695 lines
96 KiB
XML
695 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BBEA701A1B803C65AA5B3E20BCE187BF">Generic Review of New Zealand Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8AC1FDFFFD81FDE9" authority="Blanchard, 1853" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,537,580,607]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FDFFFD81FDE9" bold="true" box="[151,537,580,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FDFFFEDCFDE8" bold="true" box="[151,324,580,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8B1DFDFFFD81FDE9" author="Blanchard, C. E." box="[331,537,580,606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 422" refId="ref45062" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1853) Description des Insectes. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee; execute par ordre du Roi pendant les Annees 1837 - 1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville-Zoologie, 4, 1 - 422." type="journal article" year="1853">Blanchard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFBE3C6A8AC1FDD3FEF0FD34" box="[151,360,616,643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8AC1FDD3FEF0FD34" blockId="17.[151,537,580,643]" box="[151,360,616,643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBE3C6A8AC9FDD3FF70FD35" box="[159,232,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,166,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1430,166,1951]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 2A–M. Dorsal habitus of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp.; B, Chalcolampra sp., length 4.8 mm; C, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, length 8.7 mm; D, Chalcolampra sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672685/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBE3C6A8AA2FDD3FE9BFD35" box="[244,259,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1353,1378]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,174,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1334]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 3A–F. Habits and structures of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp., dorsal habitus; B, Chalcolampra crassa (Broun), dorsal habitus of holotype; C, Chalcolampra sp., lateral view, length; D, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, detail of head; E Chalcolampra sp., detail of head; F, Chalcolampra sp., ventral view of anterior portion of body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672687/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBE3C6A8B46FDD3FEF8FD34" box="[272,352,616,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 18" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1433,1458]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,174,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[186,1400,174,1414]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 18A–E. Subantennal grooves (ventral view of heads, A–C) and prothoracic glandular ducts. A, Maurodus cinctiger; B, Maurodus lepidus; C, Maurodus maculatus; D, Chalcolampra sp., dorsal view through cleared prothorax; E, same, detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672719/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18D, E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8AC1FD17FB41FD72" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,862]" box="[151,1241,684,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A8AC1FD17FD96FD73" author="Blanchard, C. E." box="[151,526,684,709]" page="328" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1853">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8AC1FD17FD96FD73" authority="Blanchard, 1853: 328" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="328" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,526,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FD17FEB1FD73" box="[151,297,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8B66FD17FD96FD73" author="Blanchard, C. E." box="[304,526,684,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 422" refId="ref45062" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1853) Description des Insectes. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee; execute par ordre du Roi pendant les Annees 1837 - 1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville-Zoologie, 4, 1 - 422." type="journal article" year="1853">Blanchard, 1853: 328</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="E6188DC1FFBE3C6A8841FD16FDD1FD72" box="[535,585,685,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A88F1FD17FBDAFD72" authority="Blanchard, 1853" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1853" box="[679,1090,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A88F1FD17FC0AFD73" box="[679,914,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chalcolampra convexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A89CFFD17FBDAFD72" author="Blanchard, C. E." box="[921,1090,684,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 422" refId="ref45062" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1853) Description des Insectes. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee; execute par ordre du Roi pendant les Annees 1837 - 1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville-Zoologie, 4, 1 - 422." type="journal article" year="1853">Blanchard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8AC1FD70FEF3FCB5" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="19B3144DFFBE3C6A8AC1FD70FEF3FCB5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A8AC1FD70FE36FD54" author="Sharp, D." box="[151,430,714,739]" page="98" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1882">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8AC1FD70FE36FD54" authority="Sharp, 1882: 98" authorityName="Sharp" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,430,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FD70FE99FD54" box="[151,257,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Allocharis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8B5EFD71FE36FD54" author="Sharp, D." box="[264,430,714,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882: 98</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="E6188DC1FFBE3C6A8BEFFD70FE73FD54" box="[441,491,715,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A881DFD70FC32FD54" authority="Sharp, 1882" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[587,938,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A881DFD70FCBDFD54" box="[587,805,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Allocharis marginata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A897AFD71FC32FD54" author="Sharp, D." box="[812,938,714,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, by monotypy. Synonymy by
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8E89FD71FA05FD54" author="Daccordi, M." box="[1247,1437,714,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi, 1994:77</bibRefCitation>
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[as a subgenus].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8AC1FCB2FB4BFC97" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,862]" box="[151,1235,776,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="19B3144DFFBE3C6A8AC1FCB2FB4BFC97" box="[151,1235,776,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A8AC1FCB2FE43FC97" author="Broun, T." box="[151,475,776,801]" page="343" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8AC1FCB2FE43FC97" authority="Broun, 1915: 343" authorityName="Broun" authorityPageNumber="343" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,475,776,801]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FCB2FEB8FC97" box="[151,288,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8B70FCB2FE43FC97" author="Broun, T." box="[294,475,776,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun, 1915: 343</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="E6188DC1FFBE3C6A8BB2FCB2FD8EFC96" box="[484,534,777,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
|
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8825FCB2FC4EFC96" authority="Broun, 1915" authorityName="Broun Daccordi-Shute" authorityYear="1915" box="[627,982,776,801]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
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||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8825FCB2FCD6FC97" box="[627,846,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyrtonogetus crassus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8903FCB2FC4EFC96" author="Broun, T." box="[853,982,776,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8E27FCB3FB4BFC97" bold="true" box="[1137,1235,776,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A8AC1FC9CFE39FC88" author="Broun, T." box="[151,417,806,831]" page="86" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1903">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8AC1FC9CFE39FC88" authority="Broun, 1903: 86" authorityName="Broun" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,417,806,831]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FC9CFF69FC88" box="[151,241,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eualema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8AAEFC9CFE39FC88" author="Broun, T." box="[248,417,806,831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="450 - 458" refId="ref45277" refString="Broun, T. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 11 & 12, 450 - 458 + 602 - 618 & 69 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678830" type="journal article" year="1903">Broun, 1903: 86</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E6188DC1FFBE3C6A8BFDFC9CFE45FC88" box="[427,477,807,831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A886DFC9CFC0FFC88" author="Broun, T." box="[571,919,806,831]" page="86" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1903">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A886DFC9CFC0FFC88" authority="Broun, 1903: 86" authorityName="Broun" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1903" box="[571,919,806,831]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A886DFC9CFD70FC88" box="[571,744,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eualema walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A88B9FC9CFC0FFC88" author="Broun, T." box="[751,919,806,831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="450 - 458" refId="ref45277" refString="Broun, T. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 11 & 12, 450 - 458 + 602 - 618 & 69 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678830" type="journal article" year="1903">Broun, 1903: 86</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, by monotypy. Synonymy by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B8021572FFBE3C6A8E9CFC9CFAF2FC89" author="Broun, T." box="[1226,1386,807,831]" page="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8E9CFC9CFAF2FC89" author="Broun, T." box="[1226,1386,807,831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 78" refId="ref45376" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1, 3 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692601" type="journal article" year="1910">Broun 1910: 77</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[nec
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBE3C6A8A91FCFEFE1FFCE9" author="Daccordi, M." box="[199,391,837,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi, 1994:77</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as a subgenus].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFBE3C6A8AC1FC3EFAD2FB98" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8AC1FC3EFAD2FB98" blockId="17.[151,1437,901,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8AC1FC3EFE7FFC17" bold="true" box="[151,487,901,928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Diagnosis (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBE3C6A8B4CFC3EFEDAFC17" box="[282,322,901,928]" name="New Zealand" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NZ</collectingCountry>
|
||
species only).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body length greater than 3.0 mm and up to about 8.0 mm; elongate and moderately convex; colour uni- or bicoloured dark sometimes with a blue or green metallic luster. Antennae filiform. Procoxal cavities externally closed to very narrowly open. Hindwings present, absent, or reduced. Anterior edge of metaventrite curved to rounded or subrounded; metaventral lines parallel and not extending to middle of ventrite. First abdominal ventrite with subcoxal bead parallel to metacoxal cavity and not extending to middle of ventrite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFBE3C698A91FB82FCACFAB8" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8A91FB82FCE7FBC0" blockId="17.[151,1437,901,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8A91FB82FEC9FBE3" bold="true" box="[199,337,1081,1108]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="FE5B9E86FFBE3C6A8BE2FB82FDA5FBE3" box="[436,573,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="3.7">3.7–8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body broad and elongate, moderately convex; colour variable, generally uni- or bicoloured dark, sometimes with a blue or green metallic luster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C6A8A91FB3AFD76F8F0" blockId="17.[151,1437,901,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Head not forming a short muzzle, with genae extending a short distance beyond level of antennal and maxillary insertions, visible in dorsal view and retracted into prothorax with mouthparts directed anteroventrally; wide vertex or frons, nearly flat to feebly convex; postantennal calli present to weakly developed, but lacking pale areas. Eyes relatively well-developed, weakly or not protuberant, finely facetted and consisting of over 50 ommatidia; inner margin of eye without a small seta. Antennae long and filiform and reaching beyond hind margin of the pronotum, scape long and about 2 times longer than antennomere 2, club not well-developed; eye not contacting insertion, with distance between insertion and margin of eye less equal or less than diameter of insertion, distance between insertions about 2–5 times length of the scape. Clypeus somewhat trapezoidal to semicircular, anterior margin straight; frontoclypeal suture present; postclypeal lines present or absent. Labrum with curved sides and somewhat rectangular and typically transverse to semicircular, anterior margin emarginated or not, surface with 2–3 elongate setae per side, anterior margin at middle lacking distinct setal fringe, tormae long and thin, about 2–4 times longer than labral plate. Mandible with terebral edge simple. Maxillary palpus relatively long, palpomere 1 longer than wide, palpomere 2 not transverse and longer than wide, palpomere 3 about 2 times longer than wide or short to about as long as wide, greater to less than the length of palpomere 2, conical to cylindrical and often truncate to weakly acute (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBE3C6A8B4FF9C2FDA5F924" box="[281,573,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBE3C6A8B4FF9C2FDA5F924" box="[281,573,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chalcolampra speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Labium with relatively wide ligula, subequal in width to the lengths of palpomeres 1 and 2 combined, apex not divided at apex, palpal insertions separated by more than the width of the basal palpomere, palpi relatively short, palpomere 1 as wide as long, palpomere 2 longer as wide, palpomere 3 2–3 times longer than wide, conical to cylindrical. Mentum rectangular and transverse, width of mentum slightly longer or equal the length of labial palpomere 3. Intermaxillary process short and not extending anteriorly far beyond maxillary insertions, delimited behind by a ridge or a bead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBE3C698A91F8E9FE90FC1F" blockId="17.[151,1437,901,2044]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Pronotum transverse and convex to flattened, with a bead along all margins, or weakly indicated or absent posteriorly; posterior edge narrower than base of elytra; anterior margin emarginate and evenly concave, anterior angles weakly to strongly projecting, rounded to subacute; sides nearly parallel in basal half, curved, or sinuate, not strongly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin weakly convex or sinuate; posterior angles acute to subacute; disc moderately convex without sublateral groove, trichobothria present, coarse and dense punctures at middle of posterior margin absent; lateral carinae complete. Prosternum not or weakly vaulted at middle, without transverse notches in front of coxal cavities; prosternal lines absent (bead at inner margin of the procoxal cavities is present, but does not extend forward much beyond edge of coxa); prosternal process broad, short and extending a short distance behind procoxae, expanded laterally behind coxae and usually contacting an acute and elongate hypomeral process (sometimes a small gap is present); posterior margin straight, weakly convex or emarginated; procoxal cavities externally closed (or very narrowly opened). Notopleural suture distinct. Scutellary shield visible, triangular and somewhat transverse with rounded or acute apex. Elytra moderately convex, humeral calli distinct or absent, midbasal striae present or absent; surface smooth and punctation striate, moderately coarse and dense to fine and sparse; epipleura well developed, visible in lateral view, apex without ctenidium. Hind wings absent or brachypterous. Mesoventrite mostly hidden in ventral view, posterior portion between mesocoxae visible as a narrow strip; mesal part of mesoventrite with vertical surface confluent with prepectus. Meso- and metacoxae moderately to widely separated. Metaventrite typically shorter than abdominal ventrite 1 at midline (rarely longer, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698EB8FD9EFA13FD88" box="[1262,1419,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698EB8FD9EFA13FD88" box="[1262,1419,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mesocoxal process broad to somewhat narrow with a straight, curved, or subrounded anterior margin, metaventral lines parallel and not extended to middle of ventrite, transverse metaventral (metakatepisternal) suture present but typically does not cross the midline. Metendosternite without or with a broad stalk (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698E93FD2AFAFAFD1C" box="[1221,1378,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698E93FD2AFAFAFD1C" box="[1221,1378,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and laminae absent, widely spaced lateral arms with subapical anterior tendons. Legs with tibiae flattened to subrounded in cross section, meso- and metatibiae not clubbed with lateral edge curved and not irregular in outline, apically setose; tarsomeres 5-5-5 and variable, tarsomere 1 typically longer than T2, 1.5 times longer than wide parallel-sided or triangular, T2 triangular and may be wider than long and narrower and smaller than T3, T3 about as wide as long or longer and not deeply incised (bilobed), tarsomere 4 minute, T5 about 2–2.5 times as long as T3, appendiculate, weakly appendiculate, or simple; tarsomere 1 of male not greatly enlarged (but all tarsomeres may be, in general, enlarged).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBD3C698A91FC0AFCACFAB8" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abdominal ventrite 1 variable in length but typically longer than ventrite 2 and 3 combined and always shorter than ventrites 2–5 combined, with a broad metacoxal process that is wider than long and with a weakly curved apical margin, ventrites 2–4 equal in length and each shorter than ventrite 1, ventrite 5 subequal to ventrite 4 or longer ventrites 3 and 4 combined with rounded or subrounded posterior margin; first abdominal ventrite with subcoxal lines parallel to coxal cavity that do not extend to middle of ventrite. Aedeagus variable, curved to weakly curved in lateral view and rounded, laterally or dorsoventrally compressed in cross section; apex in dorsal view acute to rounded or square-edged, may be expaned towards apex; flagellum present or absent. Ovipositor with paraproct 2 times longer than wide and lacking distinct baculus, coxite about 3 times longer than wide, stylus apically inserted and about 1.2 times the length of coxite. Spermatheca U-shaped, collum present spermathecal duct inserted onto base, spermathecal gland absent or very weakly sclerotised.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFBD3C688A91FAA3FBAAF9BC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBD3C698A91FAA3FAFDF868" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698A91FAA3FED7FA84" bold="true" box="[199,335,1304,1331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698BAAFAA2FD06FA84" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1853" box="[508,670,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698BAAFAA2FD06FA84" box="[508,670,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are widely distributed in Southeast Asia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBD3C698E3DFAA2FB4AFA84" box="[1131,1234,1305,1331]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBD3C698F51FAA2FA04FA84" box="[1287,1436,1305,1331]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698AC9FA86FE8FFAE0" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[159,279,1341,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref47361" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1993) Description of the constricta species-group of the genus Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Journal of the Australian entomological Society, 32, 253 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1993. tb 00583. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Reid 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698B77FA86FEC6FAEF" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[289,350,1341,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref47500" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1292.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are 13 described species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBD3C6988B0FA86FCE6FAE0" box="[742,894,1341,1367]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and there are up to an additional 20 undescribed spp. from the South Island based on morphospecies sorted by Charles Watt contained in the NZAC. The first description of a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBD3C698B78FA3EFE5BFA28" box="[302,451,1413,1439]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species was of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698838FA3EFB85FA28" authority="Sharp, 1882" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[622,1053,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698838FA3EFC09FA28" box="[622,913,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C6989C1FA3EFB85FA28" author="Sharp, D." box="[919,1053,1413,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBD3C698E7DFA3EFB1BFA28" box="[1067,1155,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,166,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1430,166,1951]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 2A–M. Dorsal habitus of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp.; B, Chalcolampra sp., length 4.8 mm; C, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, length 8.7 mm; D, Chalcolampra sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672685/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), a species also described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698AECFA12FECAFA74" author="Broun, T." box="[186,338,1449,1475]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="450 - 458" refId="ref45277" refString="Broun, T. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 11 & 12, 450 - 458 + 602 - 618 & 69 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678830" type="journal article" year="1903">Broun (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and placed in his new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C6988CDFA12FD67FA74" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1903" box="[667,767,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C6988CDFA12FD67FA74" box="[667,767,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eualema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but subsequently synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698EF2FA12FF41FA50" authority="(Broun 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698EF2FA12FADEFA74" box="[1188,1350,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698F02FA12FF48FA50" author="Broun, T." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 78" refId="ref45376" refString="Broun, T. (1910) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1, 3 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692601" type="journal article" year="1910">Broun 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Meanwhile,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698B24FA76FD9CFA50" author="Sharp, D." box="[370,516,1485,1511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named a new monotypic genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698927FA76FC7EFA50" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[881,998,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698927FA76FC7EFA50" box="[881,998,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698E0AFA76FB77FA50" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[1116,1263,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698E0AFA76FB77FA50" box="[1116,1263,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that he thought was closely related to the tribe Phyllocarites and was intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698E5AFA4AFB44F9BC" authority="Latrielle" authorityName="Latrielle" box="[1036,1244,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698E5AFA4AFBEBF9BC" box="[1036,1139,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cyrtonus</emphasis>
|
||
Latrielle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698F4CFA4AFA05F9BC" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1306,1437,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698F4CFA4AFA05F9BC" box="[1306,1437,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gonioctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(without mentioning similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C69887CF9AEFD54F998" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[554,716,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C69887CF9AEFD54F998" box="[554,716,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Subsequently, Broun added 11 species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698EE8F9AEFAABF998" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[1214,1331,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698EE8F9AEFAABF998" box="[1214,1331,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and then erected a new monotypic genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C69885CF982FCAEF9E4" authority="Broun, 1915" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[522,822,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C69885CF982FD39F9E4" box="[522,673,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C6988FFF982FCAEF9E4" author="Broun, T." box="[681,822,1592,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBD3C698910F982FC06F9E4" box="[838,926,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1353,1378]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,174,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1334]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 3A–F. Habits and structures of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp., dorsal habitus; B, Chalcolampra crassa (Broun), dorsal habitus of holotype; C, Chalcolampra sp., lateral view, length; D, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, detail of head; E Chalcolampra sp., detail of head; F, Chalcolampra sp., ventral view of anterior portion of body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672687/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C6989E2F982FBB1F9E4" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[948,1065,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C6989E2F982FBB1F9E4" box="[948,1065,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a valid genus and the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698B05F9E6FDE0F9C0" box="[339,632,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698B05F9E6FDE0F9C0" box="[339,632,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698958F9E6FC6BF9C0" author="Withers, T. M. & Allen, G. R. & Reid, C. A. M." box="[782,1011,1628,1655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="179 - 186" refId="ref48361" refString="Withers, T. M., Allen, G. R. & Reid, C. A. M. (2015) Selecting potential non-target species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis. New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, 179 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.30843 / nzpp. 2015.68.5803" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Withers
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C69893BF9E5FC06F9C0" box="[877,926,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C6989A8F9E6FB0DF9C0" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[1022,1173,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C6989A8F9E6FB0DF9C0" box="[1022,1173,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was retained as a separate genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698B64F93AFE7BF92C" author="Daccordi, M." box="[306,483,1665,1691]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see also 1996), and indeed there are differences between this species and other members of the group, as expressed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C69884DF91EFD68F908" author="Broun, T." box="[539,752,1700,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun (1915: 343)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E6188DC1FFBD3C69896FF91EFCF1F908" box="[825,873,1701,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of this genus is nearly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698E8BF91EFACAF908" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[1245,1362,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698E8BF91EFACAF908" box="[1245,1362,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Man. N.Z. Coleopt., p. 1306), but the body is not at all elongate-oval, being robust and oblong. The metasternum has the front margin distinctly elevated and truncate between the coxae, instead of being strongly, almost sharply rounded. The basal ventral segment is hardly as long as the following three, and its frontal suture is nearly quite straight. The posterior coxae are only a little farther apart than the intermediate. Tibiae gradually incrassate towards the extremity, each with a broad external groove there. Tarsi stout, basal two joints cordiform, 3rd entire and densely setose underneath, slightly emarginate, the claws of the terminal appendiculate at the base. In sternal structure it is similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698AC1F81AFEAEF80C" box="[151,310,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698AC1F81AFEAAF80C" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,306,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Caccomolpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caccomolpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which, however, is composed of small subrotundate species with differently formed legs.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBD3C698F7AF81AFF7AF868" author="Maddison, P. M." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="233 - 467" refId="ref46809" refString="Maddison, P. M. (2010) Checklist of New Zealand Hexapoda. Order Coleoptera. [Chapter] NINE: Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda: Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 2. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 233 - 467." type="book chapter" year="2010">Maddison (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed Daccordi’s classification, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C6988F8F87EFCBBF868" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[686,803,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C6988F8F87EFCBBF868" box="[686,803,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C69890FF87EFC25F868" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1903" box="[857,957,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C69890FF87EFC25F868" box="[857,957,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eualema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBD3C698EEBF87EFAC7F868" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1213,1375,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBD3C698EEBF87EFAC7F868" box="[1213,1375,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBC3C688A91FF22FE81FDD4" blockId="19.[151,1437,153,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Reid & Smith (2004) treated the three
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C68882AFF22FC8AFF04" box="[636,786,153,179]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688907FF22FC5EFF04" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[849,966,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688907FF22FC5EFF04" box="[849,966,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688982FF22FBEAFF04" box="[980,1138,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688982FF22FBF6FF04" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[980,1134,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtonogetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688EFCFF22FA96FF04" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1903" box="[1194,1294,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688EFCFF22FA96FF04" box="[1194,1294,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Eualema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid and possibly the sister group to the New Caledonian endemic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688926FF05FB10FF60" authority="Reid & Smith 2004" authorityName="Reid & Smith" authorityYear="2004" box="[880,1160,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688926FF05FC38FF60" box="[880,928,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Zira</emphasis>
|
||
Reid & Smith 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but noted that the similarities were likely to be plesiomorphies within a larger group of taxa. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688988FF5AFBECFF4C" box="[990,1140,225,251]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and New Caledonian taxa share many similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B8FFEBEFDE3FEA8" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[473,635,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B8FFEBEFDE3FEA8" box="[473,635,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are part of a larger taxonomic problem involving several genera. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688AC1FE92FEA9FEF4" box="[151,305,297,323]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, these species form a morphological grade of completely winged forms to apterous forms that make up the bulk of species. A relatively robust and convex body with non-protuberant eyes characterises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688F53FEF6FA04FED0" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[1285,1436,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688F53FEF6FA04FED0" box="[1285,1436,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B5DFECAFE18FE3C" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[267,384,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B5DFECAFE18FE3C" box="[267,384,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B9EFECAFD2BFE3C" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" box="[456,691,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B9EFECAFDF8FE3C" box="[456,608,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. subsulcata</emphasis>
|
||
Broun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E41FECAFB2DFE3C" box="[1047,1205,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E41FECAFB2DFE3C" box="[1047,1205,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AC1FE2EFE94FE18" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,268,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AC1FE2EFE94FE18" box="[151,268,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the posteriorly expanded and abruptly truncate elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBC3C6889C4FE2EFC73FE18" box="[914,1003,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,166,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1430,166,1951]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 2A–M. Dorsal habitus of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp.; B, Chalcolampra sp., length 4.8 mm; C, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, length 8.7 mm; D, Chalcolampra sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672685/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but this feature is present, to a lesser degree, in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B19FE02FE5CFE64" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[335,452,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B19FE02FE5CFE64" box="[335,452,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The external closure of the procoxal cavities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFBC3C688E7AFE02FB19FE64" box="[1068,1153,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1353,1378]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,174,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1334]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 3A–F. Habits and structures of Chalcolampra spp.; A, Chalcolampra sp., dorsal habitus; B, Chalcolampra crassa (Broun), dorsal habitus of holotype; C, Chalcolampra sp., lateral view, length; D, Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, detail of head; E Chalcolampra sp., detail of head; F, Chalcolampra sp., ventral view of anterior portion of body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672687/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) varies from complete to narrowly open (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688BFFFE66FDB8FE40" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[425,544,477,503]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref47361" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1993) Description of the constricta species-group of the genus Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Journal of the Australian entomological Society, 32, 253 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1993. tb 00583. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Reid 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C68887DFE66FDF0FE4F" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[555,616,477,504]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref47500" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1292.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We believe it prudent to place the three
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688E61FE66FB55FE40" box="[1079,1229,477,503]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688F14FE66FF70FDAC" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688F14FE66FF70FDAC" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, treating
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B07FDBAFE70FDAC" box="[337,488,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cyrtogonetus</emphasis>
|
||
as a synonym. We also advocate dispensing with subgenera altogether until a broader study of the group is undertaken. Because of the difficulty in determining species we are unable to provide a key to the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBC3C688A91FDD6FABDFC10" blockId="19.[151,1437,153,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The problem with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BC2FDD6FDAEFD30" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[404,566,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BC2FDD6FDAEFD30" box="[404,566,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader than the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688958FDD6FC3BFD30" box="[782,931,621,647]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
issue, and the genus may not be monophyletic.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688AEFFD2AFEA7FD1B" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[185,319,657,684]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref47500" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1292.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Reid (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BBCFD2AFD40FD1C" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1824" box="[490,728,657,683]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Roccellaceae" genus="Phyllocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BBCFD2AFDE1FD1C" box="[490,633,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Phyllocharis</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C68895BFD2AFC37FD1C" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[781,943,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C68895BFD2AFC37FD1C" box="[781,943,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be placed in synonymy, though larval characters may support their separation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C68880CFD0EFD4BFD78" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[602,723,693,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 357" refId="ref47308" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1991) Immature stages of the genera Johannica Blackburn, Lamprolina Baly and Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Journal of natural History, 25, 341 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770251" type="journal article" year="1991">Reid 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): this may be true in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C6889EFFD0EFBD6FD78" box="[953,1102,693,719]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
when comparing larval forms (C. Wardhaugh, pers. obs); one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688854FD62FDEBFD44" box="[514,627,729,755]" form="with" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="form">form with</taxonomicName>
|
||
a well sclerotised circular plate at the apex of the abdomen and others lacking this structure. Meanwhile, no adult synapomorphies have been recognised for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E03FD46FB6FFCA0" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1109,1271,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E03FD46FB6FFCA0" box="[1109,1271,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the genus appears twice in a key to Australian chrysomelines by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C68895DFC9AFC0CFC8B" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[779,916,801,828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref47500" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1292.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Reid (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on differences of the tarsal claw (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688F30FC9AFF4BFCE8" author="Reid, C. A. M." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref47361" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1993) Description of the constricta species-group of the genus Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Journal of the Australian entomological Society, 32, 253 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1993. tb 00583. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Reid 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, unpublished genetic data support non-monophyly of the genus (J. Jurado, pers. com., 2009). The likelihood that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688BC8FCD2FDACFC34" box="[414,564,873,899]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888E4FCD2FCCCFC34" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[690,852,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888E4FCD2FCCCFC34" box="[690,852,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are paraphyletic, or of multiple origins, is indicated by two distinct larval morphologies. Clearly a complete overhaul of the genera of this group is required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBC3C688A91FC0AFBAAF9BC" blockId="19.[151,1437,153,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
All
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688AA2FC0AFE13FC7C" box="[244,395,945,971]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
forms have a more or less parallel-sided body form, are relatively large (over
|
||
<quantity id="FE5B9E86FFBC3C688F5AFC0AFACBFC7C" box="[1292,1363,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), have eyes that are well-developed (though they may or may not be protruding), and the antennae on the larger forms are filiform to subfiliform, lacking a club or have broadened apical antennomeres, which distinguishes the genus from other native
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688B75FBA6FE22FB80" box="[291,442,1053,1079]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
taxa. Host records are few for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688940FBA6FC34FB80" box="[790,940,1053,1079]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6889E5FBA6FBCDFB80" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[947,1109,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6889E5FBA6FBCDFB80" box="[947,1109,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688E8DFBA6FADAFB80" box="[1243,1346,1053,1079]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AC1FBFAFE1FFBEC" box="[151,391,1089,1115]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AC1FBFAFF76FBEC" box="[151,238,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Senecio</emphasis>
|
||
(Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BC5FBFAFD21FBEB" box="[403,697,1089,1116]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Prostanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BC5FBFAFDBEFBEC" box="[403,550,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Prostanthera</emphasis>
|
||
(Lamiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888A5FBF9FBA8FBEB" box="[755,1072,1089,1116]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888A5FBF9FCCEFBEC" box="[755,854,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Veronica</emphasis>
|
||
(Scrophulariaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688E16FBFAFB21FBEC" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[1088,1209,1089,1115]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 357" refId="ref47308" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1991) Immature stages of the genera Johannica Blackburn, Lamprolina Baly and Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Journal of natural History, 25, 341 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770251" type="journal article" year="1991">Reid 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688E90FBFAFA9AFBEC" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[1222,1282,1089,1115]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref47500" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1292.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688F58FBFAFEA0FBC8" author="Holtkamp, R. H. & Hosking, J. R." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="104 - 106" refId="ref46151" refString="Holtkamp, R. H. & Hosking, J. R. (1993) Insects and diseases of fireweed, Senecio madagascariensis, and the closely related Senecio lautus complex. In: Proceedings of the 10 th Australian Weeds Conference and 14 th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 6 - 10 September, 1993. Weed Society of Australia, Brisbane, pp. 104 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1993">Holtkamp & Hosking 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Members of Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688804FBDEFD6CFBC8" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[594,756,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688804FBDEFD6CFBC8" box="[594,756,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFBC3C6888ACFBDEFCACFBC8" box="[762,820,1125,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
feed mainly on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6889B3FBDEFBF8FBC8" box="[997,1120,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688EC3FBDEFAA0FBC8" box="[1173,1336,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pittosporaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jurado- Rivera
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688ABEFB31FE81FB14" box="[232,281,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688B90FB32FDC4FB14" box="[454,604,1161,1187]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888ECFB32FCCEFB14" box="[698,854,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888ECFB32FCCEFB14" box="[698,854,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E3BFB32FA00FB13" box="[1133,1432,1161,1188]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Pseudopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E3BFB32FA9CFB14" box="[1133,1284,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pseudopanax</emphasis>
|
||
(Araliaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also the host for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688872FB16FC83FB70" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" box="[548,795,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Promechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688872FB16FD39FB70" box="[548,673,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Promechus</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other chrysomeline known to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688F73FB16FE69FB5C" authority="(Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Jolivet & Hawkeswood" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Araliaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688AC9FB6AFE70FB5C" author="Jolivet, P. & Hawkeswood, T. J." box="[159,488,1232,1259]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref46273" refString="Jolivet, P. & Hawkeswood, T. J. (1995) Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the world. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xiii + 281 pp." type="book" year="1995">Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a rare host for any chrysomelid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688930FB6AFBC6FB5C" author="Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M." box="[870,1118,1233,1259]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="501 - 534" refId="ref47554" refString="Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M. (2018) Revision of the leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa, 4497 (4), 501 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4497.4.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Reid & Beatson 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larva of one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AC1FB4EFEA1FAB8" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,313,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AC1FB4EFEA1FAB8" box="[151,313,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BEDFB4EFDC0FAB8" box="[443,600,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BEDFB4EFDC0FAB8" box="[443,600,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been observed feeding on the composite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E35FB4EFF63FA84" authority="(Wardle et al. 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Wardle" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colensoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E35FB4EFA87FAB8" box="[1123,1311,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Olearia colensoi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688F66FB4EFF6BFA84" author="Wardle, P. & Field, T. R. O. & Spain, A. V." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="186 - 214" refId="ref48172" refString="Wardle, P., Field, T. R. O. & Spain, A. V. (1971) Biological flora of New Zealand 5. Olearia colensoi Hook. f. (Compositae) Leatherwood, Tupari. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9 (1), 186 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1971.10430175" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
Wardle
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688FDEFB4DFF35FA84" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688BA1FAA2FD18FA84" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[503,640,1304,1331]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="559 - 631" refId="ref47422" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1995) A cladistic analysis of subfamilial relationships in the Chrysomelidae sensu lato (Chrysomeloidea). In: Pakaluk, J. & Slipinski, S. A. (Eds.), Biology, phylogeny and classification of Coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80 th birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, pp. 559 - 631." type="book chapter" year="1995">Reid (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It blocks its daytime retreats with an anal plate formed by terga VII–IX. Other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFBC3C688A88FA86FEEDFAE0" box="[222,373,1341,1367]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B2BFA86FD87FAE0" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[381,543,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B2BFA86FD87FAE0" box="[381,543,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888D7FA85FC5BFAEF" box="[641,963,1341,1368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888D7FA85FD7CFAE0" box="[641,740,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Veronica</emphasis>
|
||
(Scrophulariaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E26FA86FAABFAE0" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1917" box="[1136,1331,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E26FA86FB7DFAE0" box="[1136,1253,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. tarsalis</emphasis>
|
||
Broun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected from the subalpine species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688878FAD9FD30FACC" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1917" box="[558,680,1377,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688878FAD9FD30FACC" box="[558,680,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">V. albicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FB67FD81FFBC3C688912FADAFC0EFACC" box="[836,918,1377,1403]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where the larva feeds on leaves day and night, though adults are nocturnal (C. Wardhaugh, pers. com., 2018). Larvae of this group lack the anal plate and have been recorded previously from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BE9FA11FDBAFA74" box="[447,546,1450,1475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BE9FA11FDBAFA74" box="[447,546,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Veronica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688867FA12FD58FA74" author="Purdie, A." box="[561,704,1449,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="166" refId="ref47283" refString="Purdie, A. (1884) General notes. New Zealand Journal of Science, Dunedin, 2 (3), 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Purdie 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888BBFA12FBB1FA73" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[749,1065,1449,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888BBFA12FC46FA74" box="[749,990,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis marginata</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and were illustrated and briefly described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688B7BFA76FE57FA50" author="Hudson, G. V." box="[301,463,1485,1511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref46228" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1934) New Zealand beetles and their larvae: an elementary introduction to the study of our native Coleoptera, with seventeeen coloured plates. Ferguson & Osborn, Wellington, 236 pp., 17 pls." type="book" year="1934">Hudson (1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BACFA76FC85FA50" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1917" box="[506,797,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BACFA76FD53FA50" box="[506,715,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allocharis robusta</emphasis>
|
||
Broun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Lastly, two species similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E2BFA76FB69FA50" authorityName="Broun Daccordi-Shute" authorityYear="1915" box="[1149,1265,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E2BFA76FB69FA50" box="[1149,1265,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected from
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688B48FA4AFDF0F9BC" box="[286,616,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688B48FA4AFE60F9BC" authorityName="Cockayne" authorityYear="1925" box="[286,504,1521,1547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Celmisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolia">Celmisia brevifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688855FA4AFDF0F9BC" box="[515,616,1521,1547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Celmisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haasti">C. haasti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6888B3FA4AFCD1F9BC" box="[741,841,1521,1547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Celmisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C6888B3FA4AFCD1F9BC" box="[741,841,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Celmisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C6889F2FA4AFBBEF9BC" box="[932,1062,1521,1547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFBC3C688A91F9AFFEA5F954" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBC3C688A91F9AFFE64F998" blockId="19.[151,1437,153,1763]" box="[199,508,1556,1583]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688A91F9AFFEF9F998" bold="true" box="[199,353,1556,1583]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFBC3C688A91F982FEA5F954" blockId="19.[151,1437,153,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688A91F982FE0AF9E4" bold="true" box="[199,402,1592,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BCCF982FCAEF9E4" authority="(Broun, 1915)" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[410,822,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BCCF982FD15F9E4" box="[410,653,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chalcolampra crassa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C6888CAF982FCB6F9E4" author="Broun, T." box="[668,814,1592,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688915F982FC5CF9E4" bold="true" box="[835,964,1593,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFBC3C688915F982FC5CF9E4" box="[835,964,1593,1619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E45F982FB32F9E4" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[1043,1194,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E45F982FB32F9E4" box="[1043,1194,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E94F982FF43F9C0" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E94F982FAA6F9E4" box="[1218,1342,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. fuscipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688F18F982FF4BF9C0" author="Broun, T." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AB1F9E6FD90F9C0" authority="(Broun, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[231,520,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AB1F9E6FEC7F9C0" box="[231,351,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. limbata</emphasis>
|
||
(Broun, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688843F9E6FCC8F9C0" authority="(Sharp, 1882)" authorityName="Craigie Burn" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[533,848,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688843F9E6FD33F9C0" box="[533,683,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C6888ECF9E6FCD0F9C0" author="Sharp, D." box="[698,840,1629,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C68890AF9E6FBF4F9C0" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[860,1132,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="media">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C68890AF9E6FC5AF9C0" box="[860,962,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. media</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688984F9E6FBFDF9C0" author="Broun, T." box="[978,1125,1629,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E2FF9E6FA0FF9C0" authority="(Broun, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1145,1431,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E2FF9E6FB76F9C0" box="[1145,1262,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. morosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Broun, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AC1F93AFE4EF92C" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,470,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AC1F93AFEB4F92C" box="[151,300,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nigricollis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688B6AF93AFE56F92C" author="Broun, T." box="[316,462,1665,1691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BB4F93AFCBEF92C" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[482,806,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BB4F93AFDE4F92C" box="[482,636,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. picticornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C6888DAF93AFC86F92C" author="Broun, T." box="[652,798,1665,1691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688964F93AFBF3F92C" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[818,1131,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praestans">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688964F93AFC59F92C" box="[818,961,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. praestans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688987F93AFBFBF92C" author="Broun, T." box="[977,1123,1665,1691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688E21F93AFA0FF92C" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1143,1431,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688E21F93AFB76F92C" box="[1143,1262,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688EABF93AFA08F92C" author="Broun, T." box="[1277,1424,1665,1691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688AC1F91EFE50F908" authority="Sharp, 1882" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,456,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688AC1F91EFEAEF908" box="[151,310,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. speculifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688B69F91EFE50F908" author="Sharp, D." box="[319,456,1701,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688BBCF91EFCDCF908" authority="Broun, 1903" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1903" box="[490,836,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688BBCF91EFD32F908" box="[490,682,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Eualema walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C6888E5F91EFCDCF908" author="Broun, T." box="[691,836,1701,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="450 - 458" refId="ref45277" refString="Broun, T. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 11 & 12, 450 - 458 + 602 - 618 & 69 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678830" type="journal article" year="1903">Broun, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688906F91EFC22F908" bold="true" box="[848,954,1701,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFBC3C688906F91EFC22F908" box="[848,954,1701,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688985F91EFA80F908" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[979,1304,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688985F91EFBF5F908" box="[979,1133,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. subsulcata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688E2BF91EFA89F908" author="Broun, T." box="[1149,1297,1701,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFBC3C688F70F91EFEA1F954" authority="(Broun, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFBC3C688F70F91EFA04F908" box="[1318,1436,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. tarsalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFBC3C688AC9F972FEA9F954" author="Broun, T." box="[159,305,1737,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="347 - 474" refId="ref45507" refString="Broun, T. (1917) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part V. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (5), 347 - 474. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17491" type="journal article" year="1917">Broun, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |