208 lines
16 KiB
XML
208 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26872" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e9ebf2c-eea5-4caa-a7e2-ee8f0d46ed07" ID-PMC="PMC6160806" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-783-67" ID-PubMed="30275727" ID-ZBK="F112E03FCC9F4D7CBE53B43BA2918184" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-783-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 783" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Polynemadikobraz species-group with description of a remarkable new species from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae)" checkinTime="1536028089924" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van & Triapitsyn, Serguei V." docDate="2018" docId="FB8B7E1DD8D93D785F62BE15A06BA5F7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 783: 67-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 783" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26872" docTitle="Polynema (Polynema) sagittaria van Noort & Triapitsyn, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BF62E578-DB4E-4632-9AB2-A12FE7E10AF1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="9E26FF93CB40E508A350FF89B954FFB8" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Polynemadikobraz species-group with description of a remarkable new species from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668166194603" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Polynemadikobraz species-group with description of a remarkable new species from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>783</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>84</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26872</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26872</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-783-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F112E03FCC9F4D7CBE53B43BA2918184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F112E03FCC9F4D7CBE53B43BA2918184</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147507647" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BF62E578-DB4E-4632-9AB2-A12FE7E10AF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB8B7E1DD8D93D785F62BE15A06BA5F7" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BF62E578-DB4E-4632-9AB2-A12FE7E10AF1" authority="van Noort & Triapitsyn" class="Insecta" family="Clavicipitaceae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema (Polynema) sagittaria" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittaria" subGenus="Polynema">Polynema (Polynema) sagittaria van Noort & Triapitsyn</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Holotype ♀ (deposited in SAMC), point mounted: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, Cederberg, Sawadee Farm,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-32.332">32°19.92'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="18.987333">18°59.24'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 24-28.ix.2003, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, CE03-M01, Dry Mountain Fynbos, 380 m, SAM-HYM-P086324, imaged WaspWeb, LAS 4.9, SAMC 2017. Paratypes. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape: same data as holotype, except for collecting event number: CE03-M05, and catalogue number: SAM-HYM-P086325, imaged WaspWeb, LAS 4.9, SAMC 2017 (1 ♀ on slide, SAMC); Banghoek Valley, Dwarsriviershoek Farm,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-33.93717">33°56.23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="18.961834">18°57.71'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 410 m, 22.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="x–">x-</normalizedToken>
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27.xi.2013, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, BH12-FYN3-M14, SAM-HYM-P084138 (1 ♀ on slide, SAMC) [specimen lacks both hind wings; DNA was extracted using a non-destructive method, John M. Heraty's Laboratory molecular voucher D6195]; Kogelberg Nature Reserve,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-34.274666">34°16.48'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="19.017166">19°01.03'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 16.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="x–">x-</normalizedToken>
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16.xi.1999, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, K098-M44, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, last burnt c. 1988, SAM-HYM-P082695 (1 ♀ on point, SAMC); 10 km S of Citrusdal, Kornlandskloof [S32°40', E19°02], 7-9.x.1994, meadow at stand of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Herrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Herrea blanda" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blanda">Herrea blanda</taxonomicName>
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, M. Sodelund, MT (1 ♀ on point, CNCI).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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The species epithet
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“sagittaria”">"sagittaria"</normalizedToken>
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is Latin for armed with bow, with reference to the bowed ovipositor sheaths. Noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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The highly modified ovipositor immediately distinguishes this species from all other described
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polynema</taxonomicName>
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species in Africa. Morphologically similar to the recently described species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dikobraz" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dikobraz">P. dikobraz</taxonomicName>
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from Madagascar, and the second undescribed Madagascan species, all three species having similar modified fore wing microtrichia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="affinities">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Affinities.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Based on the putative morphological synapomorphy of modified microtrichia on the fore wing disc,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagittaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="sagittaria">P. sagittaria</taxonomicName>
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is clearly related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dikobraz" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dikobraz">P. dikobraz</taxonomicName>
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, but has more numerous, shorter modified wing disc microtrichia than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dikobraz" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dikobraz">P. dikobraz</taxonomicName>
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. The extensive external ovipositor housing is an obvious distinction within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dikobraz" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dikobraz">P. dikobraz</taxonomicName>
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species-group, but this is likely to be a character state that has evolved independently in a number of mymarid genera (see discussion).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">South Africa. Only known from the Western Cape Province.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Mountain fynbos, a vegetation type specific to the Cape Floral region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description of female holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Size and colour. Total length of body, with head in prognathous position, 1700
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Head 205; mesosoma 511; petiole 114; metasoma 1140; ovipositor 2110 folded, 3800 total length (unfolded). Antenna: radicle 18; rest of scape 96; pedicel 91; F1 92; F2 204; F3 173; F4 115; F5 97; F6 94; clava 204. Fore wing 1670: 340; longest marginal seta 517; longest discal (spine-like) seta 117. Hind wing 1260: 23; longest marginal seta 267. Habitus (Fig. 1A, B). Head dark brown to black on vertex, face and mesosoma yellowish-brown, pedicel and anterior third of metasoma yellowish, rest of metasoma dark brown; scape dark brown, pedicel and F1-F6 yellowish, clava dark brown; legs yellowish.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema sagittaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittaria">Polynema sagittaria</taxonomicName>
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Holotype female. A Habitus, lateral view B Habitus, dorsal view (inset: data labels) C Head and mesosoma, dorsal view D Head and mesosoma, anterior-dorsal view E Head, vertex F Pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Head (Figs 1E, 2B, 3A). Mandible 3-dentate. Antenna (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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): scape coriaceous, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide in lateral view (excluding a short radicle); pedicel as long as F1; F2 the longest funicular segment, F3 longer than the following funicular segments, F4 a little longer than F5, the latter slightly longer than F6, F6 with one mps; clava long, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with 4 mps (3 apical and 1 subapical).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema sagittaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittaria">Polynema sagittaria</taxonomicName>
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Holotype female. A Body, lateral view B Head, anterior view C Antennae, lateral view D Antennae, dorsal view E Antennal clavae, dorsal view F Wings, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema sagittaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittaria">Polynema sagittaria</taxonomicName>
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Paratype female, slide-mounted. A Head, anterior view B Antenna, lateral view C Metasoma, lateral view D Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view E Fore wing, dorsal view F Fore wing discal microtrichia, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Mesosoma (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 1F, 3D). Coriaceous. Pronotum mediolongitudinally divided, with numerous stout, truncate setae, collar with two strong truncate setae. Mesoscutum 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long, 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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scutellar length. Axilla with 1 strong truncate seta (30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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). Scutellum with a row of tiny, indistinct foveae on frenal line; with two anterior truncate setae. Propodeum smooth, with a truncate seta each side of the midline. Fore wing (Figure 2F) 4.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; submarginal vein without seta, marginal vein with 1 dorsal seta; longest marginal seta 0.785
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximum width of wing; disc with a distinct apical brown patch in close apposition to wing margin, occupying approximately a third of wing disc length; brownish areas in apical third of disc among spine-like microtrichia; disc setose throughout (apical two thirds of disc with normal microtrichia), with 130-140 very long, dark brown, strongly enlarged spine-like modified microtrichia (Figs 1A, 2F, 3E, 3F) on proximal brown infuscation area on wing disc. Hind wing (Figs 2F, 4A) 54.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; apex of venation with a short, thickened seta; disc slightly infumate, longest marginal seta 11.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximum width of wing. All coxae smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Polynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polynema sagittaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittaria">Polynema sagittaria</taxonomicName>
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Paratype female, slide-mounted. A Hind wing, dorsal view B Ovipositor distal flexion, lateral view C Ovipositor valves with terminal annuli and three dorsal notches on dorsal valve, sheaths and terminal metasomal segments, lateral view D Slide detail.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Metasoma (Figs 2A, 3C). Petiole smooth, approximately 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, slightly longer than metacoxa; ovipositor extending anteriorly in metasomal sac between the legs, 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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further forward than head length; doubled back on itself in a bow-like fashion, with complex fold at anterior extremity (Figure 4B); only slightly extending beyond the metasomal apex by 0.05
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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metasomal length, 1.24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of body in folded position (Figure 2A), 2.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of body if totally extended in unfolded position; ovipositor valve with 10 closely-spaced, indistinct, terminal annuli; pre-terminally with three unevenly spaced dorsal notches (Figure 4C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Body length 1.45-1.68 mm; ovipositor (folded) length 1.93-2.00 mm in the paratype specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |