226 lines
23 KiB
XML
226 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F0F285D04A47C1A0504ABBF48C65261F">A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) - Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FDAD98B8667C1951BC8898ECD45C1B8">Gibbs, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E5418FF4D9B792EF62B0B1854A45A1D8">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CA2497865B20F39D5E03E4A5AB4ABBC7">
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<mods:date id="B79CD6444347116B9F168DB1EED22458">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7768104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212472370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7768104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF214C82FDAD3F9FD697E1BD" box="[583,1004,647,674]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FDAD3F9FD697E1BD" blockId="153.[583,1004,647,674]" box="[583,1004,647,674]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="3D6181EBFF214C82FDAD3F9FD697E1BD" box="[583,1004,647,674]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FDAD3F9FD697E1BD" ID-CoL="BDPD2" authority="(Brunetti, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[583,1004,647,674]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Apolysis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FDAD3F9FD653E1BD" bold="true" box="[583,808,647,674]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Apolysis sedophila</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF214C82FCDD3F90D69FE1BD" author="Brunetti E." box="[823,996,648,674]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="211 - 230" refId="ref73953" refString="Brunetti E. 1909. New Indian Leptidae and Bombyliidae with a note on Comastes osten Sacken, v. Heterostylum Macquart. Records of the Indian Museum 3: 211 - 230." type="journal article" year="1909">Brunetti, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF214C82FF573FD0D719E1FE" box="[189,610,711,737]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573FD0D719E1FE" blockId="153.[189,610,711,737]" box="[189,610,711,737]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468611A9FF214C82FF573FD0D719E1FE" box="[189,610,711,737]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<treatmentCitation id="E7371096FF214C82FF573FD0D725E1FE" author="Brunetti E." box="[189,606,711,737]" page="227" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FF573FD0D725E1FE" ID-CoL="7F39J" authority="Brunetti, 1909: 227" authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,606,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF573FD0D415E1FE" box="[189,366,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Usia sedophila</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF214C82FE9F3FDFD725E1FE" author="Brunetti E." box="[373,606,711,737]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="211 - 230" refId="ref73953" refString="Brunetti E. 1909. New Indian Leptidae and Bombyliidae with a note on Comastes osten Sacken, v. Heterostylum Macquart. Records of the Indian Museum 3: 211 - 230." type="journal article" year="1909">Brunetti, 1909: 227</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF214C82FF573E1FD44FE79D" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573E1FD417E03F" blockId="153.[189,364,774,801]" box="[189,364,774,801]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="3D6181EBFF214C82FF573E1FD417E03F" bold="true" box="[189,364,774,801]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF573E1FD417E03F" bold="true" box="[189,364,774,801]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Type material</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF003E2BD421E052" blockId="153.[189,1399,819,979]" box="[234,346,819,845]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF003E2BD421E052" bold="true" box="[234,346,819,845]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FF003E2BD421E052" box="[234,346,819,845]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573E4DD44FE0CC" blockId="153.[189,1399,819,979]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<materialsCitation id="D6FE3CDAFF214C82FF573E4DD44BE0CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4401245475" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="India" determinerName="J. E. Chainey" elevation="2134" location="INDIA" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF214C82FF573E4DD475E070" box="[189,270,853,879]" name="India" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF214C82FED53E4DD4F5E070" box="[319,398,853,879]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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; “
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FE583E4DD76FE070" box="[434,532,853,879]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FDF73E4ED6C6E070" authority="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityYear="1909" box="[541,957,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FDF73E4ED7A1E070" box="[541,730,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Usia sedophila</emphasis>
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Brunetti, Cotype
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Syntype
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FBD63E4ED00CE070" authority="Brunetti." authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityYear="1909" box="[1084,1399,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FBD63E4ED187E070" box="[1084,1276,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Usia sedophila</emphasis>
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Brunetti.
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</taxonomicName>
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det.
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<determinerName id="93F5DA43FF214C82FF1E3E6FD4F5E08F" box="[244,398,886,913]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">J.E. Chainey</determinerName>
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1986/[leg.] Annandale, Simla, Alt. 7000ft., 16 May [19]09/On flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FAC23E6ED448E0AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Sedum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosulatum">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FAC23E6ED448E0AE" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Sedum rosulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/Recd. in exch., from, Indian Museum., Calcutta., 1910-14/
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FBC93E80D05DE0AD" authority="Brun" authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityYear="1909" box="[1059,1318,919,946]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FBC93E80D1A7E0AE" box="[1059,1244,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Usia sedophila</emphasis>
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Brun
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</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF214C82FADF3E80D02BE0AD" box="[1333,1360,920,946]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF214C82FABA3E80D018E0AD" box="[1360,1379,920,946]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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”;
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<collectionCode id="0087AE42FF214C82FF573EA1D44BE0CC" box="[189,304,953,979]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573EE0D482E70D" blockId="153.[189,505,1016,1042]" box="[189,505,1016,1042]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="3D6181EBFF214C82FF573EE0D482E70D" bold="true" box="[189,505,1016,1042]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF573EE0D482E70D" bold="true" box="[189,505,1016,1042]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Other material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF57393DD44FE79D" blockId="153.[189,1399,1060,1154]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<materialsCitation id="D6FE3CDAFF214C82FF57393DD44BE79D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4401245499" collectingDate="1916-05-21" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="J. Bowden Coll." country="India" county="Simla Hills" elevation="1373" location="On" municipality="Kufri" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
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<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF214C82FF57393DD475E720" box="[189,270,1061,1087]" name="India" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF214C82FEC1393ED414E75F" box="[299,367,1062,1088]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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; “
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<location id="6349605CFF214C82FE60393DD4CBE720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D:6349605CFF214C82FE60393DD4CBE720" box="[394,432,1061,1087]" country="India" county="Simla Hills" municipality="Kufri" name="On" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">On</location>
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FE53393DD77CE720" box="[441,519,1061,1087]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Sedum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FE53393DD77CE720" box="[441,519,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Sedum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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flowers/
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<location id="6349605CFF214C82FD9B393DD7D5E720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D:6349605CFF214C82FD9B393DD7D5E720" box="[625,686,1061,1087]" country="India" county="Simla Hills" municipality="Kufri" name="India" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">India</location>
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,
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<location id="6349605CFF214C82FD51393DD67FE720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE3F8791FF214C82FDAD3F9FD71FE57D:6349605CFF214C82FD51393DD67FE720" box="[699,772,1061,1087]" country="India" county="Simla Hills" municipality="Kufri" name="Phagu" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Phagu</location>
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to
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<collectingMunicipality id="864DACFDFF214C82FCC7393DD60BE720" box="[813,880,1061,1087]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Kufri</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="8F484E0BFF214C82FC97393DD17DE720" box="[893,1030,1061,1087]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Simla Hills</collectingCounty>
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,
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<quantity id="A16E9B62FF214C82FBF9393DD1F8E720" box="[1043,1155,1061,1087]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3728192" metricValueMax="2.7432" metricValueMin="0.0024384" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="ft" value="4504.0" valueMax="9000.0" valueMin="8.0">
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<elevation id="EDBBD1B4FF214C82FBF9393DD1F8E720" box="[1043,1155,1061,1087]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3728192" metricValueMax="2.7432" metricValueMin="0.0024384" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="ft" value="4504.0" valueMax="9000.0" valueMin="8.0">8-9000ft.</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="12281047FF214C82FB7A393DD04FE720" box="[1168,1332,1060,1088]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1916-05-21">
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<collectingDate id="026CE9AFFF214C82FB7A393DD04FE720" box="[1168,1332,1060,1088]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1916-05-21">21 May 1916</collectingDate>
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</date>
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/[leg.] Annandale & Kemp/Standing over
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FD99395ED62EE77F" authority="Brunetti" authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityYear="1909" box="[627,853,1094,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FD99395ED79EE77F" box="[627,741,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">sedophila</emphasis>
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Brunetti
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</taxonomicName>
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, in
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<collectorName id="CB635351FF214C82FC60395FD12EE77F" box="[906,1109,1094,1121]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">J. Bowden Coll.</collectorName>
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, BMNH(E) 2003-159”;
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<collectionCode id="0087AE42FF214C82FF573970D44BE79D" box="[189,304,1128,1154]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF214C82FF5739BFD799E6EA" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF5739BFD454E7DE" blockId="153.[189,303,1191,1217]" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="3D6181EBFF214C82FF5739BFD454E7DE" bold="true" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF5739BFD454E7DE" bold="true" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF5739CCD6B6E60F" blockId="153.[189,1399,1236,1296]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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Although originally described in
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FDA639CDD7F8E7F1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[588,643,1237,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FDA639CDD7F8E7F1" box="[588,643,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Usia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this species was moved to
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FC3839CCD14EE7F1" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1860" box="[978,1077,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Apolysis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FC3839CCD14EE7F1" box="[978,1077,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Apolysis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF214C82FB8C39CCD470E610" author="Evenhuis N. L. & Greathead D. J." pageId="153" pageNumber="154" refId="ref74317" refString="Evenhuis N. L. & Greathead D. J. 1999. World Catalog of Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis & Greathead (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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and this is confirmed here with some notes on the
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FCB539EED6B2E60F" box="[863,969,1270,1296]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF57382DD799E6EA" blockId="153.[188,1399,1333,1525]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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Despite the suggestion on one label, all specimens in the NHMUK, both
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FBEE382DD110E650" box="[1028,1131,1333,1359]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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and non-type material, are females. While all the seven non-type specimens are conspecific, and are the same species as two of the
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FEE73860D40CE68D" box="[269,375,1400,1426]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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, the third (with the cotype label) seems to be a different taxon. All
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<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF214C82FB423860D032E68E" box="[1192,1353,1399,1426]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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are
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FF553881D459E6AC" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1860" box="[191,290,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Apolysis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF553881D459E6AC" box="[191,290,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Apolysis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as this genus is currently defined so it is reasonable to assume that any other
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<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF214C82FB043881D02EE6AC" box="[1262,1365,1433,1459]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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in Indian museums will also be
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FDF038A2D707E6CB" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1860" box="[538,636,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Apolysis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FDF038A2D707E6CB" box="[538,636,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Apolysis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, although the specific identity of
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FBBF38A3D193E6CB" authorityName="Brunetti, Cotype" authorityYear="1909" box="[1109,1256,1466,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Usia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedophila">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FBBF38A3D193E6CB" box="[1109,1256,1466,1493]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">A. sedophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently uncertain, that it belongs in
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<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF214C82FDEE38C3D71CE6EA" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1860" box="[516,615,1499,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Apolysis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FDEE38C3D71CE6EA" box="[516,615,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Apolysis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is certain.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF214C82FF573B03D71FE57D" box="[189,612,1563,1635]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573B03D42DE52A" blockId="153.[189,342,1563,1589]" box="[189,342,1563,1589]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="3D6181EBFF214C82FF573B03D42DE52A" bold="true" box="[189,342,1563,1589]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF214C82FF573B03D42DE52A" bold="true" box="[189,342,1563,1589]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Distribution</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66293687FF214C82FF573B50D71FE57D" blockId="153.[189,612,1608,1635]" box="[189,612,1608,1635]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
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<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF214C82FF573B50D582E57D" box="[189,249,1608,1634]" name="India" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="A452F865FF214C82FEE23B50D49DE57C" box="[264,486,1608,1635]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF214C82FE133B50D71BE57D" box="[505,608,1608,1634]" name="Pakistan" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |