658 lines
83 KiB
XML
658 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="8AA4E62DCA162D99C135DA7CED1A9E03" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276862" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f22162d-6660-4c29-93b2-114494773023" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276862" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460241042596" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barej, Michael F., Schmitz, Andreas, Menegon, Michele, Hillers, Annika, Hinkel, Harald, Böhme, Wolfgang & Rödel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2011" docId="0397721BFFA0BC1AD79CF89CFF106930" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02772p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2772" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amietophrynus superciliaris subsp. chevalieri Mocquard 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFAE0A63FFA8BC0BD70BFFE5FFCB6A4F" masterDocTitle="Dusted off — the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698240835688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B508DC385F3806A0D0DEAFB8A238AADE">Dusted off — the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D578CC359114E5C0E15645F136104673">Barej, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6BED8F3AFCA3D7C851406C14F186CA4">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7CFE4168C86BF92A494CB4179E722B16">Menegon, Michele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DDC802FF7EDC529919DA8F09BA77D6E6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8A0BBEFDEE513951749CEA099CEC08CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="265CDF0B9746CDF8995FC5C00C462C9D">Hillers, Annika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0E36BDE52D254E38065AB715035DB44C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="385BF122C5D5D38D47CE57D1AA4EF9FC">Hinkel, Harald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1238F91365A615AB1C393A22B360C3A9">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E779627D16C6A4C88B5939CAA9E8293">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="143D27BC28439ED2E653A0B717F6348C">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="144D89B7A9816014D414590E67475701">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8C23DBBCD4207BE295E5F53817B8CDC5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4068D0E052D751A1E85C8800CECCF912">
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<mods:date id="828EA3D11759DA2FB4C5376DBADEC2BA">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AD923D9CB8C526E5968F6B0C58D1C798" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D667B0D0768038BED7C0496368094B6A">2772</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="34A6A019D26455E9B7B8EA78678D924C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BF4E10F3E3793A30D67B103D500CF683" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="846F4DFDA1DA35225954EB3183BBD0E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0397721BFFA0BC1AD79CF89CFF106930" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191920" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397721BFFA0BC1AD79CF89CFF106930" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397721BFFA0BC1AD79CF89CFF106930" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA0BC03D79CF89CFDFA6DFC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC03D79CF89CFC986DDD" blockId="8.[151,851,1912,1971]" box="[151,851,1912,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0C97461FFA0BC03D79CF89CFC986DDD" bold="true" box="[151,851,1912,1939]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D79CF89CFC986DDD" ID-CoL="5FK7S" authority="Mocquard, 1908" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,851,1912,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D79CF89CFC986DDD" bold="true" box="[151,851,1912,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D79CF89CFDA76DDC" bold="true" box="[151,620,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amietophrynus superciliaris chevalieri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D570F89DFC806DDD" author="Mocquard" box="[635,843,1912,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Mocquard, M. F. (1908) Description de quelques reptiles et d'un batracien nouveaux de la collection du museum. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 14, 259 - 262." type="journal article" year="1908">Mocquard, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC03D79CF87EFDFA6DFC" blockId="8.[151,851,1912,1971]" box="[151,561,1947,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D79CF87EFF286DFC" box="[151,227,1947,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D7FAF87EFECB6DFC" box="[241,256,1947,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
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a, 4a, 6a–d, 7a, 8a–d, 9a–h.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA0BC01D79CF83BFE2B6DDF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC01D79CF83BFE2B6DDF" blockId="8.[151,901,2014,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1912,2009]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D79CF83BFE296DBB" ID-CoL="NP39" authority="Mocquard, 1908" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,482,2014,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevalieri">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D79CF83BFEF96DBB" box="[151,306,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bufo chevalieri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D633F83BFE296DBB" author="Mocquard" box="[312,482,2014,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Mocquard, M. F. (1908) Description de quelques reptiles et d'un batracien nouveaux de la collection du museum. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 14, 259 - 262." type="journal article" year="1908">Mocquard, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 14: 262
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA2BC01D79CF89CFEFE6DDE" bold="true" box="[151,309,1912,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA2BC01D79CF89CFF196DDE" box="[151,210,1913,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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“
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA2BC01D64DF89DFE1A6DDF" box="[326,465,1912,1936]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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”.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF419385FFA1BC02D79CF87AFD286DBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA1BC02D79CF87AFD286DBD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1951,2035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA1BC02D79CF87AFEDF6DFB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1951,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid):
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA1BC02D79CF85BFE796D9B" box="[151,434,1982,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA1BC02D79CF85BFE796D9B" box="[151,434,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(a; photo: C. Brede);
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA1BC02D586F85AFCF56D9B" box="[653,830,1982,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA1BC02D586F85AFCF56D9B" box="[653,830,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(b);
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA1BC02D465F85AFC3B6D9B" box="[878,1008,1982,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA1BC02D465F85AFC3B6D9B" box="[878,1008,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. channingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA1BC02D4FEF85BFB8E6D9C" bold="true" box="[1013,1093,1982,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA1BC02D4FEF85BFB8E6D9C" box="[1013,1093,1982,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF419385FFA2BC01D79CF91DFD5F6D03" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA2BC01D79CF91DFD5F6D03" blockId="10.[151,1437,1784,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA2BC01D79CF91DFED96D41" bold="true" box="[151,274,1784,1807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Colour pattern in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA2BC01D6C7F91DFCC96D41" box="[460,770,1784,1807]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA2BC01D6C7F91DFCC96D41" box="[460,770,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA2BC00D7CCF879FB5A6810" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA2BC00D7CCF879FD7B6B70" blockId="10.[151,1436,1912,2009]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA2BC01D7CCF879FE706DFA" bold="true" box="[199,443,1948,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA2BC01D6C6F878FDE96DFB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[461,546,1949,1972]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN</collectionCode>
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1908.0033 (
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<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA2BC01D5CEF879FCE06DFB" box="[709,811,1948,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, juvenile)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA2BC01D4BCF878FB826DFB" box="[951,1097,1948,1973]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, locality unknown;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA2BC01D24DF878FA576DFB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1350,1436,1949,1972]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN</collectionCode>
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1979.6148-50 (male +
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<specimenCount id="9D380884FFA2BC01D6A8F825FDDE6D97" box="[419,533,1984,2008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA2BC01D52CF825FDB06D97" box="[551,635,1984,2008]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, Nimba;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA2BC01D5E3F824FCF56D97" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[744,830,1985,2008]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN</collectionCode>
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1980.1277 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA2BC01D33FF824FB756D97" box="[1076,1214,1984,2009]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, locality unknown;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D79CFF7DFF266AE0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,237,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectionCode>
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1989.4045 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D6DCFF72FDE06AE0" box="[471,555,151,175]" name="Liberia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, Mt. Tocadeh;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D5DAFF7DFCEC6AE0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[721,807,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
9026 (female)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D4D9FF72FBED6AE0" box="[978,1062,151,175]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, locality unknown;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D20AFF7DFA846AE0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1281,1359,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
31801 (male)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D7E3FF59FEFF6A9B" box="[232,308,188,212]" name="Ghana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, locality unknown;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D51FFF58FDA96A9B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[532,610,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
56292 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D426FF59FC4A6A9B" box="[813,897,188,212]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sérédou, Forêt de Ziama;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D3BEFF58FAC86A9B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1205,1283,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
60724 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D7D8FF3AFEEC6AB8" box="[211,295,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sérédou, Forêt de Ziama;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D568FF05FD7A6AB8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[611,689,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
66282 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D48BFF3AFC1F6AB8" box="[896,980,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sérédou, Forêt de Ziama;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D21BFF05FA876AB8" box="[1296,1356,224,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
74320 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D606FEE1FEAB6B53" box="[269,352,260,284]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Déré Classified Forest;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D576FEE0FD726B53" box="[637,697,261,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
74321 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D48CFEE1FC106B53" box="[903,987,260,284]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Diécké Classified Forest;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D21BFEE0FA876B53" box="[1296,1356,261,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
74322 (juvenile)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D600FEC2FE946B70" box="[267,351,295,319]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mont Béro Classified Forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFEA9FB5A6810" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7CEFEA9FEF26B2B" bold="true" box="[197,313,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA3BC00D7CEFEA9FEFF6B2B" box="[197,308,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA3BC00D67FFEA9FE1D6B2B" box="[372,470,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D6F5FEA9FCF16B2B" box="[510,826,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D6F5FEA9FCF16B2B" box="[510,826,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFA3BC00D442FEA9FC6B6B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[841,928,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
1908.0033) is a juvenile (SUL:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D21BFEA9FABD6B2B" box="[1296,1398,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in poor condition. The skin is bleached and thinned, eyes and eyelids sunken, colouration not recognizable (neither on flanks nor on dorsum any visible pattern) and a long cut on the right flank opened the guts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA3BC00D3AEFE71FB396BE3" box="[1189,1266,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[378,1208,1094,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[378,1208,1094,1876]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (Mocquard, 1908) MNHN 1908.033 in dorsal (a) and ventral view (b; scale bar: 10 mm.); details of hand (c) and foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276870/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a, b). Nonetheless, the shape of the eyelid is recognizable. The eyelids are rounded in dorsal view and not thickened medially, thus not forming a triangular prolongation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA3BC00D589FE39FD0D6BBB" box="[642,710,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,989,1012]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,968]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,968]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid: a) holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a: MNHN 1908.033); syntype of A. laevissimus (b: ZSM 148 - 1989.1); syntype of A. s. superciliaris (c: BM 1947.2.21.42; photo C. McCarthy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276869/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Skin on hand and feet are shrunken, hence, webbing between toes hardly visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA3BC00D67EFE1AFE0F6858" box="[373,452,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[378,1208,1094,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[378,1208,1094,1876]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (Mocquard, 1908) MNHN 1908.033 in dorsal (a) and ventral view (b; scale bar: 10 mm.); details of hand (c) and foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276870/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c, d). Measures of characters which are accessible: head width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D380FE1AFB386858" box="[1163,1267,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; parotid length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D79CFDC1FF3B6873" box="[151,240,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D620FDC1FE4C6873" box="[299,391,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of first finger 4.0 mm; length of third finger
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D4E6FDC1FB826873" box="[1005,1097,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; femur length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D3F8FDC1FA976873" box="[1267,1372,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tibia length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D7EFFDA2FE806810" box="[228,331,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of shortest toe
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D542FDA2FD6A6810" box="[585,673,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length of inner metatarsal tubercle
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D338FDA2FB476810" box="[1075,1164,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA3BC00D7CEFD8EFB906F7A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFD8EFC2A6883" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7CEFD8EFEF468CB" bold="true" box="[197,319,619,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Genetically the taxon belongs to the African toad genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D4CBFD89FAF468CB" authority="Frost et al. 2006" authorityName="Frost et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[960,1343,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D4CBFD89FBA268CB" box="[960,1129,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA3BC00D37CFD89FAFC68CB" author="Frost" box="[1143,1335,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Frost, D., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D3B0FD88FB2768CB" box="[1211,1260,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA3BC00D241FD89FAA268CB" box="[1354,1385,620,644]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D7E8FD75FDE968E7" box="[227,546,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7E8FD75FDE968E7" box="[227,546,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species complex, the taxon differs from all other members of the genus by a smooth dorsal skin in adult specimens, straight loreal region and large size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFD3DFEA369EB" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Large toad; dorsal skin smooth in adults, granular in juveniles; body shape very broad, ovoid; tympanum distinct, drop-shaped, smaller than eye diameter; parotids prominent, shape of parotids like broad drop, width of parotid glands slightly reduced posteriorly, posterior part of parotid glands rounded; eyelid rounded in dorsal view, slender in lateral view, triangular prolongation absent; posterior part of back with dark colouration, thus different from anterior part; pair of spots on posterior part of back absent; extremities slender; males with nuptial swellings on fingers I and II.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFC55FE2B6F5E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D7CEFC55FEA76987" box="[197,364,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7CEFC55FEA76987" box="[197,364,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the nominal subspecies by the following characters: shape of the eyelid (with the exception of few juveniles) being rounded and of equal width along the eye in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D3AFFC31FA8669A3" box="[1188,1357,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D3AFFC31FA8669A3" box="[1188,1357,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of triangular shape and prolonged in the middle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D5A7FC1DFCBB6E5F" box="[684,880,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D5A7FC1DFCBB6E5F" box="[684,880,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA3BC00D474FC12FC066E40" box="[895,973,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a, b); the eyelid width / eye diameter ratio is significantly higher in the nominal subspecies (Kruskal-Wallis-test; p <0.01, N A.s.c.= 7, 0.20–0.33, x= 0.24 ± 0.05 sd; N A.s.s.= 28, 0.24–0.39, x= 0.32 ± 0.04; H= 12.28); palmar tubercles being more prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D3B5FBA6FAAE6E14" box="[1214,1381,1091,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D3B5FBA6FAAE6E14" box="[1214,1381,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7B8FB8CFEB46ECE" box="[179,383,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D7B8FB8CFEB26ECE" box="[179,377,1129,1153]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">A. s. superciliaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
parotid glands being usually rounded at the posterior tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D313FB8CFB746ECE" box="[1048,1215,1129,1153]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D313FB8CFB746ECE" box="[1048,1215,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and pointed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D260FB8CFEE86EE9" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D260FB8CFEE86EE9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; posterior part of the back in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D564FB6BFCDC6EE9" box="[623,791,1166,1190]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D564FB6BFCDC6EE9" box="[623,791,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coloured darker (a triangular shaped figure, pointing cranially) than the anterior part of the dorsum, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D5A1FB54FCBA6E86" box="[682,881,1201,1225]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D5A1FB54FCBA6E86" box="[682,881,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
back of uniform colouration (generally pale yellowish); in addition, a pair of abdominal spots present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D41BFB33FC1F6EA1" box="[784,980,1238,1262]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D41BFB33FC1F6EA1" box="[784,980,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exceptionally lacking one or even both) and absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D639FB1CFE116F5E" box="[306,474,1273,1297]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D639FB1CFE116F5E" box="[306,474,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFAFBFB906F7A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" box="[197,1115,1309,1334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
For characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D51AFAFBFD726F79" box="[529,697,1310,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D51AFAFBFD726F79" box="[529,697,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D5E4FAFBFCB56F79" box="[751,894,1310,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D5E4FAFBFCB56F79" box="[751,894,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D48EFAFBFC146F79" bold="true" box="[901,991,1310,1334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA3BC00D48EFAFBFC146F79" box="[901,991,1310,1334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA3BC06D7CEFAA4FB786DF7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA3BC00D7CEFAA4FAD86DF2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D7CEFAA4FE9C6F15" bold="true" box="[197,343,1345,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA3BC00D6A6FAA4FD9C6F16" box="[429,599,1345,1369]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D6A6FAA4FD9C6F16" box="[429,599,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with very broad body shape; females being larger than males (SUL in males:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA3BC00D7E2FA80FE616F32" box="[233,426,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.376" metricValueMin="1.164" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="127.0" valueMax="137.6" valueMin="116.4">116.4–137.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, in females: 130.6–156.0 mm); mean head width similar in both sexes, in males 41% of SUL, in females 40%; snout in lateral view straight or marginally rounded; head without bony ridges; canthus rostralis distinct, angular; loreal region slightly concave; distance eye-snout similar to eye diameter; nares closer to snout tip than eye; eyelid in adult specimens rounded in dorsal view; eyelid of almost identical width along the eye in lateral view, without a process in the middle (only MNHN 9026 possesses a very slight angular shaped eyelid; see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA3BC00D7F1F9FCFEF46C7E" box="[250,319,1561,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1397,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
d); tympanum more or less distinct, positioned at the concave cheek region; tympanum vertically prolonged and drop shaped, its horizontal diameter smaller than eye-diameter; dorsal skin smooth in adults, warty in juveniles; parotid glands very prominent, drop or bean shaped, width slightly diminishing backwards, usually with rounded posterior tip (mean parotid length / parotid width ratio in males: 2.86, in females: 3.00); parotid pattern bicoloured, ventral part coloured like flanks, dorsal part like back, both colours separated by sharp angle; parotid gland openings on upper part, sometimes reaching parotid angle; fingers and toes simple, not enlarged at the end; subarticular tubercles simple; relative length of fingers: III> I> II ≥ IV (mean length of finger I / length of finger III ratio in both sexes 96%); manual webbing absent; extremities slender in comparison to body; mean tibia length 39% of SUL in males, 37% in females; inner and outer metatarsal tubercle present; relative toe length: IV> III> V> II> I; webbing rudimentary: 1 (0.5) or 1 (0), 2 (1-0.5) or 2 (1-0), 3 (2-1), 4 (2.75-2.75) or 4 (3-3), 5 (1); tarsal fold absent; males in breeding condition with hypertrophied forearms and nuptial swellings on fingers I and II; juveniles with smaller and fewer warts on back than Central African specimens (Rödel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA3BC00D380F842FB776DF1" box="[1163,1212,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFA4BC07D79CF8F3FB156DAB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276866/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[221,1360,195,1783]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA4BC07D79CF8F3FB156DAB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1814,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D79CF8F3FEDE6D64" bold="true" box="[151,277,1814,1837]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Pattern of head markings in juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D5AAF8F3FC0A6D63" box="[673,961,1814,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D5AAF8F3FC0A6D63" box="[673,961,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D4DBF8F2FB4D6D63" box="[976,1158,1814,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D4DBF8F2FB4D6D63" box="[976,1158,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D3B7F8F2FA8B6D63" box="[1212,1344,1814,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D3B7F8F2FA8B6D63" box="[1212,1344,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D242F8F2FA506D63" bold="true" box="[1353,1435,1815,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA4BC07D242F8F2FA506D63" box="[1353,1435,1815,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D454F8D0FC336D04" box="[863,1016,1845,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D454F8D0FC336D04" box="[863,1016,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D264F8D0FEDD6D26" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D264F8D0FEDD6D26" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA4BC07D55BF855FD196D8A" box="[592,722,1967,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D55BF855FD196D8A" box="[592,722,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA4BC07D5DCF855FCE36D8A" bold="true" box="[727,808,1968,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA4BC07D5DCF855FCE36D8A" box="[727,808,1968,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFA5BC06D79CFB1AFCA36F7B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276867/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1257]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA5BC06D79CFB1AFCA36F7B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1279,1332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D79CFB1AFED96F5A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1279,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA5BC06D527FB1AFCAA6F5A" box="[556,865,1279,1302]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D527FB1AFCAA6F5A" box="[556,865,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in order left to right, top: BMNH 1947.2.21.41-45; bottom: BMNH 1947.2.21.46-49; scale bar: 10 mm; photo: C. McCarthy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA5BC06D7CEFA85FDE76C3A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1376,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D7CEFA85FE966F36" bold="true" box="[197,349,1376,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum pattern yellowish, extending from the tip of the snout, along the upper side of the parotids backwards to the vent region; posteriormost back region with darker marking, brownish or purple-blackish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA5BC06D794FA4DFF286F8F" box="[159,227,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1397,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral colouration ranging from tip of snout, below the canthus rostralis and along the flanks to the groins: dark purple, purple-brownish or intense red colour; ventral colouration reddish; extremities dark purple; inguinal region with small spots; gular region coloured like venter; anterior extremities dark purple below; juveniles orange or light brown on dorsum; flanks in juveniles generally reddish or purple, sometimes greyish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA5BC06D3B6F9F0FAC06C62" box="[1213,1291,1557,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1397,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c, f); juveniles often with distinct white transversal bars on upper hind limbs and feet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA5BC06D4E1F9DDFBF36C1F" box="[1002,1080,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1397,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
c, h); juvenile interorbital marking a single V-shaped spot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA5BC06D6C7F9B8FDDA6C3A" box="[460,529,1629,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[221,1360,195,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1377,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276866/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA5BC06D7CEF965FB0A6CAF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1376,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D7CEF965FDD36CD6" bold="true" box="[197,536,1664,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colouration in preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimens may loose their colouration, turning brownish. However, a clear differentiation between the lateral and dorsal colouration is usually still recognizable. The darker posterior part of the back is recognizable in only few preserved specimens, as the whole back turns dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA5BC06D7CEF908FB786DF7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1376,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D7CEF908FE4F6D4A" bold="true" box="[197,388,1772,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA5BC06D687F908FD0C6D4A" box="[396,711,1773,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D687F908FD0C6D4A" box="[396,711,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits primary forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA5BC06D4E1F908FB3D6D4A" author="Guibe" box="[1002,1270,1773,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="29" refString="Guibe, J. & Lamotte, M. (1958) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius). Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 53, 241 - 273." type="journal article" year="1958">Guibé & Lamotte 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA5BC06D208F908FA5C6D4A" author="Bohme" box="[1283,1431,1773,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Bohme, W. (1994) Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost-Guineas, Westafrika I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. herpetofauna, 16 (92), 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1994">Böhme 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rödel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D7E9F8F7FEDF6D66" box="[226,276,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004). In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA5BC06D519F8F4FD136D66" box="[530,728,1809,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D519F8F4FD136D66" box="[530,728,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA5BC06D414F8F4FC026D66" box="[799,969,1809,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D414F8F4FC026D66" box="[799,969,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to expel loud calls during the breeding season (I. Herbinger in Rödel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D55FF8D3FD4E6D02" box="[596,645,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004). Unfortunately no recordings are available. Rödel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA5BC06D21AF8D3FA816D02" box="[1297,1354,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004) report on juveniles and subadults along large rivers in primary forests in November / December in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA5BC06D3E9F8BDFAF86D3F" box="[1250,1331,1880,1904]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(dry season).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA5BC06D7DDF898FEB16DDA" author="Bohme" box="[214,378,1917,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Bohme, W. (1994) Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost-Guineas, Westafrika I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. herpetofauna, 16 (92), 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1994">Böhme (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
finds freshly metamorphosed and still smooth skinned juveniles in October, at the end of the rainy season in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA5BC06D64DF845FE5C6DF7" box="[326,407,1952,1976]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA5BC06D6C6F845FD196DF7" box="[461,722,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="29" refString="Hillers, A. & Rodel, M. - O. (2007) The amphibians of three national forests in Liberia, West Africa. Salamandra, 43, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Hillers & Rödel (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention juveniles in December in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA5BC06D350F845FB7B6DF7" box="[1115,1200,1952,1976]" name="Liberia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFA6BC05D79CF90DFD776D74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276868/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[191,1396,193,1747]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA6BC05D79CF90DFD776D74" blockId="14.[151,1436,1768,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D79CF90DFED96CB1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1768,1791]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA6BC05D68EF90DFD6A6CB1" box="[389,673,1768,1791]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D68EF90DFD6A6CB1" box="[389,673,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Monts Nimba, Guinea (a); Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b); Déré Forest Reserve, Guinea (c); Mont Béro, Guinea (d); habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA6BC05D5F2F8EDFC6C6D52" box="[761,935,1799,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D5F2F8EDFC6C6D52" box="[761,935,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. s superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Cross River National Park, Nigeria (e); Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon (f, g: photos: V. Gvoždík).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFA6BC1AD7CEF88DFC8568CB" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA6BC05D7CEF88DFA506DA3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1896,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D7CEF88DFE956DCE" bold="true" box="[197,350,1896,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA6BC05D66EF88DFD546DCF" box="[357,671,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D66EF88DFD546DCF" box="[357,671,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly usually referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA6BC05D307F88DFB7C6DCF" box="[1036,1207,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D307F88DFB7C6DCF" box="[1036,1207,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is known from forests in Upper
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D63AF869FE4D6DEB" box="[305,390,1932,1956]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. At present the taxon is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D42BF869FCBA6DEB" box="[800,881,1932,1956]" name="Liberia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D474F869FBBE6DEB" author="Hillers" box="[895,1141,1932,1956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" refString="Hillers, A. & Rodel, M. - O. (2007) The amphibians of three national forests in Liberia, West Africa. Salamandra, 43, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2007">Hillers & Rödel 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D383F869FADC6DEB" box="[1160,1303,1932,1956]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this paper;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA6BC05D79CF855FF2E6D87" box="[151,229,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA6BC05D7F8F855FED96D87" box="[243,274,1968,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D62CF855FEB36D87" box="[295,376,1968,1992]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D68CF855FD596D87" author="Guibe" box="[391,658,1968,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" refString="Guibe, J. & Lamotte, M. (1958) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius). Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 53, 241 - 273." type="journal article" year="1958">Guibé & Lamotte 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D595F855FCBA6D87" author="Bohme" box="[670,881,1968,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" refString="Bohme, W. (1994) Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost-Guineas, Westafrika I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. herpetofauna, 16 (92), 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Böhme
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D5FDF854FCE36D87" box="[758,808,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D476F855FB6B6D87" author="Rodel" box="[893,1184,1968,1993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="30" refString="Rodel, M. - O. & Bangoura, M. A. (2004 a) A conservation assessment of amphibians in the Foret Cassee du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology, 17, 201 - 232." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">Rödel & Bangoura 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D3A7F855FB766D87" author="Rodel" box="[1196,1213,1968,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="30" refString="Rodel, M. - O. & Bangoura, M. (2004 b) Rapid survey of amphibians and reptiles in the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Guinea. In: McCullough, J. (Ed.): A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, South-eastern Republic of Guinea / Une Evaluation Biologique Rapide de la Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Chaine du Simandou, Guinee. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35, Conservation International, Washington D. C., 51 - 60 + appendices 3 - 5, 232 - 237." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rödel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D21FF854FA866D87" box="[1300,1357,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D79CF830FED66DA3" box="[151,285,2004,2029]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D627F831FE2C6DA3" author="Mocquard" box="[300,487,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="30" refString="Mocquard, M. F. (1908) Description de quelques reptiles et d'un batracien nouveaux de la collection du museum. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 14, 259 - 262." type="journal article" year="1908">Mocquard 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D6F8F830FD786DA3" author="Ernst" box="[499,691,2004,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" refString="Ernst, R., Linsenmair, K. E. & Rodel, M. - O. (2006) Diversity erosion beyond the species level: Dramatic loss of functional diversity after selective logging in two tropical amphibian communities. Biological Conservation, 133, 143 - 155." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Ernst
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA6BC05D53CF833FDBA6DA2" box="[567,625,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA6BC05D5F8F831FCF66DA3" box="[755,829,2004,2028]" name="Ghana" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D447F831FC236DA3" author="Schiotz" box="[844,1000,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="31" refString="Schiotz, A. (1964) A preliminary list of amphibians collected in Ghana. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Kobenhavn, 127, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1964">Schiøtz 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D4FFF831FB446DA3" author="Hughes" box="[1012,1167,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" refString="Hughes, B. (1988) Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa). British Herpetological Society Bulletin, 25, 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="1988">Hughes 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA6BC05D390F831FA456DA3" author="Rodel" box="[1179,1422,2004,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="30" refString="Rodel, M. - O. & Agyei, A. C. (2003) Amphibians of the Togo-Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra, 39, 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel & Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFA7BC04D79CFC38FAA86E5D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276869/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1436,193,968]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA7BC04D79CFC38FAA86E5D" blockId="15.[151,1436,989,1042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D79CFC38FED869BC" bold="true" box="[151,275,989,1012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid: a) holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA7BC04D498FC3BFB7A69BB" box="[915,1201,990,1012]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D498FC3BFB7A69BB" box="[915,1201,990,1012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: MNHN 1908.033); syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA7BC04D60CFC18FE526E5D" box="[263,409,1020,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D60CFC18FE526E5D" box="[263,409,1020,1042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. laevissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b: ZSM 148-1989.1); syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA7BC04D5FEFC18FC6C6E5D" box="[757,935,1020,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D5FEFC18FC6C6E5D" box="[757,935,1020,1042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c: BM 1947.2.21.42; photo C. McCarthy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFA7BC04D79CF88FFD576DD0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276870/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[378,1208,1094,1876]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA7BC04D79CF88FFD576DD0" blockId="15.[151,1436,1898,1951]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D79CF88FFEDF6DCF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1898,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA7BC04D6ABF88FFC4A6DCE" authority="Mocquard, 1908" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1908" box="[416,897,1898,1921]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA7BC04D6ABF88FFD756DCF" box="[416,702,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
(Mocquard, 1908)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MNHN 1908.033 in dorsal (a) and ventral view (b; scale bar: 10 mm.); details of hand (c) and foot (d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFB8BC1BD79CF87DFBC56DA4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB8BC1BD79CF87DFBC56DA4" blockId="16.[151,1437,1944,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB8BC1BD79CF87DFEDE6DE1" bold="true" box="[151,277,1944,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB8BC1BD6D2F87DFD316DE1" box="[473,762,1944,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB8BC1BD6D2F87DFD316DE1" box="[473,762,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD79CFF72FF2E6B2B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD79CFF72FEAD6AE0" box="[151,358,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Bailo, D., Alphonse, N. & Gu, Y. (2009) An inventory of biodiversity in the Badiar National Park, Guinea Conakry: Implication for conservation. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 948 - 951." type="journal article">
|
||
Bailo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7D0FF7CFEC66AFF" box="[219,269,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD693FF7DFD896AFF" box="[408,578,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD693FF7DFD896AFF" box="[408,578,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD579FF7DFCD56AFF" box="[626,798,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD579FF7DFCD56AFF" box="[626,798,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for the Badiar National Park in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD3F6FF72FA9A6AE0" box="[1277,1361,151,175]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, this area seems not suitable for the toad and the occurrence of the species is thus very unlikely. Other species names mentioned in this paper indicate further misidentifications. Hence, the locality has not been considered in the overall distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFB9BC1AD6ACFEE1FE226B53" box="[423,489,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to Segniagbeto
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD43BFEE0FCA96B53" box="[816,866,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006) the species should be deleted from the list of possible species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD692FECDFE1D6B0F" box="[409,470,296,320]" name="Togo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD6E8FECDFCE96B0F" box="[483,802,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD6E8FECDFCE96B0F" box="[483,802,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amietophrynus s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hence a strict endemic of the Upper Guinean forest region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEFE95FC8568CB" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7CEFE95FE836BC7" bold="true" box="[197,328,368,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD644FE95FE306BC7" box="[335,507,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD644FE95FE306BC7" box="[335,507,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bufo chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD40AFE8AFC0D6BC8" author="Mocquard" box="[769,966,367,391]" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refString="Mocquard, M. F. (1908) Description de quelques reptiles et d'un batracien nouveaux de la collection du museum. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 14, 259 - 262." type="journal article" year="1908">Mocquard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD33DFE95FB776BC8" box="[1078,1212,367,392]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD269FE95FF296BE3" author="Frost" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" refString="Frost, D. (2010) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.4 (8 April, 2010). Electronic Database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / vz / herpetology / amphibia / American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA." type="journal article" year="2010">Frost (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD7E3FE71FEBD6BE3" box="[232,374,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7E3FE71FEBD6BE3" box="[232,374,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD5B3FE71FCA96BE3" box="[696,866,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD5B3FE71FCA96BE3" box="[696,866,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD487FE71FB4F6BE3" author="Tandy" box="[908,1156,404,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" refString="Tandy, M. & Keith, R. (1972) Evidence from osteology. In: Blair, W. F. (Ed.) Evolution in the genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Dallas, 119 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1972">Tandy & Keith (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
without comment. However, already
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD63BFE52FD806B80" author="Guibe" box="[304,587,439,463]" pageId="17" pageNumber="29" refString="Guibe, J. & Lamotte, M. (1958) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius). Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 53, 241 - 273." type="journal article" year="1958">Guibé & Lamotte (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report that their examination of the juvenile
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFB9BC1AD347FE5DFBB76B9F" box="[1100,1148,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD3AFFE5DFAFE6B9F" box="[1188,1333,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD3AFFE5DFAFE6B9F" box="[1188,1333,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that it corresponds to a juvenile specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD596FE39FC996BBB" box="[669,850,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD596FE39FC856BBB" box="[669,846,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">A. superciliaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFB9BC1AD484FE38FC746BBA" box="[911,959,477,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD4E2FE39FB5E6BBB" box="[1001,1173,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD4E2FE39FB5E6BBB" box="[1001,1173,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD28FFE39FEE86857" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD28FFE39FEE86857" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only by the lack of the palpebral process, which however is often lacking in juveniles of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD23DFDE5FF2D6873" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD23DFDE5FF2D6873" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD6BCFDC1FC8A6873" author="Guibe" box="[439,833,548,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="29" refString="Guibe, J. & Lamotte, M. (1958) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius). Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 53, 241 - 273." type="journal article" year="1958">Guibé & Lamotte 1958; this paper</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD32BFDC1FB646873" box="[1056,1199,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD32BFDC1FB646873" box="[1056,1199,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD3FBFDC1FA506873" box="[1264,1435,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD3FBFDC1FA506873" box="[1264,1435,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been accepted in later publications (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD592FDADFCEA6810" author="Perret" box="[665,801,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. (1966) Les amphibiens du Cameroun. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 8, 289 - 464." type="journal article" year="1966">Perret 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD424FDA2FBE96810" author="Tandy" box="[815,1058,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" refString="Tandy, M. & Keith, R. (1972) Evidence from osteology. In: Blair, W. F. (Ed.) Evolution in the genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Dallas, 119 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1972">Tandy & Keith 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the two taxa are distinctly different in morphology (see Diagnosis section above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFB9BC1AD7CCFD75FF106930" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CCFD75FF106930" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7CCFD75FEBB68E7" bold="true" box="[199,368,656,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ethnozoology.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD513FD6AFD7768E8" author="Bohme" box="[536,700,655,679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" refString="Bohme, W. (1994) Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost-Guineas, Westafrika I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. herpetofauna, 16 (92), 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1994">Böhme (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
locals believe the toad to be dangerous. This fear also exists in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD639FD51FE0F6883" box="[306,452,692,716]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where some people believe that this toad is evil and can kill people or at least cause disease to people who are close when it opens its mouth and exhales its evil breath. According to a widespread belief of non-related Upper Guinean ethnic groups the toad gives birth to the rainbow. These tales are known from Malinké people in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD67BFCFAFE0F6978" box="[368,452,799,823]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Oubi and Gueré people in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD4A8FCC4FBE36978" box="[931,1064,799,825]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD332FCFAFAA86978" author="Rodel" box="[1081,1379,799,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refString="Rodel, M. - O. & Bangoura, M. (2004 b) Rapid survey of amphibians and reptiles in the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Guinea. In: McCullough, J. (Ed.): A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, South-eastern Republic of Guinea / Une Evaluation Biologique Rapide de la Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Chaine du Simandou, Guinee. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35, Conservation International, Washington D. C., 51 - 60 + appendices 3 - 5, 232 - 237." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Rödel & Bangoura 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from different ethnic groups in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD6FEFCA1FD8D6913" box="[501,582,836,860]" name="Liberia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD570FCA1FCC46913" box="[635,783,836,860]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the latter two countries the toad is also called “rainbow toad”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |