205 lines
24 KiB
XML
205 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="563DE91D74127CD8C7156A9F2854607D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8167" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0b1c09e-298d-497d-b6de-cd74367c983e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529512" ID-ZooBank="3ADD4A2B-A3F9-4379-A8FE-39DD867531F7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612954843127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fitzgerald, Scott J." docDate="2021" docId="A157FD05FF974B6EFF2FFC13FC1A26B9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penthetria nigerrima 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="493" masterDocId="5D6E857DFFBD4B45FFB8FFBDFF98266C" masterDocTitle="Penthetria Meigen (Diptera: Bibionidae): Revision of the New World species and world catalog" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="493" updateTime="1698928650180" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="24ED3DD0CB945C32D4BA4E58AE54F6D3">Penthetria Meigen (Diptera: Bibionidae): Revision of the New World species and world catalog</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88C2FB18C3EA1306EA4E8FA70A45C5BB">Fitzgerald, Scott J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="08AED6640DE823366D550BC1EA818B8B">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A157FD05FF974B6EFF2FFC13FC1A26B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529548" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A157FD05FF974B6EFF2FFC13FC1A26B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A157FD05FF974B6EFF2FFC13FC1A26B9" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<subSubSection id="61E41F98FF974B6FFF2FFC13FDF825A4" box="[151,608,942,969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="29414C13FF974B6FFF2FFC13FDF825A4" blockId="42.[151,608,942,969]" box="[151,608,942,969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<heading id="7209FB7FFF974B6FFF2FFC13FDF825A4" bold="true" box="[151,608,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFF2FFC13FDF825A4" ID-CoL="7723S" authority="(Bellardi), 1859" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,608,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFF2FFC13FDF825A4" bold="true" box="[151,608,942,969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFF2FFC13FE0F25A5" bold="true" box="[151,407,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Penthetria nigerrima</emphasis>
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(Bellardi), 1859
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61E41F98FF974B6EFF2FFC4AFC1A26B9" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="29414C13FF974B6FFF2FFC4AFE0F2065" blockId="42.[151,1437,1014,2014]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFF2FFC4AFE46227D" bold="true" box="[151,478,1014,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFF2FFC4AFF4A227D" box="[151,210,1015,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Type</typeStatus>
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Material & Remarks
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</emphasis>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFD9CFC4AFDC0227D" box="[548,600,1015,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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(s) of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFD26FC4AFC17227C" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[670,911,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFD26FC4AFC17227C" box="[670,911,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Penthetria nigerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(originally described in
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFB08FC4AFB60227D" baseAuthorityName="Pinto & Amorim" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1200,1272,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFB08FC4AFB60227D" box="[1200,1272,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Plecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) could not be located. The original description states of the
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFD2AFBA6FD512259" box="[658,713,1051,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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(s): “Collezioni del Museo zoologico di Parigi, di Saussure e Bellardi” (Collections of the Zoological Museum of Paris, Saussure and Bellardi). However, no
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFB1BFB82FB462235" box="[1187,1246,1087,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">types</typeStatus>
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could be located at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris (Christophe Daugeron and Emmanuel Delfosse (
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<collectionCode id="4FEFD4D6FF974B6FFA8DFBDEFA082211" box="[1333,1424,1123,1149]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">MNHN</collectionCode>
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), personal communication, 2019) nor at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
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<collectingRegion id="EB3A82F1FF974B6FFC7CFB3AFB8422CD" box="[964,1052,1159,1185]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Geneva</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFB9FFB3AFB2822CD" box="[1063,1200,1159,1185]" name="Switzerland" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, where the collection of Henri Louis Frederic de Saussure is housed (Emmanuel Toussaint (
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<collectionCode id="4FEFD4D6FF974B6FFC05FB16FB8022A9" box="[957,1048,1195,1221]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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), personal communication, 2019). According to a historical account of Saussure’s travels and collecting in
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<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFC7AFB72FB802285" box="[962,1048,1231,1257]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFB9EFB72FB4A2285" author="Papavero, N." box="[1062,1234,1231,1257]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" refId="ref35666" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, Volume II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S " o Paulo, S " o Paulo, 446 pp." type="book" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
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), Saussure visited
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<collectingRegion id="EB3A82F1FF974B6FFF2FFB4EFF662361" box="[151,254,1267,1293]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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, Córdoba, Tospán, Orizaba,
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<collectingRegion id="EB3A82F1FF974B6FFD84FB4EFD132361" box="[572,651,1267,1293]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Puebla</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EB3A82F1FF974B6FFD2FFB4EFCBD2361" box="[663,805,1267,1293]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
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, Tampico, and other cities in the interior and returned to Geneva with the specimens. During Bellardi’s work on the “Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana” he apparently had access to about
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<specimenCount id="3FF8879AFF974B6FFEE9FA86FE622339" box="[337,506,1339,1365]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
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collected by Saussure (and his traveling companion Adrien Louis Jean Francois Sumichrast) and presumably some of these specimens were retained and became part of the Bellardi Collection (
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<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFF27FA3EFED723F1" author="Papavero, N." box="[159,335,1411,1437]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" refId="ref35666" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the History of Neotropical Dipterology, Volume II. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S " o Paulo, S " o Paulo, 446 pp." type="book" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
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). Unfortunately, the Bellardi Collection (housed at Museo Regional de Scienze Naturali, Turin,
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<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFF2FFA1AFF5423AE" box="[151,204,1447,1474]" name="Italy" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Italy</collectingCountry>
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) was inaccessible during the time of this study due to renovations of the museum (Fulvio Giachino (
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<collectionCode id="4FEFD4D6FF974B6FFA83FA1AFA0823AD" box="[1339,1424,1447,1473]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="Herbarium">MRSN</collectionCode>
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), personal communication, 2019, no response in 2020) and it is unclear if any specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFB34FA76FA8F2388" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1164,1303,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFB34FA76FA8F2388" box="[1164,1303,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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determined by Bellardi exist there.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="29414C13FF974B6FFF7FF9AEFAEC21F9" blockId="42.[151,1437,1014,2014]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
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<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFF7FF9AEFEC62041" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[199,350,1554,1581]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref33819" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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states that the
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFDBCF9AEFDAC2041" box="[516,564,1555,1581]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFDE1F9AEFD7C2040" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[601,740,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFDE1F9AEFD7C2040" box="[601,740,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in Paris and that the
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFC50F9AEFB802041" box="[1000,1048,1555,1581]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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locality is Orizaba,
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<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFB41F9AEFACA2041" box="[1273,1362,1555,1581]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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. However, this is information given by Bellardi in the original description, and it does not appear that Hardy examined the
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFF2FF9E6FF5F2019" box="[151,199,1627,1653]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFF53F9E6FEED2018" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[235,373,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFF53F9E6FEED2018" box="[235,373,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as it is not listed under the material he examined (he states that “the writer has studied topotypic specimens”). Due to the fact that Bellardi’s original description is devoid of any useful information and that Hardy did not examine the
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<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFE3EF91EFE2120D1" box="[390,441,1699,1725]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
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, one can only assume that Hardy’s concept of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFC60F91EFBFE20D0" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[984,1126,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFC60F91EFBFE20D0" box="[984,1126,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on the “topotypic specimens” he studied from Orizaba. Unfortunately, there are at least two species of
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFBF3F97AFB59208D" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1099,1217,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFBF3F97AFB59208D" box="[1099,1217,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Penthetria</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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that have been collected in Orizaba. The first is presumably the one illustrated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFCEFF956FC752169" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[855,1005,1770,1797]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref33819" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
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under the name
|
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFB1DF956FAB72168" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1189,1327,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
|
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFB1DF956FAB72168" box="[1189,1327,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(possibly synonymous with
|
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFEDFF8B2FD9C2144" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,516,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFEDFF8B2FD9C2144" box="[359,516,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. arizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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though the ventromedian lobes in
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<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFC37F8B2FBA22145" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[911,1082,1806,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref33819" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy’s (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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illustration are more similar to those found in
|
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<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFE87F88EFE572120" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[319,463,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigrita">
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<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFE87F88EFE572120" box="[319,463,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. neonigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and the second, found among material at
|
||
<collectionCode id="4FEFD4D6FF974B6FFC16F88EFC672121" box="[942,1023,1843,1869]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFBC6F88EFA9D2120" baseAuthorityName="Hardy" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1150,1285,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFBC6F88EFA9D2120" box="[1150,1285,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two species from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFF43F8EAFEB3211D" box="[251,299,1879,1905]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality leaves the true identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFD1FF8EAFCA9211C" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[679,817,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFD1FF8EAFCA9211C" box="[679,817,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
irreconcilable without a study of the missing
|
||
<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFA9FF8EAFAC3211D" box="[1319,1371,1879,1905]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Considering this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFE97F8C6FE2221F8" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[303,442,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFE97F8C6FE2221F8" box="[303,442,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated as unrecognized (
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFD4CF8C6FC0121F9" box="[756,921,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
) until the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFBB5F8C6FBA521F9" box="[1037,1085,1915,1941]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
|
||
can be located and studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29414C13FF974B6EFF7FF822FC1A26B9" blockId="42.[151,1437,1014,2014]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFF7FF822FEF921D6" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[199,353,1951,1978]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref34086" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1966) Family Bibionidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de S " o Paulo, S " o Paulo, pp. 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1966">Hardy (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF974B6FFD95F822FD2321D4" baseAuthorityName="Bellardi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[557,699,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFD95F822FD2321D4" box="[557,699,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">P. nigerrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFCBCF822FCC421D5" box="[772,860,1951,1977]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFCD2F822FC5121D5" box="[874,969,1951,1977]" name="Ecuador" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51E90C83FF974B6FFBB0F822FBE121D5" box="[1032,1145,1951,1977]" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the South American records were repeated in later works by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFDE6F87EFCBA21B1" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[606,802,1987,2013]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="627 - 634" refId="ref33125" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2000) Bibionidae. In: Llorente Bousquets, J. E., Gonzalez Soriano, E. & Papavero, N. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeograpfia de Artropodos de Mexico. Vol. II. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, pp. 627 - 634." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fitzgerald (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D6F31E2FF974B6FFCE2F87EFBD521B2" author="Falaschi, R. L. & Oliveira, S. S. & Amorim, D. S." box="[858,1101,1987,2014]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" pagination="20 - 25" refId="ref32976" refString="Falaschi, R. L., Oliveira, S. S. & Amorim, D. S. (2016) Family Bibionidae. Zootaxa, 4122 (1), 20 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4122.1.5" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Falaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF974B6FFC07F87EFC6921B1" box="[959,1009,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, until the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F645F2B1FF974B6FFA8AF87EFAF521B1" box="[1330,1389,1987,2013]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">types</typeStatus>
|
||
can be studied and the true identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEFE3790FF964B6EFDA7FF2AFD2826DC" box="[543,688,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B8A9001FF964B6EFDA7FF2AFD2826DC" box="[543,688,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">P. nigerrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed, all previous records of this species should be viewed as potentially being based on misidentification and therefore ignored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |