33370FC68F816" box="[173,973,1900,1933]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B33370FC68F816" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" box="[173,973,1900,1933]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B33370FEB9F816" bold="true" box="[173,284,1900,1933]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Old growth forest and recently mangrove forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B3338FFD6DF7B0" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B3338FFD6DF7B0" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B3338FFE1DF82F" bold="true" box="[173,440,1939,1972]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The South Moluccan Flying Fox is probably frugivorous, but anecdotal evidence from Seram suggests that it feeds on durian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428D2A33A7FB14F847" box="[1076,1201,1979,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Durio sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428DDA33A7FAF3F847" box="[1220,1366,1979,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) flowers. Hunters have seen it foraging in stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428A6133FAFBD1F798" box="[895,1140,2022,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba (Malvaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and orchards of cultivated fruits (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF64288823C16FDB0F7B0" box="[412,533,2058,2091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFACF6428B3A3C16FD1EF7B0" box="[548,699,2058,2091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B33C2EFD86F7C8" box="[173,547,2098,2131]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B33C2EFD86F7C8" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" box="[173,547,2098,2131]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B33C2EFE91F7C8" bold="true" box="[173,308,2098,2131]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B23C45FD54F752" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B23C45FD54F752" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B23C45FE38F7E1" bold="true" box="[172,413,2137,2170]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The South Moluccan Flying Fox is crepuscular and nocturnal. It roosts on mangrove islands during the day and leaves around dusk to forage in forested areas with low levels of disturbance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B03CD3FB1FF615" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B03CD3FB1FF615" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B03CD3FCD5F76B" bold="true" box="[174,880,2255,2288]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The South Moluccan Flying Fox is generally gregarious and roosts in large colonies in forested areas. A colony of ¢.300 individuals was found in an unprotected mangrove forest. Single individuals and groups of less than ten individuals have been seen in temporary roosts in fragmented forests near villages. It roosts with the Black-bearded Flying Fox in separate trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF64289B13D89F9E3FE66" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF64289B13D89F9E3FE66" blockId="104.[172,1386,1276,2564]" lastBlockId="104.[1446,2656,278,593]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF64289B13D89FDB1F62D" bold="true" box="[175,532,2453,2486]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Population decline of the South Moluccan Flying Fox is suspected to have been more than 30% over three generations due to hunting and habitat loss. It is usually hunted at foraging sites as a snack for drinking parties. Deforestation, mining, oil exploration, and agroforestry expansion has resulted in loss of almost one-half of total forest coverage. Some foraging sites occur in Manusela National Park on Seram, but day roosts occur in unprotected mangrove forests on offshore islands nearby. There is no effective protection, and no protected area on Buru. It is likely extinct on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFACF6428CCB35C0F9E7FE66" box="[1493,1602,476,509]" name="Indonesia" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFACF6428CB63617F8B4FDD7" pageId="104" pageNumber="162" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFACF6428CB63617F8B4FDD7" blockId="104.[1446,2656,278,593]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFACF6428CB63617F9E4FDBF" bold="true" box="[1448,1601,523,548]" pageId="104" pageNumber="162">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Corbet & Hill (1992), Flannery (1995a), Musseretal. (1982), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2016j), Tsang et al. (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |