248 lines
31 KiB
XML
248 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="959388FD65662D5072B84207A4862222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff300143-3581-4909-ae95-8dec768fe27a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702847" ID-ZooBank="CF37CEA8-E156-48A6-8A28-C94A294A75DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849226697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2020" docId="03DC87ABFFD1022B17E81CE7FA3F9057" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ganeriinae Sladen 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFE5FFD3FFDF0225177F1F41FFA29777" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1698726646140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E2B61DE10121921D07C76F2F65B2EF62">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D37794171A235C2D7AFE963B5C057459">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3A00E3BD621D2292003D0976E8B1622">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0ABDC8DEB080EEB15311C5AF2A91200A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B2B8E47FBB0D4A9A321F5EC59C6B9CBE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B73C95ED316EB0BC367693D905FAEE35">
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<mods:date id="85BE439E3CCB04E94E4B6DC608239FEC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7BF4BBCBE6BB8D576BEFD44A46C6E97C">4750</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFD1022B17E81CE7FA3F9057" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706283" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFD1022B17E81CE7FA3F9057" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFD1022B17E81CE7FA3F9057" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD1022B17E81CE7FE6B94B7" box="[151,457,934,960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17E81CE7FE6B94B7" blockId="14.[151,457,934,960]" box="[151,457,934,960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<heading id="D08281D1FFD1022B17E81CE7FE6B94B7" bold="true" box="[151,457,934,960]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17E81CE7FE6B94B7" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,457,934,960]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ganeriinae">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17E81CE7FE6B94B7" bold="true" box="[151,457,934,960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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Ganeriinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B16541CE7FE6B94B7" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[299,457,934,960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD1022B17E81CACFAB093CB" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17E81CACFE3D9303" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17E81CACFEB0937F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1005,1032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Abactinal plates, bearing spinelets in most taxa, primarily imbricate to reticulate, plates embedded within membrane or overlain by soft tissue. Marginal plates variably quadrate to flattened and imbricate. Paxillate in
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17E81B76FE829326" authorityName="Thiery in Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,288,1079,1105]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cuenotaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17E81B76FE829326" box="[151,288,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cuenotaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Actinal plates imbricate, embedded in tissue or abutted, but arranged in chevron-like pattern.
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<typeStatus id="54CE881FFFD1022B121A1B76FA3F9326" box="[1381,1437,1079,1105]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Type</typeStatus>
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genus is indicated by *.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17B81B3FFAB093CB" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17B81B3FFEC493EF" box="[199,358,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Included Taxa</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B16091B3FFD1593EF" authority="A. H. Clark 1939" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1939" box="[374,695,1150,1176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Aleutiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B16091B3FFE5393EF" box="[374,497,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Aleutiaster</emphasis>
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B15491B3FFD1593EF" author="Clark, A. H." box="[566,695,1150,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="497 - 500" refId="ref23051" refString="Clark, A. H. (1939). A new genus of starfishes from the Aleutian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 86 (3061), 497 - 500" type="journal article" year="1939">Clark 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B15BD1B3EFBC793EF" authority="Thiery in Koehler, 1920" authorityName="Thiery in Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[706,1125,1150,1177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cuenotaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B15BD1B3EFCE993EE" box="[706,843,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cuenotaster</emphasis>
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Thiéry in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B14BD1B3FFBC793EF" author="Koehler, R." box="[962,1125,1150,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref24710" refString="Koehler, R. (1920). Echinodermata: Asteroidea. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition C 8, 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1920">Koehler, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B130E1B3FFAF493EF" authority="Bell, 1881" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" box="[1137,1366,1150,1176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B130E1B3FFB7A93EF" box="[1137,1240,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cycethra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B13A01B3FFAF493EF" author="Bell, F. J." box="[1247,1366,1150,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref22774" refString="Bell, F. J. (1881). Account of the Echinodermata collected during the Survey of H. M. S. " Alert " in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. p. 87 - 101, p. VIII & IX." type="book chapter" year="1881">Bell, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, *
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B120E1B3EFEFA93CB" authority="Gray, 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Ganeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B120E1B3EFF7093CB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Ganeria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B17A61BE3FEFA93CB" author="Gray, J. E." box="[217,344,1186,1212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="72 - 83" refId="ref24109" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 72 - 83.," type="book chapter" year="1847">Gray, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B161C1BE3FDD993CB" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[355,635,1186,1212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Perknaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B161C1BE3FE7C93CB" box="[355,478,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Perknaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B169A1BE3FDD993CB" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[485,635,1186,1212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B15F91BE2FC3D93CB" authority="Koehler, 1907" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" box="[646,927,1186,1213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Scotiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B15F91BE2FD5493CA" box="[646,758,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Scotiaster</emphasis>
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Koehler, 1907
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B14A61BE2FAAC93CB" authority="Bernasconi, 1965" authorityName="Bernasconi" authorityYear="1965" box="[985,1294,1185,1212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Vemaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B14A61BE2FBE293CB" box="[985,1088,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Vemaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B13381BE3FAAC93CB" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[1095,1294,1185,1212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="333 - 335" refId="ref22862" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1965). Nuevo genero y nueva especie abisal de Goniasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). Physis. 25 (70), 333 - 335." type="journal article" year="1965">Bernasconi, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFD1022B17B81B84FA3F9057" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17B81B84FDDC923B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17B81B84FEED9397" bold="true" box="[199,335,1221,1248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Comments.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B16F61B87FDA69397" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[393,516,1222,1248]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
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were originally described as a subfamily within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B13331B87FAD09397" authority="(Sladen 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1100,1394,1222,1248]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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Asterinidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B13A41B87FACB9397" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[1243,1385,1222,1248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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but was later separated and elevated to family status by Fisher (1911).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B14001BABFBB59273" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[895,1047,1258,1284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref23827" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 3 (1000), 1 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 50.1293.348" type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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proceeded to include
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B12721BABFA3E9273" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[1293,1436,1258,1284]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B12721BABFA3E9273" box="[1293,1436,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B166D1A4FFE32925F" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[274,400,1294,1320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
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, which was morphologically distinct from the more typological ganeriids, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B12401A4EFA3E925E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[1343,1436,1295,1321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Ganeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B12401A4EFA3E925E" box="[1343,1436,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Ganeria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17B81A73FE8C923B" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" box="[199,302,1330,1356]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17B81A73FE8C923B" box="[199,302,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cycethra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B16A71A73FDDB923B" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[472,633,1330,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17B81A17FCA392CF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17B81A17FEE09207" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[199,322,1366,1392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
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are poorly studied outside of
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<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFD1022B15E31A17FCB69207" box="[668,788,1366,1392]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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. Some genera, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B135E1A17FB3E9207" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1057,1180,1366,1392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Perknaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B135E1A17FB3E9207" box="[1057,1180,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Perknaster</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been studied for their ecological roles (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B16AD1A3BFD4392E3" author="McClintock, J. B. & Baker, B. J. & Amsler, C. D. & Barlow, B. L." box="[466,737,1402,1429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref25418" refString="McClintock, J. B., Baker, B. J., Amsler, C. D. & Barlow, B. L. (2000) Chemotactic tube-foot responses of the spongivorous sea star Perknaster fuscus to organic extracts of sponges from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 12 (1), 41 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102000000067" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
|
McClintock
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B151E1A3AFD3792E3" box="[609,661,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2000
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but most non-Antarctic taxa (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B13FC1A3BFAB092E3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[1155,1298,1402,1428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B13FC1A3BFAB092E3" box="[1155,1298,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) are known primarily from taxonomic literature (e.g., Fisher 1911).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17B81A83FED191C3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17B81A83FD2692AB" box="[199,644,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
|
|
The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17851A83FED892AB" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[250,378,1474,1500]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B16831A83FD2392AB" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[508,641,1474,1500]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Recent molecular work in asteroid phylogeny has revealed relatively close phylogenetic relationships between the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B15EF1AA7FCB69177" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[656,788,1510,1536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B14371AA7FC649177" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[840,966,1510,1536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and more distantly the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B13AF1AA7FAFB9177" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1232,1369,1510,1536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B12181AA7FE8C9153" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B1646194BFD909153" author="Matsubara, M. & Komatsu, M. & Wada, H." box="[313,562,1546,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="785 - 793" refId="ref25306" refString="Matsubara, M., Komatsu, M. & Wada, H. (2004) Close relationship between Asterina and Solasteridae (Asteroidea) supported by both nuclear and mitochondrial gene molecular phylogenies. Zoological Science, 21, 785 - 793. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 21.785" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Matsubara
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B16C9194AFE459153" box="[438,487,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Work by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B15D5194BFC289153" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[682,906,1546,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggests a polyphyletic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B13E3194BFAB59153" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[1180,1303,1546,1572]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
with clades nestled within the greater clade containing the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B15D4196FFC92913F" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[683,816,1582,1608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The ganeriids, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B133F196FFA87913F" authority="Bell, 1881" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" box="[1088,1317,1582,1608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B133F196FFB05913F" box="[1088,1191,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cycethra</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B13D0196FFA87913F" author="Bell, F. J." box="[1199,1317,1582,1608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref22774" refString="Bell, F. J. (1881). Account of the Echinodermata collected during the Survey of H. M. S. " Alert " in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. p. 87 - 101, p. VIII & IX." type="book chapter" year="1881">Bell, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B1221196FFEDC911B" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Perknaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B1221196FFF7F911B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Perknaster</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B17991913FEDC911B" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[230,382,1618,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which more closely resemble the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CE881FFFD1022B14711912FC9C911A" box="[782,830,1619,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
|
genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B14EC1912FBD0911B" authority="Gray 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[915,1138,1618,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Ganeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B14EC1912FC52911A" box="[915,1008,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Ganeria</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B14861913FBD0911B" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1017,1138,1618,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="72 - 83" refId="ref24109" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 72 - 83.," type="book chapter" year="1847">Gray 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
form with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B13881912FA22911A" authorityName="Thiery in Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[1271,1408,1619,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cuenotaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B13881912FA22911A" box="[1271,1408,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Cuenotaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a distinct clade from the more “paxillate ganeriids” such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B14601937FC0791E7" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[799,933,1654,1680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B14601937FC0791E7" box="[799,933,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Tarachaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which is also included in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B138E1937FAD091E7" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1265,1394,1654,1680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
but on a separate clade.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFD1022B17B819FFFA3F9057" blockId="14.[151,1437,1005,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B17B819FFFDC391AF" authority="McKnight, 2001" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark & McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[199,609,1726,1752]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grangei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B17B819FFFE3991AF" box="[199,411,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Nepanthia grangei</emphasis>
|
|
McKnight, 2001
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which was reconstructed as the sister clade to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B130319FFFF70918B" authority="Fisher 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B130319FFFAEC91AF" box="[1148,1358,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Tarachaster tenuis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFD1022B122919FFFF70918B" author="Fisher, W. K." pageId="14" pageNumber="81" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref23777" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) New starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 201 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2022.201" type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, was likely misclassified and is best assigned to
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B159419A3FC20918B" box="[747,898,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B159419A3FCDC918B" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[747,894,1762,1788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Hyalinothrix</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
This group, including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B130219A3FAA1918B" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1149,1283,1762,1788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Tarachaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B130219A3FAA1918B" box="[1149,1283,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Tarachaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFD1022B124619A3FF6E9057" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFD1022B124619A3FF6E9057" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is herein designated the Hyalinothricinae, following a prior hypothesis of similarity discussed by Fisher (1911).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |