188 lines
20 KiB
XML
188 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="52DABEBCE4DE83EAD48D86D5CCE8C829">
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<mods:title id="901C2173A9E56C52FDEE9F95D4A00BE1">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F377320EA40C99999C3C196F4D0F2C0F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2AA2EFFB47B7124A5024EDFCD910F817">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D325029FCDCFE417B1460E36546C2751">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9D4DCEBB4D27DDB4795F24ED4471CE2D">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A918C23F898E107C8FB26412F9A5FCB1" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F4DD9975777DF15A684E76D8527837CA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="55E36CA66C48F6A17B4A31D9CEAA1BAC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="B3FCDD407C93A7784D6E39FDBD67F267">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF90F67E8CB93519F794F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF90F67E8CB93519F794F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF90F67E8CB93519F794F867" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CB93519FA53FEA8" box="[1447,1526,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CB93519FA53FEA8" blockId="84.[1443,2587,261,351]" box="[1447,1526,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF90F67E8CB93519FA53FEA8" box="[1447,1526,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF90F67E8CB93519FA53FEA8" box="[1447,1526,261,307]" captionStart="Plate 9: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="83.[119,148,3362,3387]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,18,3661]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="144. Ornate Flying Fox (Pleropus ornatus), 145. Seram Flying Fox (Pteropus ocularis), 146. Great Flying Fox (Pteropus neohibernicus), 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pleropus griseus), 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum), 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus), 150. Island Flying Fox (Pleropus hypomelanus), 151. Black-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus), 152. Black Flying Fox (Pleropus alecto), 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlei), 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus), 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis), 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus), 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus), 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus), 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448891/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">148.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8F1B3519F81EFEA8" box="[1541,1979,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8F1B3519F81EFEA8" blockId="84.[1443,2587,261,351]" box="[1541,1979,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF90F67E8F1B3519F81EFEA8" box="[1541,1979,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF90F67E8F1B3519F81EFEA8" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1541,1979,261,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Admiralty Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8EE03519F609FEA8" box="[2046,2476,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8EE03519F609FEA8" blockId="84.[1443,2587,261,351]" box="[2046,2476,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF90F67E8EE03519F609FEA8" box="[2046,2476,261,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF90F67E8EE03519F609FEA8" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2046,2476,261,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8EE03519F609FEA8" box="[2046,2476,261,307]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Pteropus admiralitatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBA3559F5BFFEC1" box="[1444,2586,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBA3559F5BFFEC1" blockId="84.[1443,2587,261,351]" box="[1444,2586,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF90F67E8CBA3559F5BFFEC1" box="[1444,2586,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBA3559FA4AFEC1" bold="true" box="[1444,1519,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF90F67E8CE73559F940FEC1" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1529,1765,325,346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Roussette de 'Amirauté</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8FE53559F8F0FEC1" bold="true" box="[1787,1877,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF90F67E8E433559F7D6FEC1" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1885,2163,325,346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Admiralitatsinseln-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E81973559F741FEC1" bold="true" box="[2185,2276,325,346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF90F67E81F33559F5BFFEC1" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2285,2586,325,346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Zorro volador de Almirantazgo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E81193590F724FE4B" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E81193590F724FE4B" blockId="84.[2055,2649,396,819]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E81193590F706FE32" bold="true" box="[2055,2211,396,425]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF90F67E81A83590F7D9FE4B" ID-CoL="4Q2XW" authority="Thomas, 1894" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Pteropus admiralitatum Thomas, 1894</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E818E35B3F7D1FE63" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E818E35B3F7D1FE63" blockId="84.[2055,2649,396,819]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF90F67E818E35B3F7D1FE63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391333" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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“Admiralty Islands,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF90F67E80A935B3F7D5FE63" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8116361EF64BFC97" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8116361EF64BFC97" blockId="84.[2055,2649,396,819]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF90F67E8116361EF692FD84" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2056,2359,514,543]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Pteropus admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF90F67E80DC361EF5BDFD84" box="[2498,2584,514,543]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">griseus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Four subspecies have been recognized (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF90F67E81923649F6EDFDF5" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2188,2376,597,622]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
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, colonus, gower:, and solomonis), but they do not segregate in their subspecific assignment, so no subspecies are recognized here until this species complex is taxonomically resolved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8119370EF85FFC19" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF90F67E8119370EF85FFC19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803263/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" startId="84.[2055,2227,786,819]" targetBox="[1441,2031,403,816]" targetPageId="84">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8119370EF85FFC19" blockId="84.[2055,2649,396,819]" lastBlockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8119370EF71DFCA8" bold="true" box="[2055,2232,786,819]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Admiralty and Purdy Is, St Mattias Group,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF90F67E8F623722F817FCC0" box="[1660,1970,830,859]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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, Nissan Is, Carteret Group, and Solomon Is from Buka in the N to Malaita and Guadalcanal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD3794F882FA1F" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD3794F882FA1F" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD3794F905FC32" bold="true" box="[1443,1696,904,937]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E8E7D3794F7BCFC32" box="[1891,2073,904,937]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.005" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="200.5" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="171.0">171-230 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E81EC3794F62FFC32" box="[2290,2442,904,937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="17.0">17-28 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E83363794F9ADFC4A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="33.0">33- 50 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E8F8637ACF8EBFC4A" box="[1688,1870,944,977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.18" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="124.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="118.0">118-130 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E8ED637ACF7F2FC4A" box="[1992,2135,944,977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.695" metricValueMax="3.34" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="g" value="269.5" valueMax="334.0" valueMin="205.0">205-334 g</quantity>
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(mean
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF90F67E81D437ACF6BFFC4A" box="[2250,2330,944,977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.8" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="g" value="280.0">280 g</quantity>
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). Muzzle of the Admiralty Flying Fox is slightly narrowed, rhinarium is brown, and nostrils are short and tubular. Eyes are medium-sized, with brown irises. Ears are relatively short. Fur is woolly and variable shades of brown. Head and face have bicolored hairs, dark brown at bases and red-brown or gray-brown at tips. Crown is pale gray; chin and throat are uniform sepia-brown. Mantle is fulvous, not sharply defined from back, which is dark brown, interspersed with lighter hairs, and adpressed. Tibia is unfurred. Chest, sides, and belly are uniform sepia-brown, mixed with silver or yellowish hairs. Wing membranes are brown, originating from sides of body. Skull has strong basicranial deflection, rostrum 1s narrowed, sagittal crest is weak, and postorbital ring is complete in many specimens. Cheekteeth have poorly developed cusps and are elongated and rectangular in occlusal outline; M? is minute.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD3196F7D0FA61" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD3196F7D0FA61" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD3196F9B7FA30" bold="true" box="[1443,1554,1418,1451]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Regularly disturbed and secondary forests and village gardens. Outside of
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF90F67E8CBD31AEF9A5FA48" box="[1443,1536,1458,1491]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Manus" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Manus</collectingRegion>
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Island, the Admiralty Flying Fox mainly occurs on small, remote, low-elevation islands in
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF90F67E8F2E31C5F898FA61" box="[1584,1853,1497,1530]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF90F67E8E9B31C5F7D4FA61" box="[1925,2161,1497,1530]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD321DF74CF9B9" box="[1443,2281,1537,1570]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD321DF74CF9B9" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" box="[1443,2281,1537,1570]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD321DF90CF9B9" bold="true" box="[1443,1705,1537,1570]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Admiralty Flying Fox is frugivorous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD3234F8B5F903" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD3234F8B5F903" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD3234F98CF9D2" bold="true" box="[1443,1577,1576,1609]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
None offive females collected on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF90F67E813A3234F724F9D2" box="[2084,2177,1576,1609]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Manus" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Manus</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island in June were lactating. In March, three females were lactating. Apparently not all females on a given island reproduce at the same time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBF32BFF816F97C" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBF32BFF816F97C" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBF32BFF92BF95B" bold="true" box="[1441,1678,1699,1728]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Admiralty Flying Fox is mainly nocturnal but active in daylight on small islands without birds of prey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD32F1F591F8C6" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD32F1F591F8C6" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD32F1F7F9F895" bold="true" box="[1443,2140,1773,1806]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Documented behavior of the Admiralty Flying Fox varies, probably related to taxonomic confusion. On small islands, they roost in exposed colonies, and on larger islands, small groups roost in hollow trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBD3378F5EDF836" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBD3378F5EDF836" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBD3378F94AF81E" bold="true" box="[1443,1775,1892,1925]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Admiralty Flying Fox has a wide distribution and presumably large populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF90F67E8CBA33A7F794F867" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF90F67E8CBA33A7F794F867" blockId="84.[1441,2651,830,2044]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF90F67E8CBA33A7F998F84F" bold="true" box="[1444,1597,1979,2004]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso, Helgen & Hamilton (2008b), Flannery (1995a), Hamilton (2004), Helgen (2007b), Simmons (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |