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<document id="5ED10C4258124945EB2880F3906B5BDB" ID-CLB-Dataset="8167" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0b1c09e-298d-497d-b6de-cd74367c983e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529512" ID-ZooBank="3ADD4A2B-A3F9-4379-A8FE-39DD867531F7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612954843127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fitzgerald, Scott J." docDate="2021" docId="A157FD05FFB44B4FFF2FFA52FA0520D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penthetria" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="461" masterDocId="5D6E857DFFBD4B45FFB8FFBDFF98266C" masterDocTitle="Penthetria Meigen (Diptera: Bibionidae): Revision of the New World species and world catalog" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="460" updateTime="1698928650180" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="58DD9066D1D5C9D901AC37355BD41BD0">Penthetria Meigen (Diptera: Bibionidae): Revision of the New World species and world catalog</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07B09A20641B6DBD0996326F73CAB9E3">Fitzgerald, Scott J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="33ABA62CE85614CAD98D25E17C6073C1">2021-02-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A157FD05FFB44B4FFF2FFA52FA0520D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546074" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546074" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A157FD05FFB44B4FFF2FFA52FA0520D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A157FD05FFB44B4FFF2FFA52FA0520D3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<subSubSection id="61E41F98FFB44B4CFF2FFA52FD292065" box="[151,689,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB44B4CFF2FFA52FD292065" blockId="9.[151,689,1518,1545]" box="[151,689,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<heading id="7209FB7FFFB44B4CFF2FFA52FD292065" bold="true" box="[151,689,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFF2FFA52FD292065" bold="true" box="[151,689,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Key to the species of New World
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB44B4CFD8AFA53FD292065" ID-CoL="8YQLD" ID-ENA="560770" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[562,689,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFD8AFA53FD292065" bold="true" box="[562,689,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Penthetria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61E41F98FFB44B4CFF2FF98AFD7A208D" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="description">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB44B4CFF2FF98AFD7A208D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1591,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Based on males (eyes holoptic). Females (eyes dichoptic) of some of these species are presently unknown (
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB44B4CFAF4F98AFF6B2019" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichopeza">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFAF4F98AFF6B2019" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">P. dolichopeza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or indistinguishable.
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFE56F9E6FDC220F5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
To improve the efficiency of the identification process of specimens from
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB44B4CFA8DF9E6FAF22019" box="[1333,1386,1627,1653]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB44B4CFF2FF9C3FF6920F5" box="[151,241,1662,1689]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Canada</collectingCountry>
proceed directly to couplet six
</emphasis>
(though females from
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB44B4CFCDCF9C2FC0420F5" box="[868,924,1663,1689]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">USA</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB44B4CFC1CF9C2FC6020F5" box="[932,1016,1663,1689]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Canada</collectingCountry>
are presently indistinguishable, they may be separated with relative confidence based on geographic distribution in areas where species appear to be allopatric (see distribution of species in
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFDFBF97AFD0E208D" box="[579,662,1735,1761]" captionStart="MAP 2" captionStartId="39.[151,209,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,945,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-37@39.[157,1431,936,1789]" captionText="MAP 2. Distribution of P. arizonensis (black circle) and P. dolichopeza (white circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546086/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Maps 2</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFD02F97AFD50208D" box="[698,712,1735,1761]" captionStart="MAP 3" captionStartId="40.[151,209,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,191,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-34@40.[160,1427,181,1137]" captionText="MAP 3. Distribution of P. heteroptera (black circle) and P. yakima (star)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546088/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">3</figureCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61E41F98FFB44B4FFF2FF8B1FA0520D3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="key">
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB44B4FFF2FF8B1FA04268B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB44B4CFF2FF8B1FA0521BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB44B4CFF2FF8B1FA0521BD" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
1 Ventromedian lobes of posterior margin of gonocoxites strongly developed (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFC74F8B1FB8D214D" box="[972,1045,1804,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[425,1163,186,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-34@30.[420,1168,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. P. neonigrita n. sp., male terminalia. 33. Dorsal. 34. Ventral (34 inset, paratype, ventral, not to scale; differences in length of gonocoxite between 34 and 34 inset due to distortion from slide mounting). 35. Posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529550/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFB98F8B6FBA2214D" box="[1056,1082,1803,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–45" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,240,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-64@34.[177,1410,666,1865]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 42–45. Male terminalia, dorsal, tergite nine removed. 42. P. distincta. 43. P. dolichopeza n. sp., paratype. 44. P. appendicula. 45. P. neonigrita n. sp., paratype. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">45</figureCitation>
, vml) with ventromedian cleft often slightly deeper or more narrow in appearance due to stronger flanking lobes (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFC62F894FBB82152" box="[986,1056,1833,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[425,1163,186,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-34@30.[420,1168,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. P. neonigrita n. sp., male terminalia. 33. Dorsal. 34. Ventral (34 inset, paratype, ventral, not to scale; differences in length of gonocoxite between 34 and 34 inset due to distortion from slide mounting). 35. Posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529550/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
inset); gonostylus relatively slender in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFECFF8FBFE242130" box="[375,444,1862,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–35" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[425,1163,186,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-34@30.[420,1168,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 33–35. P. neonigrita n. sp., male terminalia. 33. Dorsal. 34. Ventral (34 inset, paratype, ventral, not to scale; differences in length of gonocoxite between 34 and 34 inset due to distortion from slide mounting). 35. Posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529550/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) and apically acute; posterior margin of tergite nine with relatively shallow cleft, usually about one-third depth of tergite; tergite nine never deeply emarginate (over one-half length of tergite), shelf-like posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFB45F8D9FADD2116" box="[1277,1349,1892,1914]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), or with a field of densely-set, short, black, spine-like setae on posteroventral edge of tergite (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFBACF83CFBD621FB" box="[1044,1102,1921,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, sls); female with tergite nine well developed and strongly lobate posterolaterally (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFD12F823FD6A21D8" box="[682,754,1950,1972]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,209,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[164,1424,181,1684]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. Female terminalia and eggs. 54–56. Female terminalia. 54. P. neonigrita n. sp., dorsal. 55. P. neonigrita n. sp., ventral. 56. P. yakima n. sp., ventral. 57. P. heteroptera, eggs (dissected from abdomen). Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
), cerci with second (ultimate) segment relatively short, and posteromedian lobes of sternite eight relatively broad (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFD33F801FD4B21BD" box="[651,723,1979,2002]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,209,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[164,1424,181,1684]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. Female terminalia and eggs. 54–56. Female terminalia. 54. P. neonigrita n. sp., dorsal. 55. P. neonigrita n. sp., ventral. 56. P. yakima n. sp., ventral. 57. P. heteroptera, eggs (dissected from abdomen). Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); South America.....................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB44B4CFBC5F801FAF821BE" ID-CoL="8GT9C" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[1149,1376,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigrita" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFBC5F801FB6121BD" box="[1149,1273,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">P. neonigrita</emphasis>
Fitzgerald
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB44B4CFADEF801FA0521BD" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1980,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B92D7AFFB44B4CFADEF801FA0521BD" box="[1382,1437,1980,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB44B4FFF2FF864FA04268B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB44B4FFF2FF864FA04268B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
- Ventromedian lobes of posterior margin of gonocoxites weakly (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFCEBF864FC012182" box="[851,921,2009,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
, vml) to moderately (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFBD3F864FB222182" box="[1131,1210,2009,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB44B4CFB63F864FB6D2183" box="[1243,1269,2009,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">25</figureCitation>
, vml) developed, sometimes entirely absent (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE5EFF2AFDB526C1" box="[486,557,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[389,1201,188,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-34@20.[382,1205,181,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. P. dolichopeza n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dal, dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529530/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); posteromedian cleft usually shallower and broader (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB95FF2AFBEB26C1" box="[1069,1139,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
, vmc) or entirely absent; gonostylus variable, but not slender in posterior view unless tergite nine deeply emarginate or gonostylus apically notched; tergite nine variable; female terminalia not with the above combination of characters;
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFC60FF6FFBB82684" box="[984,1056,210,232]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Canada</collectingCountry>
to Central America.............. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FFF4DFA0424EE" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFF4DFA0427BE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFF4DFA0427BE" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
2 Gonostylus glossy, shining, with long hairs basally, but only minute sparse hairs beyond base (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB38FF52FB462769" box="[1152,1246,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB52FF4DFA84276A" box="[1258,1308,240,262]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">9–11</figureCitation>
); tergite nine with posteromedian emargination deep, extending at least half, but usually more, the length of the tergite (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB4DFEB0FACA274F" box="[1269,1362,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFAE6FEB0FAF3274F" box="[1374,1387,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">9</figureCitation>
) and posteroventral edge bearing a field of densely-set, short, black, spine-like setae sharply contrasting typical setae on remainder of tergite (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFEFEFEFAFE182731" box="[326,384,327,349]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, sls; can be difficult to see in undissected specimens); tergite nine sometimes shelf-like posteroventrally (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFACDFEFAFF652717" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); apex of gonostylus broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFDC6FED8FD7E2717" box="[638,742,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
) or coming to a narrow rounded point (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFBD6FED8FB322717" box="[1134,1194,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), never apically truncate or notched (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFEEEFE3FFE5027F4" box="[342,456,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs 16–20</figureCitation>
); females with second (ultimate) segment of cerci elongate and posteromedian lobes of sternite eight relatively narrow (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE20FE22FD8927D9" box="[408,529,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–49" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,204,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-16@35.[156,1432,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 46–49. Female terminalia. 46. P. appendicula, dorsal. 47. P. appendicula, ventral. 48. P. distincta, ventral. 49. P. mexicana, ventral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 46–48</figureCitation>
); in both sexes vein R 2+3 sometimes with a basal appendix (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFBD9FE22FB0727D9" box="[1121,1183,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–3" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[218,1372,186,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-16@11.[212,1376,181,1494]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2–3. P. appendicula. 2. Wing. 3. Female habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: ba, basal appendix of R2+3; aem, anepimeron; aes, anepisternum; c, coxa; f, femur; h, halter; hb, hind basitarsus; kem, katepimeron; kes, katepisternum; m, meron; mtaes, metanepisternum; mtg, mediotergite; mtkes, metakatepisternum; ltg, laterotergite; pltrch, pleu- rotrochantin; prn, pronotum; sct, scutum; t, trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529518/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, ba);
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFB61FE22FABA27D9" box="[1241,1314,415,437]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America............................................................................................ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFE66FA0424EE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFE66FA0424EE" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- Gonostylus with long hairs basally as well as beyond base (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFCFEFE67FC3A279C" box="[838,930,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[361,1222,182,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[361,1227,181,1921]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 7–8. P. arizonensis n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 7. Dorsal. 8. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529522/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
); tergite nine without posteromedian emargination or with emargination more shallow and most often extending one-fifth to one-third the length of the tergite, but sometimes slightly over one-half the length of the tergite; vein R
<subScript id="B57A4E56FFB74B4FFD33FD99FD39245C" attach="left" box="[651,673,548,560]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">2+3</subScript>
without a basal appendix (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFC74FDA8FB832446" box="[972,1051,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–22" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[227,1365,351,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-115@24.[222,1365,345,1261]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–22. Penthetria and Plecia, wings, illustrating variation in length and slope of vein R 2+3. 21a–b. Penthetira heteroptera, males (both from Maryland, USA). 22a. Plecia dentata Hardy, male. 22b. Plecia biformis Hardy, male (points, x, y, z described in “Discussion supporting generic diagnosis”). Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529538/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB9BFDA8FBA62447" box="[1059,1086,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,567,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-228@26.[216,1372,561,1972]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 23. P. mexicana, holotype male, habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: hb, hind basitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529540/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">23</figureCitation>
); tergite nine never shelf-like or with posteroventral edge with a field of densely-set, short, black, spine-like setae sharply contrasting typical setae on remainder of tergite; gonostylus variable; females with second (ultimate) segment of cerci shorter and posteromedian lobes of sternite eight broader (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE80FDD0FE3524EF" box="[312,429,621,643]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46–49" captionStart-1="FIGURES 50–53" captionStartId-0="35.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionStartId-1="36.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1428,204,1842]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1404,201,1883]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@35.[156,1432,181,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@36.[182,1404,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionText-0="FIGURES 46–49. Female terminalia. 46. P. appendicula, dorsal. 47. P. appendicula, ventral. 48. P. distincta, ventral. 49. P. mexicana, ventral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." captionText-1="FIGURES 50–53. Female terminalia. 50. P. heteroptera, dorsal. 51. P. heteroptera, ventral. 52. P. arizonensis n. sp., ventral. 53. P. arizonensis n. sp., lateral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; gf, genital fork; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529560" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529564" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4529560/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4529564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 49–53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE0EFDD0FE5724EF" box="[438,463,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,209,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-16@37.[164,1424,181,1684]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. Female terminalia and eggs. 54–56. Female terminalia. 54. P. neonigrita n. sp., dorsal. 55. P. neonigrita n. sp., ventral. 56. P. yakima n. sp., ventral. 57. P. heteroptera, eggs (dissected from abdomen). Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">56</figureCitation>
) (females of these species indistinguishable except some by geographic range); widespread...... 4
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FFD37FA0425E7" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFD37FA042579" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFD37FA042579" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
3 Ninth tergum almost completely divided into two plates by posterior emargination (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFBB9FD37FBA424CC" box="[1025,1084,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); posterior, inner (ventral) surface of ninth tergite developed into a pair of broad flat shelves when viewed posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFC5DFD1AFBB424D2" box="[997,1068,679,702]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); gonostylus broad and broadly rounded apically (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFEE1FD78FE5A24B7" box="[345,450,709,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[390,1197,188,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[383,1204,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. P. distincta, male terminalia. 9. Dorsal. 10. Posterior. 11. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529526/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
); R
<subScript id="B57A4E56FFB74B4FFE5CFD69FE62248C" attach="left" box="[484,506,724,736]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">2+3</subScript>
usually without, but sometimes with a basal appendix; female with sternite ten truncate/broadly rounded posteriorly? (as in
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE53FD5FFDAA249B" box="[491,562,738,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–49" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,204,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-16@35.[156,1432,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 46–49. Female terminalia. 46. P. appendicula, dorsal. 47. P. appendicula, ventral. 48. P. distincta, ventral. 49. P. mexicana, ventral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
; sternite 10 not visible in
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFC94FD5FFCE9249B" box="[812,881,738,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–49" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,204,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-16@35.[156,1432,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 46–49. Female terminalia. 46. P. appendicula, dorsal. 47. P. appendicula, ventral. 48. P. distincta, ventral. 49. P. mexicana, ventral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
as it is partly telescoped within preceding segments) (but see notes on this character in “Remarks” under
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFD12FCBDFCA02578" ID-CoL="7723P" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1945" box="[682,824,767,789]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendicula">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFD12FCBDFCA02578" box="[682,824,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P. appendicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)..................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFB48FCBDFA042579" ID-CoL="76Q42" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1945" box="[1264,1436,767,789]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB48FCBDFAC32578" box="[1264,1371,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P. distincta</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFCA0FA0425E7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFCA0FA0425E7" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- Ninth tergum not so deeply cleft (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFD9FFCA0FDFA255F" box="[551,610,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); posterior, inner (ventral) surface of ninth tergite not developed (or at most only very weakly developed) into a pair of broad flat shelves when viewed posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFC65FC87FB82253C" box="[989,1050,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); gonostylus not as broad (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFA9DFC87FAFA253C" box="[1317,1378,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[387,1193,189,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[387,1201,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. P. appendicula, male terminalia. 4. Dorsal. 5. Posterodorsal. 6. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; sls, spine-like setae; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529520/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); R
<subScript id="B57A4E56FFB74B4FFA3EFCF4FA042539" attach="left" box="[1414,1436,841,853]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">2+3</subScript>
usually, but not always, with a basal appendix (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFD1EFCEAFD792502" box="[678,737,855,878]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–3" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[218,1372,186,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-16@11.[212,1376,181,1494]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2–3. P. appendicula. 2. Wing. 3. Female habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: ba, basal appendix of R2+3; aem, anepimeron; aes, anepisternum; c, coxa; f, femur; h, halter; hb, hind basitarsus; kem, katepimeron; kes, katepisternum; m, meron; mtaes, metanepisternum; mtg, mediotergite; mtkes, metakatepisternum; ltg, laterotergite; pltrch, pleu- rotrochantin; prn, pronotum; sct, scutum; t, trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529518/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); female (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFCFAFCEAFCE22502" box="[834,890,855,878]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–3" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[218,1372,186,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-16@11.[212,1376,181,1494]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2–3. P. appendicula. 2. Wing. 3. Female habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: ba, basal appendix of R2+3; aem, anepimeron; aes, anepisternum; c, coxa; f, femur; h, halter; hb, hind basitarsus; kem, katepimeron; kes, katepisternum; m, meron; mtaes, metanepisternum; mtg, mediotergite; mtkes, metakatepisternum; ltg, laterotergite; pltrch, pleu- rotrochantin; prn, pronotum; sct, scutum; t, trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529518/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with sternite ten tapered posteriorly to a rounded point? (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFF51FCC8FEB725E7" box="[233,303,885,907]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–49" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,204,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-16@35.[156,1432,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 46–49. Female terminalia. 46. P. appendicula, dorsal. 47. P. appendicula, ventral. 48. P. distincta, ventral. 49. P. mexicana, ventral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c1, cercus 1; c2, cercus 2; s7, sternite seven; s8, sternite eight; s10, sternite ten; sp, spermatheca; t7, tergite seven; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
) (but see notes on this character in “Remarks”).....................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFB74FCC8FA0425E7" ID-CoL="7723P" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1945" box="[1228,1436,885,907]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendicula">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB74FCC8FAC325E6" box="[1228,1371,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P. appendicula</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FFC2FFA042234" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFC2FFA052593" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFC2FFA052593" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
4 Hind basitarsus, parallel-sided, very slender elongate (hind tibia only about 2.5 times as long as basitarsus;
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB50FC2FFAB625CB" box="[1256,1326,914,936]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,784,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-280@19.[187,1401,777,1924]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. P. dolichopeza n. sp., holotype male. 12. Habitus, lateral. 13. Wing. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: hb, hind basitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529528/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
, hb); gonostylus short and stout with a distinct anteroapical thorn (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFCB2FC12FC1A25A9" box="[778,898,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[389,1201,188,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-34@20.[382,1205,181,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. P. dolichopeza n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dal, dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529530/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 14–15</figureCitation>
); gonocoxite dorsally with an apical, medially-directed lobe just anterior to the gonostylar socket (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFDC2FC70FD59258E" box="[634,705,973,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[389,1201,188,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-34@20.[382,1205,181,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. P. dolichopeza n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dal, dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529530/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
, dal); ventromedian lobes of gonocoxites absent (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB24FC70FB7A258F" box="[1180,1250,973,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[389,1201,188,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-34@20.[382,1205,181,1932]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. P. dolichopeza n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 14. Dorsal. 15. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dal, dorsoapical lobe of gonocoxite; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529530/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); southern
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFAF5FC70FA01258F" box="[1357,1433,973,995]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFF5AFC57FED3226C" box="[226,331,1002,1024]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFBD5FC56FAF8226C" ID-CoL="8GTBX" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[1133,1376,1002,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichopeza" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFBD5FC56FB612593" box="[1133,1273,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P. dolichopeza</emphasis>
Fitzgerald
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFADEFC57FA052593" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1002,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B92D7AFFB74B4FFADEFC57FA052593" box="[1382,1437,1002,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFBB5FA042234" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFBB5FA042234" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- Hind basitarsus usually robust to slightly swollen and sausage-shaped, sometimes more slender, but never slender and greatly elongated (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFEF6FB98FE382256" box="[334,416,1061,1083]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,567,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-228@26.[216,1372,561,1972]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 23. P. mexicana, holotype male, habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: hb, hind basitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529540/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE14FB98FE722256" box="[428,490,1061,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–32" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,186,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-16@29.[243,1343,181,1299]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 30–32. Holotype males, lateral. 30. P. neonigrita n. sp.. 31. P. yakima n. sp.. 32. P. arizonensis n. sp.. Scale bars = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: hb, hind basitarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529546/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">30–31</figureCitation>
, hb); gonostylus not as above; gonocoxite dorsally without an apical medially-directed lobe just anterior to the gonostylar socket; ventromedian lobes of gonocoxites variable; widespread........................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FFBE2FA0423D4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFBE2FA05232F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFBE2FA05232F" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
5 In dorsal and ventral views, divergent horn-like lobes of paramere more strongly projecting caudally and ventrally, often appearing apical (even though really more subapical in position) (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFCD0FBC0FC4722FF" box="[872,991,1149,1171]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 24–26</figureCitation>
, dlp), sometimes divergent lobes slightly less projecting (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFEE8FB27FE5C22DC" box="[336,452,1178,1200]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 28–29</figureCitation>
) making them barely visible or barely not visible in a strictly dorsal view, but in the latter case at least apex (most posterior aspect) of paramere slightly laterally compressed into a ridge so that apex appears more narrow (as an apical nubbin) in dorsal view rather than broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFCA6FB68FCFE2287" box="[798,870,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
); apex of gonostylus (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB85FB68FB612287" box="[1085,1273,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 24–26, 28–29</figureCitation>
) usually broadly rounded or broadly rounded and culminating in an obtuse point medially, sometimes apically slightly truncate, but never with an apical notch; tergite nine uncleft or relatively shallowly cleft (up to about one-third its length) (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB3EFAB2FB56234A" box="[1158,1230,1295,1318]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,188,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-16@27.[186,1402,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. P. mexicana, male terminalia. 24–27. Topotypic (Guadalajara, Mexico). 24. Dorsal. 25. Ventral. 26. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 27. Posterior. 28–29. Puerta Parada, Guatemala. 28. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. 29. Dorsal, tergite nine removed. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ed, ejaculatory duct; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFB67FAB2FAB02349" box="[1247,1320,1295,1317]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFB6CFA90FA05232F" ID-CoL="76PS4" authority="(Hardy)" baseAuthorityName="Hardy" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1236,1437,1325,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB6CFA90FB7B232E" box="[1236,1251,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB56FA90FAD2232E" box="[1262,1354,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">mexicana</emphasis>
(Hardy)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFAF6FA0423D4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFAF6FA0423D4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- Divergent horn-like lobes of paramere not visible in dorsal view. In ventral view, divergent horn-like lobes less developed, not strongly projecting or appearing apical, but more collar-like and more confluent with posteroventral edge of paramere (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFAE2FADAFA042311" box="[1370,1436,1383,1405]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[361,1222,182,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[361,1227,181,1921]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 7–8. P. arizonensis n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 7. Dorsal. 8. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529522/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFF42FA38FE8C23F6" box="[250,276,1413,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">20</figureCitation>
, dlp); apex (most posterior aspect) of paramere rounded, dome-like in dorsal view, not laterally compressed into a narrow ridge/nubbin, and often with a minute notch (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFD2DFA1FFD4F23D4" box="[661,727,1442,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[361,1222,182,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[361,1227,181,1921]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 7–8. P. arizonensis n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 7. Dorsal. 8. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529522/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
&amp; as in 16 &amp; 20, p); gonostylus variable;
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to Central America.. 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FFA02FA052026" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFA02FA04239E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFA02FA04239E" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
6 Apex of gonostylus minutely truncate or with a small notch (the anterodorsal side of the notch often developed into a small point) (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFE90FA60FE05239F" box="[296,413,1501,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 16–20</figureCitation>
, 36–39);
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, northwestern
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and
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east of the Rocky Mountains....................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FFA46FA052026" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FFA46FA052026" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- Gonostylus apically broadly rounded or broadly rounded and culminating in an obtuse median point (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB7CFA47FAB8207C" box="[1220,1312,1530,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–8" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[361,1222,182,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[361,1227,181,1921]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 7–8. P. arizonensis n. sp., holotype, male terminalia. 7. Dorsal. 8. Ventral. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529522/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
) or, in some Mexican and Central American specimens gonostylus very slightly truncate apically (as in
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFBE3F9AAFB3A2042" box="[1115,1186,1559,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[326,1254,186,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[325,1262,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16–20. P. heteroptera, male terminalia. 16. Dorsal, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 17. Gonostylus, dorsal (Texas, USA). 18. Gonostylus, ventral (Virginia, USA). 19. Gonostylus, dorsal (Vermont, USA). 20. Ventral, topotypic (Maryland, USA). Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dlp, divergent lobes of paramere; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine; vmc, ventromedian cleft of gonocoxite; vml, ventromedian lobes of gonocoxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
); Southern
<collectingRegion id="EB3A82F1FFB74B4FFAABF9AAFAFB2041" box="[1299,1379,1559,1581]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FFB74B4FFAD5F9A5FA042041" box="[1389,1436,1560,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">USA</collectingCountry>
south to Central America.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFBC9F988FAF82027" ID-CoL="8GTY9" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[1137,1376,1589,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFBC9F988FB182026" box="[1137,1152,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB34F988FB612026" box="[1164,1273,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">arizonensis</emphasis>
Fitzgerald
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFADEF988FA052026" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1589,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B92D7AFFB74B4FFADEF988FA052026" box="[1382,1437,1589,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="920A54B6FFB74B4FFF2FF9EEFA0520D3" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FF9EEFA0420EA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FF9EEFA0420EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
7 In posterior view, gonostylus more robust (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFDC3F9EFFD5A2004" box="[635,706,1618,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,924,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-337@33.[164,1424,921,1864]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Male terminalia. 38. P. heteroptera, dorsal, tergite nine removed, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 39. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, dorsal, tergite nine removed. 40. P. heteroptera, posterior, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 41. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529554/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, paramere more broadly rounded, less diamond-shaped (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFACDF9EFFF6420E9" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,924,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-337@33.[164,1424,921,1864]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Male terminalia. 38. P. heteroptera, dorsal, tergite nine removed, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 39. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, dorsal, tergite nine removed. 40. P. heteroptera, posterior, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 41. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529554/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
, p);
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&amp;
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east of the Rocky Mountains..........................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFB60F9CDFA0420EA" ID-CoL="76Q3R" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1240,1436,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteroptera">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB60F9CDFB7F20E9" box="[1240,1255,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB4BF9D2FAFA20E8" box="[1267,1378,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">heteroptera</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29414C13FFB74B4FFF2FF930FA0520D3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<keyLead id="920FEF26FFB74B4FFF2FF930FA0520D3" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
- In posterior view, gonostylus more slender (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFD3DF930FD5420CF" box="[645,716,1677,1699]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,924,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-337@33.[164,1424,921,1864]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Male terminalia. 38. P. heteroptera, dorsal, tergite nine removed, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 39. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, dorsal, tergite nine removed. 40. P. heteroptera, posterior, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 41. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529554/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, paramere more diamond-shaped (
<figureCitation id="B1C55096FFB74B4FFB17F930FB6D20CE" box="[1199,1269,1677,1699]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–41" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,924,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-337@33.[164,1424,921,1864]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 38–41. Male terminalia. 38. P. heteroptera, dorsal, tergite nine removed, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 39. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, dorsal, tergite nine removed. 40. P. heteroptera, posterior, topotypic (Maryland, USA). 41. P. yakima n. sp., holotype, posterior. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: c, cerci; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529554/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
, p); northwestern
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, widespread in
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........................................................
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FFB74B4FFB21F916FAF820AC" ID-CoL="8GTZS" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[1177,1376,1706,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB21F916FB3020AC" box="[1177,1192,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFB0CF917FB6120D3" box="[1204,1273,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">yakima</emphasis>
Fitzgerald
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FFB74B4FFADEF917FA0520D3" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1706,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00B92D7AFFB74B4FFADEF917FA0520D3" box="[1382,1437,1706,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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