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<document id="D5EEA762C3C5A690DFB7803B0347E835" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11450706" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450706" ID-ZooBank="403B362E-9A7F-4385-A0F1-9DB87FE09AD2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1717426567580" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skarlinsky Ii, Thomas L." docDate="2024" docId="AD3887D7FFC7A17FFF2F009470CDFBDE" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2024.1039.1-64.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2024 (39)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Frankliniella occidentalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="5101FFAFFFF4A14CFFEF00717466FFD3" masterDocTitle="The identification of the flower thrips, Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) intercepted at U. S. ports of entry" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1717427677402" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="2FD6795C7F711519655AAD01F84D4892">The identification of the flower thrips, Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) intercepted at U. S. ports of entry</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFC639622EDE5B0C89630DA1926B04B7">Skarlinsky Ii, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7D8E241A1ED215A702A8592DA56EC3C9">APHIS, PPQ, Miami Plant Inspection Station, 6302 NW 36 th Street, Miami, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="461DD360DF763F6942811E8E3055ACD6">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DB4B5DD5BE33A8836FFDA441A903FCD1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA7D6958FF71DE1AFFAED6506E52C8AB">2024-04-05</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="23732EC8D6518BF794C593276ADF5DF1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AD3887D7FFC7A17FFF2F009470CDFBDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11451061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3887D7FFC7A17FFF2F009470CDFBDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD3887D7FFC7A17FFF2F009470CDFBDE" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="6D8B654AFFC7A17FFF2F00947763FED1" box="[192,773,229,258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F00947763FED1" blockId="51.[192,773,229,258]" box="[192,773,229,258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="7E6681ADFFC7A17FFF2F00947763FED1" box="[192,773,229,258]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" reason="2">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F00947763FED1" bold="true" box="[192,773,229,258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="E2914D42FFC7A17FFF2F009476F4FED1" ID-CoL="6JKTR" authority="(Pergande)" baseAuthorityName="Pergande" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[192,658,229,258]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Frankliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F00947598FED1" bold="true" box="[192,510,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Frankliniella occidentalis</emphasis>
(Pergande)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFD4D0094769AFED1" box="[674,764,229,258]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8B654AFFC7A17FFF2F0160702FFD05" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F0160709FFEBC" blockId="51.[192,1440,273,367]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F0160755AFEF8" bold="true" box="[192,316,273,299]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be variably shaded from pale to dark. Dark specimens can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="E2914D42FFC7A17FFAA90163756CFE9E" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Frankliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFAA90163756CFE9E" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">F.panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differ from the latter by having eyes with many ventral pigmented facets, a shorter abdominal tergite VIII posteromarginal comb and usually lack microtrichia on the upper surface of the hind coxae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F010F764AFDB1" blockId="51.[191,1441,382,610]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F010F75BEFE4B" bold="true" box="[192,472,382,408]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Distinguishing features.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFE34010F7678FE4B" box="[475,542,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Color.</emphasis>
Body, intermediate/pale (most common) (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFC1A010F7031FE4B" box="[1013,1111,382,408]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43A</figureCitation>
) or dark (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFB2E010F7147FE4B" box="[1217,1313,382,408]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43B</figureCitation>
), forewings pale, legs indistinctly shaded or pale (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFD8E01D17698FE69" box="[609,766,416,442]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43A, 43B</figureCitation>
). Eyes with many ventral pigmented facets, the darker facets in the 1-1-2 pattern with a longitudinal row of 3 paler pigmented facets that extend from between the inner and medial darker facets to the anterior outer margin (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFD1501927739FE2E" box="[762,863,483,509]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFC9B01927786FE2E" box="[884,992,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Structure.</emphasis>
Head with the PO1 setae, OC3 setae in position 2B (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFEBC027575DCFDCC" box="[339,442,516,543]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43D</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with 2–4 mAM (
<figureCitation id="BDAA2A44FFC7A17FFCE90275770BFDCC" box="[774,877,516,543]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="52.[192,261,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[354,1279,233,1287]" captionTargetId="figure-36@52.[348,1285,227,1292]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 43. A–D) Frankliniella occidentalis. A) Intermediate pale form. B) Dark form. C) Ventral compound eye. D) Head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11451111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11451111/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Fig. 43D</figureCitation>
). Upper surface of the hind coxae usually without microtrichia. Abdominal tergite VIII posteromarginal comb complete, microtrichia length about the same as the distance between 2 microtrichia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F02007619FD5F" blockId="51.[192,639,625,652]" box="[192,639,625,652]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F020075B4FD58" bold="true" box="[192,466,625,651]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Interception frequency.</emphasis>
Very common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F02EB702FFD05" blockId="51.[192,1440,666,727]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F02EB759FFD66" bold="true" box="[192,505,666,693]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Region(s) of interceptions.</emphasis>
Asia,
<collectingCountry id="5D867651FFC7A17FFDD102EA76C2FD66" box="[574,676,667,693]" name="Australia" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
and the Pacific, Central America and the Caribbean, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, North America, South America, Sub-Saharan Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8B654AFFC7A17FFF2F029770CDFBDE" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="252E36C1FFC7A17FFF2F029770CDFBDE" blockId="51.[191,1442,742,1037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFF2F0297752EFCD3" bold="true" box="[192,328,742,768]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Comments.</emphasis>
This species, commonly known as the western flower thrips (WFT) was the most frequently intercepted
<taxonomicName id="E2914D42FFC7A17FFEE0037975FCFCF1" box="[271,410,776,802]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Frankliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFEE0037975FCFCF1" box="[271,410,776,802]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Frankliniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at
<collectingCountry id="5D867651FFC7A17FFE56037975BDFCF1" box="[441,475,776,802]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">US</collectingCountry>
ports of entry from 1985 until 2021. Molecular evidence by Rugman-Jones et al. (2010) suggested
<taxonomicName id="E2914D42FFC7A17FFED9035B75B7FC90" baseAuthorityName="Pergande" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[310,465,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Frankliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFED9035B75B7FC90" box="[310,465,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">F. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of two sympatric, morphologically identical species. The authors designated the two molecularly divergent groups as WFT lupin (WFTL) and WFT greenhouse (WFTG). More recently
<bibRefCitation id="41004B30FFC7A17FFF2F031D758AFC54" author="Gunawardana DN &amp; Li D &amp; Masumoto M &amp; Mound LA &amp; O'Donnell CA &amp; Skarlinsky TL" box="[192,492,876,903]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref21009" refString="Gunawardana DN, Li D, Masumoto M, Mound LA, O'Donnell CA, Skarlinsky TL. 2017. Resolving the confused identity of Frankliniella panamensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Zootaxa 4323 (1): 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="2017">Gunawardana et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
reported that some
<taxonomicName id="E2914D42FFC7A17FFD3C031D7738FC55" box="[723,862,876,902]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Frankliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E5EAD3FFC7A17FFD3C031D7738FC55" box="[723,862,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Frankliniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have microtrichia on the upper surface of the hind coxae. I subsequently examined some of the Rugman-Jones et al. (2010) DNA voucher specimens and discovered that from the provided female specimens those with the molecular haplotypes L and R from the WFTL group, Rugman-Jones et al. (2010), possess microtrichia on the upper hind coxae. Additionally, these specimens vary in shading, from pale to dark, and the B1 setae on abdominal tergite IX are less than 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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