treatments-xml/data/03/AD/72/03AD723B190EFF93D9BCFD4820D4FD60.xml

<document id="0EB222B3BCA14564673CA3E4FE6B3EBA" ID-CLB-Dataset="133185" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e93aacd-85dc-4bea-bf1f-0fa0725968d4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7031129" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1661765082689" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sierra-Giraldo, Julio Andrés, Orozco-A, Jairo Andrés, Trujillo-Trujillo, Edwin &amp; Castaño-Rubiano, Natalia" docDate="2022" docId="03AD723B190EFF93D9BCFD4820D4FD60" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.560.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 560 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.10" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Anthurium viridiflavum Sierra-Giraldo" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FF940A43190BFF95D934FFC52550FF98" masterDocTitle="New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1699373910562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="962626896BC1C474F37C0742C5D36635">New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FAAAD34EB2DD6AE28EC6F964B9FDFC5">Sierra-Giraldo, Julio Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B26256ED12568C89F3F8215126FAEED">Herbario Universidad de Caldas-FAUC, Calle 65 No. 26 - 10, Manizales, Colombia &amp; Fundación Conservación de la Selva Colombiana, Manizales, Colombia &amp; andresierra 25 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3016 - 102 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4ACD0211EB61AAF658ED982272C4FFA8">Orozco-A, Jairo Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56A72DB6D16E52576A402BB1BEADB38D">Herbario Universidad de Caldas-FAUC, Calle 65 No. 26 - 10, Manizales, Colombia &amp; Fundación Conservación de la Selva Colombiana, Manizales, Colombia &amp; jairoan 345 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2646 - 1705</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1389E37B8AA14722908F05D3857AB52">Trujillo-Trujillo, Edwin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="759376915585364A76A2EDCFA487B90F">Laboratorio de Agrobiodiversidad y Malherbologia LAMUA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia &amp; etrujillot @ uniamazonia. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5601 - 540 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D37D102425EB1DAA6FF5A1C0A9729E8B">Castaño-Rubiano, Natalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C46C9E2DFD660781C3E2DFEDCA96866F">Herbario Universidad de Caldas-FAUC, Calle 65 No. 26 - 10, Manizales, Colombia &amp; Estudiante de doctorado en Ciencias-Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia &amp; Grupo de investigación BIONAT, Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia &amp; natalia. castano _ r @ ucaldas. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4517 - 4894</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="888779E95BD0673DE4DDE3EDB8809AC5" type="email">natalia.castano_r@ucaldas.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190EFF90D9BCFD48271AFD3F" authority="Sierra-Giraldo" authorityName="Sierra-Giraldo" box="[136,586,653,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D9BCFD4824CEFD30" bold="true" box="[136,414,653,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Anthurium viridiflavum</emphasis>
Sierra-Giraldo
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, Orozco-A, Edwin Trujillo &amp; Castaño-Rubiano, 
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<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190EFF90D9BCFD17243AFD7F" box="[136,362,722,743]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">Anthurium viridiflavum</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its nomadic vine habit, long stems, persisting and intact cataphylls, elongated internodes 
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, deltoid, lanceolate or trullate leaf blades of 
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long, cuneate, subcordate or truncate at base, inflorecences with a decurrent stipe, erect spathes of 
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wide, and white spadices with 4−6 flowers visible in the principal spiral and flowers 
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the alternate spiral.
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<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D9BCFCA7258AFCEF" bold="true" box="[136,218,866,887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Type:—</emphasis>
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. 
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: 
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Municipio 
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, path toward 
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, 
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locality, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, (fl.), 
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<collectorName id="26F1A6FB190EFF90DA30FC422682FC03" box="[772,978,902,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">N. Castaño−Rubiano</collectorName>
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2298 (
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FAUC!−30452, isotypes HUA!). 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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.
</paragraph>
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Nomadic vine. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D800FC2224E5FB99" bold="true" box="[308,437,999,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Internodes</emphasis>
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long, 
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diam. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DAB5FC222152FB99" bold="true" box="[897,1026,999,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Cataphylls</emphasis>
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long, with two ribs, green when young, brownish when mature, thick and persistent, intact, lanceolate, cuspidate at apex. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD88FBCF2048FBBC" bold="true" box="[1212,1304,1034,1060]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Petioles</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DC2BFBCE20FBFBBD" box="[1311,1451,1035,1061]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" metricValueMax="1.8699999999999999" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="13.45" valueMax="18.7" valueMin="8.2">8.2–18.7 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90D9F3FBEB240FFBD0" box="[199,351,1070,1096]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.38 cm</quantity>
diam., subterete, sulcate adaxially; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DBDFFBE82637FBDF" bold="true" box="[747,871,1069,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">geniculum</emphasis>
light green, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DAC5FBE821D9FBD0" box="[1009,1161,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="1.04" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="0.85">0.85–1.23 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DDFAFBEB2036FBD0" box="[1230,1382,1070,1096]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.23 cm</quantity>
diam. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D9BCFB942587FBF3" bold="true" box="[136,215,1105,1131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Blades</emphasis>
11.06–15.07 × 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90D8B0FB94274EFBF3" box="[388,542,1105,1132]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.97" metricValueMax="7.55" metricValueMin="4.39" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="5.97" valueMax="7.55" valueMin="4.39">4.39–7.55 cm</quantity>
, deltoid, lanceolate or trullate, subcordate or truncated at base, acuminate, caudate or cuspidate at apex, coriaceous, glossy above, somewhat glossy below, drying olive-green to brown above and below; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D9BCFB522460FB29" bold="true" box="[136,304,1175,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">upper surface</emphasis>
densely cover with pale lineations; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DBE0FB522627FB29" bold="true" box="[724,887,1175,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">lower surface</emphasis>
densely punctate by druses; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DDF3FB522049FB29" bold="true" box="[1223,1305,1175,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">midrib</emphasis>
thicker than broad above, slightly angular below, clearer and matte above and below; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA8EFB7E216DFB4C" bold="true" box="[954,1085,1210,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">basal veins</emphasis>
2–3 pairs, free; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DDC7FB7F2595FB6F" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">primary lateral veins</emphasis>
6–12 pairs, arising at a 45–46° angle; concave above, narrowly convex below; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD72FB1B2054FB6F" bold="true" box="[1094,1284,1245,1272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">secondary veins</emphasis>
sunken below, slightly raised below; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D8B2FAC42778FA83" bold="true" box="[390,552,1281,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">tertiary veins</emphasis>
inconspicuous above and below; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA98FAC42131FA83" bold="true" box="[940,1121,1281,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">collective veins</emphasis>
arising from the first pair of basal veins, extending along the margin at 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DB53FAE1265AFAA7" box="[615,778,1316,1343]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.45 mm</quantity>
distance. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA4FFAE12174FAA6" bold="true" box="[891,1060,1316,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Inflorescences</emphasis>
erect. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD5BFAE121B7FAA6" bold="true" box="[1135,1255,1316,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Peduncles</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DDDAFAE1203BFAA7" box="[1262,1387,1316,1343]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="6.25" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–8.7 cm</quantity>
long, 0.09–0.22 diam., cylindrical, light green. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DB5CFA8227EAFAF9" bold="true" box="[616,698,1351,1377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Spathe</emphasis>
s 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DBE4FA82263DFAFA" box="[720,877,1351,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5649999999999995" metricValueMax="6.78" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="5.5649999999999995" valueMax="6.78" valueMin="4.35">4.35−6.78 cm</quantity>
long × 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DAFAFA82213AFAFA" box="[974,1130,1351,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.645" metricValueMax="3.23" metricValueMin="2.06" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="2.645" valueMax="3.23" valueMin="2.06">2.06–3.23 cm</quantity>
diam., coriaceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, green at base, light green-yellowish to creamy-colored, cuspidate at apex, smooth surface with 6–8 conspicuous longitudinal veins at 75–90° angle of insertion. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA75FA48262EFA3F" bold="true" box="[833,894,1421,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Stipe</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DAB3FA4B2173FA30" box="[903,1059,1422,1448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" metricValueMax="1.71" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="1.22" valueMax="1.71" valueMin="0.73">0.73–1.71 cm</quantity>
long in the naked part, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DC0EFA4B25FAFA53" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.26" valueMin="0.12">0.12−0.26 cm</quantity>
diam., decurrent half or 1/3 of its length, light green. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA30FA742606FA53" bold="true" box="[772,854,1457,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Spadix</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DA6AFA7426A7FA53" box="[862,1015,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.295" metricValueMax="2.79" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="2.295" valueMax="2.79" valueMin="1.8">1.80–2.79 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DD0AFA742188FA53" box="[1086,1240,1457,1484]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.48" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.46">0.46−0.50 cm</quantity>
diam., cylindrical, creamy-white. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D806FA1124C1FA76" bold="true" box="[306,401,1492,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Flowers</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90D8AEFA112765FA77" box="[410,565,1492,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.245" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.29 cm</quantity>
long × 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DBA7FA11267EFA77" box="[659,814,1492,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1000000000000005" metricValueMax="3.4000000000000004" metricValueMin="2.8000000000000003" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.34 cm</quantity>
wide, 4–6 visible in the principal spiral and 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DC01FA1120D0FA76" box="[1333,1408,1492,1518]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6−8 in</quantity>
the alternate spiral, rhomboid, longer in the perpendicular direction of the inflorescence. 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD67FA3221FAF989" bold="true" box="[1107,1194,1527,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Berries</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DD87FA32205BF98A" box="[1203,1291,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DC60FA3220FCF98A" box="[1364,1452,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
diam., ovoid, pale green; 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D891F9DE24B3F9AD" bold="true" box="[421,483,1563,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">seeds</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90D8DFF9DE2711F9AD" box="[491,577,1563,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DBB3F9DF278DF9AD" box="[647,733,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
diam., ellipsoid, flattened towards the raphe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190EFF90D989F9F82768F906" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190EFF90D989F9F82768F906" blockId="5.[136,1452,999,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F9F8248FF9CF" box="[189,479,1597,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F9F82486F9C0" bold="true" box="[189,470,1597,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
—This species is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F31383BD190EFF90DA1AF9FB26CFF9C0" box="[814,927,1598,1624]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and is only known from the Central Andes in the Department of 
<collectingRegion id="49C00DCF190EFF90D869F9A424FCF9E3" box="[349,428,1633,1659]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Caldas</collectingRegion>
, in the town of Florencia (Samaná). The elevational range of the species is between 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DC51F9A425B2F907" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300– 1700 m</quantity>
., in clearings and forest edges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190EFF90D989F96226FEF959" box="[189,942,1703,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190EFF90D989F96226FEF959" blockId="5.[136,1452,999,2083]" box="[189,942,1703,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F9622411F959" box="[189,321,1703,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F9622468F95A" bold="true" box="[189,312,1703,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Phenology</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
—Flowering in February and July, fruiting in February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190EFF90D989F90F260EF8D6" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190EFF90D989F90F260EF8D6" blockId="5.[136,1452,999,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F90F2783F97C" box="[189,723,1738,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F90F24F4F97D" bold="true" box="[189,420,1738,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Conservation status</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190EFF90D8FDF90F2783F97C" box="[457,723,1738,1764]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">Anthurium viridiflavum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is only known from two localities in the Central Andes, one at Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia (Samaná, 
<collectingRegion id="49C00DCF190EFF90DBDCF92B2666F890" box="[744,822,1774,1800]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Caldas</collectingRegion>
) and the other in roadside forests between Florencia and El Congal (Samaná, 
<collectingRegion id="49C00DCF190EFF90D847F8D42494F8B3" box="[371,452,1809,1835]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Caldas</collectingRegion>
). Due to the lack of demographic and habitat information of the species, we propose 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190EFF90DCA7F8D42441F8D6" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DCA7F8D42441F8D6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">A. viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be listed as “Data Deficient’’ (DD) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF95BEDC190EFF90DBFCF8F12602F8D6" author="IUCN" box="[712,850,1844,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" refId="ref4128" refString="IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 14. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (Accessed 25 July 2021)." type="url" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190EFF90D989F892277AF80C" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190EFF90D989F892277AF80C" blockId="5.[136,1452,999,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F8922411F8E9" box="[189,321,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F8922468F8EA" bold="true" box="[189,312,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Etymology</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
—The epithet 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190EFF90D8D1F892273EF8E9" box="[485,622,1879,1905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D8D1F892273EF8E9" box="[485,622,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the Latin “ 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA49F8922695F8E9" box="[893,965,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">viridis</emphasis>
” (green) and “ 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD5AF89221E1F8E9" box="[1134,1201,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">flavus</emphasis>
” (yellow) referring to the green−yellow color of the spathe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190EFF90D989F85821B7F7BA" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190EFF90D989F85821B7F7BA" blockId="5.[136,1452,999,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F85827B4F820" bold="true" box="[189,740,1949,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90D989F8582799F820" bold="true" box="[189,713,1949,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Additional specimen examined (
<typeStatus id="54BF7D8F190EFF90DB73F85B27E8F820" box="[583,696,1950,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
—
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B6CC970190EFF90DBD0F85B274FF866" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897135301" collectingDate="2020-07-07" collectingDateMax="2021-02-15" collectingDateMin="2020-07-07" collectionCode="HUAZ" collectorName="J. A. Sierra-Giraldo &amp; J. A. Orozco-A" country="Colombia" elevation="1300" latitude="5.5250835" location="Municipio de Samana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.04173" municipality="Municipio de Samana" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
<collectingCountry id="F31383BD190EFF90DBD0F85B262DF820" box="[740,893,1950,1976]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49C00DCF190EFF90DABBF85B26B0F820" box="[911,992,1950,1976]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Caldas</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDF5957190EFF90DAC6F85B21ACF820" box="[1010,1276,1950,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Municipio de Samaná</collectingMunicipality>
: road 
<locationDeviation id="9A09DA0F190EFF90DC7AF85B24F5F843" firstLocation="Florencia" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" secondLocation="El Congal">between Florencia and El Congal</locationDeviation>
, 05° 36’11.3’ N, 75° 00’ 59.4 W, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90DA04F80426DAF843" box="[816,906,1985,2011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="0029241E190EFF90DA04F80426DAF843" box="[816,906,1985,2011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFBAE5ED190EFF90DAACF8042171F843" box="[920,1057,1985,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="2020-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EFFE1C05190EFF90DAACF8042171F843" box="[920,1057,1985,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="2020-07-07">7 July 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl.), 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DD52F8072410F866" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<collectorName id="26F1A6FB190EFF90DD52F8072007F843" box="[1126,1367,1985,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">J. A. Sierra−Giraldo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26F1A6FB190EFF90DCB4F80425ADF866" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">J.A. Orozco−A</collectorName>
1563
</emphasis>
(FAUC!, 
<collectionCode id="ED155BE8190EFF90D883F821275FF866" box="[439,527,2020,2046]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2v9m-7g3r" name="Universidad de la Amazonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">HUAZ</collectionCode>
!);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B6CC970190EFF90DB1EF82121B3F7BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897135303" collectingDate="2020-07-07" collectingDateMax="2021-02-15" collectingDateMin="2020-07-07" collectionCode="HUAZ" collectorName="N. Castano-Rubiano" country="Colombia" elevation="1300" latitude="5.5250835" location="Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.04173" municipality="Municipio de Samana" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
Path toward 
<location id="8EDB95F6190EFF90DB8BF8202191F866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD723B190EFF93D9BCFD4820D4FD60:8EDB95F6190EFF90DB8BF8202191F866" box="[703,1217,2020,2047]" country="Colombia" latitude="5.5250835" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.04173" municipality="Municipio de Samana" name="Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Caldas">Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia</location>
, San Lucas locality, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE30A5EA190EFF90D9BCF7CD2444F7BB" box="[136,276,2056,2083]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="31.505" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" precision="1" value="5.5250835">5°31.505’ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE30A5EA190EFF90D82BF7CD24E4F7BB" box="[287,436,2056,2083]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="02.504" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" precision="1" value="-75.04173">75°02.504 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190EFF90D88BF7CD2746F7BB" box="[447,534,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation id="0029241E190EFF90D88BF7CD2746F7BB" box="[447,534,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFBAE5ED190EFF90DB16F7CD27B9F7BA" box="[546,745,2056,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="2021-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFFE1C05190EFF90DB16F7CD27B9F7BA" box="[546,745,2056,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="2021-02-15">15 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl., fr.), 
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190EFF90DA7BF7CC2124F7BA" box="[847,1140,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<collectorName id="26F1A6FB190EFF90DA7BF7CC2166F7BA" box="[847,1078,2056,2082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">N. Castaño-Rubiano</collectorName>
2297
</emphasis>
(FAUC!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E90A6190DFF93D989FF5820D4FD60" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190DFF93D989FF582184FE98" blockId="6.[136,1452,157,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D989FF58246BFF2F" bold="true" box="[189,315,157,183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Discussion</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93D86BFF5B2735FF20" box="[351,613,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D86BFF5B2735FF20" box="[351,613,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Anthurium viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DA33FF5B26F6FF20" box="[775,934,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Calomystrium">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DA33FF5B26F6FF20" box="[775,934,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Calomystrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section, due to the presence of intact, persistent cataphylls along the stem, bright spadix or flowers and thick spathes. Additionally, it does not present glandular punctations and has notorious raphidia (pale lineations) on the leaf blades (
<bibRefCitation id="EF95BEDC190DFF93DAFBFF232197FE98" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Sheffer, R. D." box="[975,1223,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" pagination="85 - 123" refId="ref3498" refString="Croat, T. B. &amp; Sheffer, R. D. (1983) The sectional groupings of Anthurium (Araceae). Aroideana 6: 85 - 123." type="journal article" year="1983">Croat &amp; Sheffer 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBC32D190DFF93D989FECF20D4FD60" blockId="6.[136,1452,157,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
This species comprises a combination of unique characters which are not present in any other species of section 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93D9BCFEEB2477FED0" box="[136,295,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Calomystrium">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D9BCFEEB2477FED0" box="[136,295,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Calomystrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as long stems, elongated internodes and non-cordate leaf blades. Considering the shape of the leaf blade, 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93D9E5FE972428FEF4" box="[209,376,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D9E5FE972428FEF4" box="[209,376,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be morphologically related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DA38FE9721E2FEF4" authority="Croat &amp; Lingan (2005 a: 49)" authorityName="Croat &amp; Lingan" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="2005" box="[780,1202,338,365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DA38FE972629FEF4" box="[780,889,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. mariae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF95BEDC190DFF93DA4AFE9721E2FEF4" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Lingan, J. &amp; Hayworth, D. A." box="[894,1202,338,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" pagination="15 - 30" refId="ref3680" refString="Croat, T. B., Lingan, J. &amp; Hayworth, D. A. (2005 a) A new section of Anthurium, seccion Decurrentia - revision of the Anthurium decurrens Poeppig complex in Amazonia. Rodriguesia 56: 15 - 30." type="journal article" year="2005">Croat &amp; Lingán (2005a: 49)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31383BD190DFF93DDC0FE97207BFEF4" box="[1268,1323,338,364]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DC00FE972441FE08" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DC00FE972441FE08" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Anthurium viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93D893FEB32745FE08" authorityName="Croat &amp; Lingan" authorityYear="2005" box="[423,533,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D893FEB32745FE08" box="[423,533,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having longer internodes (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DA55FEB326ACFE08" box="[865,1020,374,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.03" metricValueMin="2.97" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.03" valueMin="2.97">2.97–9.03 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DD18FEB32128FE08" box="[1068,1144,374,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DDE3FEB32015FE08" authorityName="Croat &amp; Lingan" authorityYear="2005" box="[1239,1349,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DDE3FEB32015FE08" box="[1239,1349,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shorter petioles (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D9DBFE5F242DFE2C" box="[239,381,410,436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" metricValueMax="1.8699999999999999" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="13.45" valueMax="18.7" valueMin="8.2">8.2–18.7 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D89AFE5F2719FE2C" box="[430,585,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="7.54" metricValueMin="4.66" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="61.0" valueMax="75.4" valueMin="46.6">46.6–75.4 cm</quantity>
long), smaller leaf blades (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DAB5FE5F2168FE2C" box="[897,1080,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3065" metricValueMax="1.507" metricValueMin="1.106" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="13.065" valueMax="15.07" valueMin="11.06">11.06–15.07 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DD5DFE5F2053FE2C" box="[1129,1283,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.705" metricValueMax="3.25" metricValueMin="2.16" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="27.05" valueMax="32.5" valueMin="21.6">21.6–32.5 cm</quantity>
long), deltoid, lanceolate or trullate blades which are cuneate, subcordate or truncate at base (vs narrow lanceolate blades which are subcordate at base), shorter peduncles (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DB76FE272790FE64" box="[578,704,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="6.25" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–8.7 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DBDBFE2726D8FE64" box="[751,904,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.265" metricValueMax="6.42" metricValueMin="4.11" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="52.65" valueMax="64.2" valueMin="41.1">41.1–64.2 cm</quantity>
long), decurrent stipe (vs. non-decurrent), wider spathes (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D9DEFDC324D6FDB8" box="[234,390,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.645" metricValueMax="3.23" metricValueMin="2.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="2.645" valueMax="3.23" valueMin="2.06">2.06–3.23 cm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D884FDC3277FFDB8" box="[432,559,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 cm</quantity>
wide), and spadices with 4–6 flowers visible in the principal spiral (vs. 10–11 flowers) and 6–8 flowers in the alternate spiral (vs. 14–15 flowers). 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DAB3FDEF2160FDDC" box="[903,1072,554,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DAB3FDEF2160FDDC" box="[903,1072,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be morphologically related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93D992FD8B274DFDF0" authority="Croat (2007: 32)" authorityName="Croat" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="2007" box="[166,541,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palacioanum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93D992FD8B2408FDF0" box="[166,344,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. palacioanum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF95BEDC190DFF93D854FD8B274DFDF0" author="Croat, T. B. &amp; Whitehill, J. &amp; Yates, E" box="[352,541,590,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" pagination="23 - 37" refId="ref3728" refString="Croat, T. B., Whitehill, J. &amp; Yates, E, D. (2007) A new subsection of Anthurium section Calomystrium (Araceae) and five new species from Colombia and Ecuador. Aroideana 30: 23 - 37." type="journal article" year="2007">Croat (2007: 32)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31383BD190DFF93DB57FD8B2790FDF0" box="[611,704,590,616]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
but 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DBC0FD8B26CDFDF0" box="[756,925,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflavum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DBC0FD8B26CDFDF0" box="[756,925,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. viridiflavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C04B8AE190DFF93DD00FD8B21B6FDF0" authorityName="Croat" authorityYear="2007" box="[1076,1254,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palacioanum">
<emphasis id="B9701F3F190DFF93DD00FD8B21B6FDF0" box="[1076,1254,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="125">A. palacioanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by nomadic vine habit (vs. rupicola), cataphylls 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D8D3FDB72735FD14" box="[487,613,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="3.05" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="1.2">1.2–4.9 cm</quantity>
long persistent, intact (vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DAADFDB72681FD14" box="[921,977,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
intact with pale fibers at base, apparently deciduous), deltoid, lanceolate or trullate blades which are cuneate, subcordate or truncate at base (vs. ovate-rhombic blades which obtuse to almost truncate at base), shorter peduncles (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DA56FD7F268FFD4C" box="[866,991,698,724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="6.25" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–8.7 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DD3CFD7F211BFD4C" box="[1032,1099,698,724]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="31.0">31 cm</quantity>
long), wider spathes (
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93DC0EFD7F25FAFD60" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.645" metricValueMax="3.23" metricValueMin="2.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="2.645" valueMax="3.23" valueMin="2.06">2.06–3.23 cm</quantity>
vs. 
<quantity id="4CFC6EC8190DFF93D9ECFD1B245FFD60" box="[216,271,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
wide), ovate or ovate-elliptic, erect (vs. spathe green, oblong-lanceolate, erect-spreading to reflexed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>