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<document id="8FAAC93021B4C732E9DC81B2065283E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF97F6798C6935B9F940F8C4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus ocularis Peters 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="DAD01B505171B6C563397DBFF2CD2EEF">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F4F36BDCC44B352B8C3B96BE1B6EEF0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="091FBA44C0F0144E5A2A1D18B3D1E686">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC36B214DD6010AAADFD024C0A32C94C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B96BE153BE27A67DE5F1A8F2666ADB6">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF97F6798C6935B9F940F8C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF97F6798C6935B9F940F8C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF97F6798C6935B9F940F8C4" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6935B9FA62FE48" box="[1399,1479,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6935B9FA62FE48" blockId="83.[1394,2329,421,549]" box="[1399,1479,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0F38180FF97F6798C6935B9FA62FE48" box="[1399,1479,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF97F6798C6935B9FA62FE48" box="[1399,1479,421,467]" captionStart="Plate 9: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="83.[119,148,3362,3387]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,18,3661]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="144. Ornate Flying Fox (Pleropus ornatus), 145. Seram Flying Fox (Pteropus ocularis), 146. Great Flying Fox (Pteropus neohibernicus), 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pleropus griseus), 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum), 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus), 150. Island Flying Fox (Pleropus hypomelanus), 151. Black-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus), 152. Black Flying Fox (Pleropus alecto), 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlei), 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus), 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis), 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus), 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus), 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus), 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448891/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">145.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798CC635B9F8E7FE48" box="[1496,1858,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798CC635B9F8E7FE48" blockId="83.[1394,2329,421,549]" box="[1496,1858,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0F38180FF97F6798CC635B9F8E7FE48" box="[1496,1858,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F6798CC635B9F8E7FE48" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1496,1858,421,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Seram Flying Fox</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798E9835B9F716FE48" box="[1926,2227,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798E9835B9F716FE48" blockId="83.[1394,2329,421,549]" box="[1926,2227,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0F38180FF97F6798E9835B9F716FE48" box="[1926,2227,421,467]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF97F6798E9835B9F716FE48" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1926,2227,421,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798E9835B9F716FE48" box="[1926,2227,421,467]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Pteropus ocularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6A35F9F7C7FDBA" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6A35F9F6B2FE61" blockId="83.[1394,2329,421,549]" box="[1396,2327,485,506]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0F38180FF97F6798C6A35F9F6B2FE61" box="[1396,2327,485,506]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6A35F9FA1AFE61" bold="true" box="[1396,1471,485,506]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F6798CD735F9F930FE61" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1481,1685,485,506]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Roussette de Céram</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798FB535F9F8A0FE61" bold="true" box="[1707,1797,485,506]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F6798E1135F9F817FE61" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1807,1970,485,506]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Seram-Flughund</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798ED635F9F786FE61" bold="true" box="[1992,2083,485,506]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F679813235F9F6B2FE61" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[2092,2327,485,506]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Zorro volador de Ceram</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6D3610F7C7FDBA" blockId="83.[1394,2329,421,549]" box="[1395,2146,524,545]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0F38180FF97F6798C6D3610F7C7FDBA" box="[1395,2146,524,545]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6D3610F9CFFDBA" bold="true" box="[1395,1642,524,545]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F6798F6A3610F8B4FDBA" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1652,1809,524,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Ceram Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="050746C2FF97F6798E013610F7C7FDBA" ID-CoL="4Q338" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1823,2146,524,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Moluccan Spectacled Flying Fox</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798EC63652F645FDF4" box="[2008,2528,590,623]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798EC63652F645FDF4" blockId="83.[2008,2602,590,1018]" box="[2008,2528,590,623]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798EC63652F7CEFDF4" bold="true" box="[2008,2155,590,623]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF97F679816A3652F67FFDF4" ID-CoL="4Q338" authority="Peters, 1867" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[2164,2522,590,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Pteropus ocularis Peters, 1867</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F67980F63652F5B0FD0C" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F67980F63652F5B0FD0C" blockId="83.[2008,2602,590,1018]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF97F67980F63652F5B0FD0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391463" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
“Ceram [= Seram Island],”
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF97F679801C3662F6DBFD0C" box="[2306,2430,638,663]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF97F67980933662F5B4FD0C" box="[2445,2577,638,663]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798EC73681F772FD7D" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798EC73681F772FD7D" blockId="83.[2008,2602,590,1018]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF97F6798EC73681F711FD25" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[2009,2228,669,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocularis">Pteropus ocularis</taxonomicName>
is in the
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF97F67980443681F61CFD25" box="[2394,2489,669,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">ornatus</taxonomicName>
species group. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798EC636F0F6D8FCAE" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
<caption id="DF7B6664FF97F6798EC636F0F6D8FCAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803872/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" startId="83.[2008,2177,748,781]" targetBox="[1393,1984,601,1014]" targetPageId="83">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798EC636F0F6D8FCAE" blockId="83.[2008,2602,590,1018]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798EC636F0F720FC96" bold="true" box="[2008,2181,748,781]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to CC
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF97F67980B736F0F58CFC96" box="[2473,2601,748,781]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
(Buru,
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF97F67981223700F702FCAE" box="[2108,2215,796,821]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Ambon</collectingCountry>
, and Seram Is).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798EC63727F5A3FA95" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798EC63727F5A3FA95" blockId="83.[2008,2602,590,1018]" lastBlockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798EC63727F76DFCC7" bold="true" box="[2008,2248,827,860]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F67980673727F641FCC7" box="[2425,2532,827,860]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="195.0">195 mm</quantity>
(tailless), ear
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F6798144377BF71FFC1F" box="[2138,2234,871,900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F6798054377BF60EFC1F" box="[2378,2475,871,900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F6798EC53796F737FC30" box="[2011,2194,906,939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.3199999999999998" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="138.5" valueMax="145.0" valueMin="132.0">132-145 mm</quantity>
; weight
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F679800F3796F606FC30" box="[2321,2467,906,939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="g" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200-400 g</quantity>
. Greatest lengths of skulls are
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F679801E37ADF631FC49" box="[2304,2452,945,978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="61.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="59.0">59-63 mm</quantity>
and tibias
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F6798EC737C5F79CFC61" box="[2009,2105,985,1018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
. The Seram Flying Fox is dark colored, with light mantle, small skull, and short and narrow muzzle. Dentition and overall size are similar to those of the Spectacled Flying Fox (
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF97F67981393034F756FBD2" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1850" box="[2087,2291,1064,1097]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">P. conspicillatus</taxonomicName>
), but it is considerably smaller in size. Ears are short and have more rounded tips than those of the Spectacled Flying Fox;it is generally black all over front and back, with yellow-brown to buffy mantle that extends around sides of neck. Eyes are surrounded by russet to cinnamon spectacles, which are less conspicuous than in the Spectacled Flying Fox. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Skull is typical pteropine but smaller than in the Spectacled Flying Fox.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6D3109F70FFAAD" box="[1395,2218,1301,1334]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6D3109F70FFAAD" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" box="[1395,2218,1301,1334]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6D3109FA46FAAD" bold="true" box="[1395,1507,1301,1334]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Habitat.</emphasis>
Old-growth forests and recently mangrove forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6D3120F8CDFAC6" box="[1395,1896,1340,1373]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6D3120F8CDFAC6" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" box="[1395,1896,1340,1373]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6D3120F9DCFAC6" bold="true" box="[1395,1657,1340,1373]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6D3178F94CFA1E" box="[1395,1769,1380,1413]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6D3178F94CFA1E" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" box="[1395,1769,1380,1413]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6D3178FA5FFA1E" bold="true" box="[1395,1530,1380,1413]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6C3193F7F3FA37" box="[1394,2134,1423,1452]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6C3193F7F3FA37" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" box="[1394,2134,1423,1452]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6C3193F9F8FA37" bold="true" box="[1394,1629,1423,1452]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Seram Flying Fox is nocturnal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6D31AFF81CFA60" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6D31AFF81CFA60" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6D31AFF79DFA4F" bold="true" box="[1395,2104,1459,1492]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
The Seram Flying Fox is primarily solitary and does not form large colonies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6A321EF62AF894" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6A321EF62AF894" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6A321EF96CF9B8" bold="true" box="[1396,1737,1538,1571]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Seram Flying Fox has declined 30% overthree generations. Hunting and habitat loss have madeit relatively rare, and reduction of available habitat will further threaten it. [and conversion from deforestation, mining, oil exploration, and agroforestry resulted in loss of one-half oftotal forest coverage. It occurs in Manusela National Park on Seram, but habitat quality is in decline due to illegal logging. No protected area exists on Buru, and it is likely extinct on
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF97F6798F7032F2F97DF894" box="[1646,1752,1774,1807]" name="Indonesia" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Ambon</collectingCountry>
, which is already mostly developed and deforested.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF97F6798C6A3302F940F8C4" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF97F6798C6A3302F940F8C4" blockId="83.[1394,2604,1029,1887]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF97F6798C6A3302F9A8F8AC" bold="true" box="[1396,1549,1822,1847]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Corbet &amp; Hill (1992), Flannery (1995a), Simmons (2005), Tsang (
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF97F6798CDB335AF9A0F8C4" box="[1477,1541,1862,1887]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.016" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="g" value="2016.0">2016g</quantity>
), Tsang et al. (2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>