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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. &amp; De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="9C949EA9DA0D7D9538815CDDD1EB4545" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) japonensis Soest, Beglinger &amp; Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360708" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FF7DBEA7-C1DE-429A-A309-743FAAF8068F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C949EA9DA0D7D9538815CDDD1EB4545" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FF7DBEA7-C1DE-429A-A309-743FAAF8068F" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus Stoeba japonensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D18A–C">A-D18A-C</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stoeba extensa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="extensa">Stoeba extensa</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Phuwapraisirisan, P" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron Letters" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="2125 - 2128" title="Shinsonefuran, a cytotoxic furanosesterterpene with a novel carbon skeleton, from the deep-sea sponge Stoeba extensa." volume="45" year="2004">Phuwapraisirisan et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 2128
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Holotype ZMA Por. 17646 (voucher fragment of a specimen used in natural products research) Japan, near Anami-oshima Island, 157-161 m, 28.873°N; 129.5532°E, coll. N. Fusetani, dredge, field nr. S01-111, 7 November 2003.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">Paratype</pageBreakToken>
ZMA Por. 19889 (voucher fragment of a specimen used in natural products research), Japan, Kagoshima Prefecture, Ooshima-shinsone, 150 m, 28.8667°N; 122.55°E, coll. Y. Nakao, dredge, field nr. S01-118, 16 July 2001.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Holotype (Fig. 17A) is a blackish brown fragment of 3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×3×">x3x</normalizedToken>
1 cm (live colour also noted as black). Surface lumpy but smooth, shiny. Consistency firm, compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Skeleton: at the surface a crust of microscleres, overlying a dense confused mass of calthrops.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Spicules: calthrops, sanidasters, compressed sanidasters (pseudasters).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Calthrops of holotype (Fig. 17B) equiangled, regular, 105
<normalizedToken originalValue="–170.8–">-170.8-</normalizedToken>
223
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14
<normalizedToken originalValue="–20.7–">-20.7-</normalizedToken>
28
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(cladomes 182
<normalizedToken originalValue="–286.3–">-286.3-</normalizedToken>
365
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
); of the paratype (Fig. 18A), equiangled, some with
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘hooked’">'hooked'</normalizedToken>
apices, 33
<normalizedToken originalValue="–177.2–">-177.2-</normalizedToken>
252
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–23.9–">-23.9-</normalizedToken>
37
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(cladomes 63
<normalizedToken originalValue="–319.0–">-319.0-</normalizedToken>
451
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Sanidasters of holotype (Fig. 17C) long, relatively slim, 27
<normalizedToken originalValue="–28.8–">-28.8-</normalizedToken>
31
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.9–">-3.9-</normalizedToken>
4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; of the paratype (Fig. 18B), similarly slim, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="–25.7–">-25.7-</normalizedToken>
33
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.5–">-4.5-</normalizedToken>
6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Compressed sanidasters of the holotype (Fig. 17D), mostly elongated-oval, only few are more or less globular, 7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.1–">-10.1-</normalizedToken>
15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; of the paratype (Fig. 18C), similarly oval or even shaped as
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘double’">'double'</normalizedToken>
asters, 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="–9.3–">-9.3-</normalizedToken>
14
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 17646, from Japan, Amami-oshima Islands A habit (scale bar 1 cm) B calthrops C sanidasters D compressed sanidasters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype ZMA Por. 19889, from Japan, Ooshima-shinsone, A calthrops B sanidasters C compressed sanidasters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Named after the Japanese type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dredged from deeper water, at approx. 150 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Both specimens came from nearby locations, so the distribution so far appears limited to offshore Japan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
It is with some hesitation that these two Japanese sponges are assigned to a new species, rather than to
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
sp. n. The two species appear generally similar, but sanidasters are shorter and slimmer than in
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and the compressed sanidasters are few and consist mostly of oval rather than globular shapes. Combined with the clearly deeper occurrence and the considerable geographic distance we believe it is justified to consider both distinct at the species level. The two are obviously closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
(see Table 3) with which they form a species complex.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Table 3. Spicule sizes of specimens similar to
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<table pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">Author</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">calthrops cladi</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">sanidaster</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">compressed sanidaster</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">locality</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th colspan="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<td colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, O" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Die Spongien der Kueste von Algier" volumeTitle="Mit Nachtraegen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement)" year="1868">Schmidt 1868</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<td colspan="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Keller, C" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer wissenschaftliche Zoologie" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="294 - 368" title="Die Spongienfauna des Rothen Meeres (II. Halfte)." volume="52" year="1891">Keller 1891</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th colspan="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th colspan="5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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