176 lines
21 KiB
XML
176 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="D0496A023F35BE0561B50B68AA601827" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7769388-0001-41c5-b0e1-ed5f78a03d10" ModsDocID="z00759p001" checkinTime="1246968204379" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo & James S. Albert" docDate="2004" docId="7A03436280E2631EADD5DDB2092632E8" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_Maldonado-Ocampo_Albert_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 759" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65BFBBF6-8195-47AD-97F2-4D1B0AD85CD3" docTitle="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert, 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="D217391D6563000FFAA5254FC94A885A" masterDocTitle="Gymnotus ardilai: a new species of Neotropical electric fish (Ostariophysi: Gymnotidae) from the Rio Magdalena Basin of Colombia." masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1701314063379" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="AA461406CB8688C117627665E05B2408" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="215919D08EA62555057EA59E587FD0DE">
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<mods:title id="286F2AC13B7B0C2556A9C49097CFAFB7">Gymnotus ardilai: a new species of Neotropical electric fish (Ostariophysi: Gymnotidae) from the Rio Magdalena Basin of Colombia.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8942FE56AAF935D31BFFDB25A57B7B01" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F4CDC79CDA5FF8B073E5356A8C233BBD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB03CD50236B72AB7200E17602DB369F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0BB066A9EEA227F1B7743A4A005170DC">Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AECED41E265BA783BABCE18624B11995" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F69B4AB73F1F186E96A01D1E19390A29">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A490FA5C0878B6ED82B497E3E87DCD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0C1FB133D7C6CE232BA9F3C1451FCE84">James S. Albert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CA474165A3664630F9023AE895AFBD66">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3708B6C583B514DF85831A4C89F99DAB">
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<mods:title id="9CC3FA36AD6DC22B0A08290B7D1BB34B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6C04B79061158ACB1408854275CCB49D">
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<mods:date id="7F3F692B96E3D1BCDE845C32E09AACD3">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7C30D0A847E22BC6DE5533FE06A25753" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DDFA60F194A7CC8980A207A2F23CA23">759</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="7BCE6FEA5E185CB670B38B49EEECAA3E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="03E881D35EAE25E4642E9B758F8B8AF5">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D8BD864D4C71E7858BC5E3EC125446EB">10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="2A2507F145BC38682829C38BF5B6B64F">
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<mods:url id="AA50252D54958F5B722BCC9C8D672365">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65BFBBF6-8195-47AD-97F2-4D1B0AD85CD3</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="D5E2F93260ED57BFCDB69CFC705A4387">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E1A64BCBA57B72361AE3CB4A39A14820" type="Plazi-Custom">z00759p001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4E6C92C5453327DC93AF0CB9B94D05D" type="ZooBank">65BFBBF6-8195-47AD-97F2-4D1B0AD85CD3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7A03436280E2631EADD5DDB2092632E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270992" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A03436280E2631EADD5DDB2092632E8" lastPageNumber="9" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="F09CA93FB06C2BF5FCED50C5B9703C45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6DBE994A5AF0B58692309E526299CC09" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="174D3B2959A968A3B68F5CB52DC01578" ID-CoL="3HVLV" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:4" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardilai">Gymnotus ardilai</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="594D3A77759F05094A68E09DE6CC11FE" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="20CE0861764E1D8506B5F707EC066149" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E2A4FF3B655D2147B0984BA96136A91A" pageNumber="5">(Figs. 1-3).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFCCD00746FA76F7C2E80CEB35DC9CA" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B2BFC9CF3203F1C91BC43DB0BA017C83" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation id="7CAD91036FA2F521EFF9AEDB7B2CB481" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904832" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Santander">
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<typeStatus id="77A0E53E1C8380B1BAB6670103175856">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. - IAvHP 3477 (
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<collectionCode id="C4DE418E30342804F2FC87F7B341CC82" collectionName="CAR">CAR</collectionCode>
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05), 430 mm TL. Female.
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<collectingCountry id="0922C56D5C7FC2DF06BEE9140950C353">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2C438520AF89701F0BDAABADD75175D7">Santander</collectingRegion>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="B7CA1F57FA6BDBC33857B838030E302B" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="94FDE639D1D4AA8E506D7F3E16463A03" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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de Oro, collected by Carlos Ardila,
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<date id="6CD5EBCEC586F6CC3FE9F1AE32BEDF8E" day="06" month="01" value="2000-01-06" year="2000">6 January 2000</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97189E5B1465737E3A3D8A38BD4EAEFE" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation id="E07014DA0D4DCEA96539AFF86EE88E23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904831" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Santander">
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<typeStatus id="D19C758AA0D7B9538DE91587C3C30E26">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. - IAvHP 4001 (2, 219.2-329 mm TL, males).
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<collectingCountry id="AC5B6FE5729A14DB2628405582163DCE">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="6A5EA7DED0D250EA4E9A3906F6130EBC">Santander</collectingRegion>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="4B76A736A9700D93C630D35A9D447AC8" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="45909D0DA6BCC3403EB30131AEF58984" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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de Oro, collected by Carlos Ardila,
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<date id="AFD933C27FA02F64D7E06E58594D7FBF" day="04" month="01" value="2004-01-04" year="2004">4 January 2004</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="985BC02490D6395EC25EE4AD629B1939" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A07CCAE4A5884059B56ED09F7C3A87F8" pageNumber="5">
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Diagnosis. -
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<taxonomicName id="FC49DBF0DD56848AC7950FAFF58833B6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:4" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardilai">Gymnotus ardilai</taxonomicName>
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differs from all congeners in possessing the following unique combination of characters: 1, a clear patch at the caudal end of the anal fin; 2, two laterosensory canal pores (from the preopercular-mandibular series) in the dorso-posterior portion of the preopercle; 3, progressive loss of alternating dark and light pigment bands with the size, with no pigment bands in individuals more than 350 mm TL (a pattern that is readily distinguishable from all other described species of the
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<taxonomicName id="CEA55939911452CF4B1DFDC2726E40D6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group except populations of
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<taxonomicName id="A9AAF0F9F092E64CDA5C89D2151C5C69" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
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from the Guayaquil basin); 4, a long head (HL 10.2- 11.2 % TL total length vs. 7.9-11.8 % in all other species except
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<taxonomicName id="BE2A1DAEB756F46B88842545BEB1CF25" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2D08D200CC726C031ABC65A80977760C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACBF45A9-3BCA-4C7D-83B4-2731E81C13B7" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus arapaima Albert & Crampton 2001:250" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arapaima">G. arapaima</taxonomicName>
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); 5, many (9-10) scales over anal fin pterygiophores (vs. 4-9 in all other species except
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<taxonomicName id="975A319DBA689CC10697DDEC89B275C7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACBF45A9-3BCA-4C7D-83B4-2731E81C13B7" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus arapaima Albert & Crampton 2001:250" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arapaima">G. arapaima</taxonomicName>
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); 6, few (47-48) pored lateral-line scales to first ventral ramus (vs. 32 -38 [median 37] in
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<taxonomicName id="4A6D7C0E2C223BBB32D9F4102204BDB6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9CCB2E-E247-491A-B02F-511595DBEE17" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus mamiraua Albert & Crampton 2001:245" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamiraua">G. mamiraua</taxonomicName>
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, vs. 42-52 [median 48] in
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<taxonomicName id="A4908E7ADC06FA3CB793B83D7865AFB9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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, and vs. 50-64 in all other species); 7, a low (84 n = 1) total number of pored lateral-line scales (84 n = 1vs. 93 -108 [median 98] in
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<taxonomicName id="8FBBA161A20DA3C01A8F025ED8AF81A2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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, and vs. 106-140 in all other species except
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<taxonomicName id="2F0927468E05F827C5175B2611BE2D66" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9CCB2E-E247-491A-B02F-511595DBEE17" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus mamiraua Albert & Crampton 2001:245" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamiraua">G. mamiraua</taxonomicName>
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); and 8, a relatively large eye (orbital diameter 8.5-9.0 % HL vs. 6.0-7.0 % in
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<taxonomicName id="1C03F1543AD1B71EB00975891A2404FB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0C3FEF2C7CE91B583413DAD896E3EED" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1BE59D4B2540F733A55BC24F330410A6" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">
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Description. Body shape and pigment patterns illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Morphometrics and meristics data for the
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<typeStatus id="0A0100E7EB1DB995704329517518D7A5">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="002405A1324312DBD485B33DD6486A07">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Size of maturity and sexual dimorphism unknown. However, the
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<typeStatus id="E872197A0BC491DB14D62660B3546F1C">holotype</typeStatus>
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which corresponds to a female, presents a developed gonad that is present in 2/4 of the body and presents a yellow color. Scales cycloid, ovoid, present on entire post-cranial portion of body from nape to tip of caudal appendage. Scales on dorsal surface relatively large at midbody, eight to nine rows from lateral-line to dorsal midline. Scales small over pterygiophores, nine to 10 scale rows. Lateral-line scales approximately 4.3 mm high by 4.0 mm long in humeral region (n = 1); 5.6 mm high by 6.3 mm long at midbody (n = 1); 3 mm high by 3.5 mm long dorsal to anterior margin of clear patch on anal-fin (n = 1). Gape size in mature specimens large, extending beyond posterior nares. Mouth position superior, lower jaw longer than upper, rictus decurved. Chin fleshy and bulbous with thick pad of electroreceptor organs and support tissues overlying tip of snout and oral jaws. Anterior narial pore included within gape in large narial fold. Anterior nares large, subequal to diameter of eye. Branchial opening moderate (31.2-38.8 % HL). Circumorbital series ovoid. Ethmoid region between anterior nares moderate, its anterior margin rounded. Eye position lateral, lower margin of eye slightly ventral to rictus. Eye relatively large, orbital diameter 8.5-9.0 % HL. Premaxilla and dentary with one row of large, slightly recurved, conical teeth. Premaxilla with 14-22 (n = 2) teeth disposed in single row along outer margin. Dentary with 17-26 (n = 3) teeth disposed in single row along outer margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB53BBCDA0D9F210F8C47D976F962B6B" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="7">Color in life. Head not banded, spotted or blotched, uniformly dark brown but slightly paler in gular region (Fig. 3). Numerous minute chromatophores speckled over branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head. Pectoral-fin rays dark brown or black, interradial membranes hyaline. Anal-fin never blotched, spotted or marked. Analfin rays and membrane dark gray or black on anterior 80% of its length, translucent on posterior 20%. Color variation is progressively correlated with size with larger individuals losing the light bands. Juvenals (34 mm TL) with 15-17 thin well-defined pale bands (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AE39A9ADF548A35431FC265E222B10B" pageNumber="8">Electric organ discharge. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73C237EDB023615E7C055311C58AF545" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="49C12172682F7EBD800D669C0FBEA0DE" pageNumber="8">
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Distribution.
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<taxonomicName id="83658E97B0AE7ECCE534A15BF7820B72" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:4" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardilai">Gymnotus ardilai</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the
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<normalizedToken id="59DCE8C9F70F9C52ED93C60EA9BBE0EE" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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de Oro, where it meets the
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<normalizedToken id="9DB726ACEAF5479CD56724743B5B67C8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Lebrija, in the Magdalena Basin, Colombia (Fig. 5).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D849F44B74C40F0F9730A4924DCFCE7" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="BB343A11E36B6B2992B1BBC1D44F9A40" pageNumber="9">
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Habitat and Ecology. The type and only known locality is an Andean whitewater river (c.1000 meters above sea level, 1.5 meters deep) with low flow, low transparency and high sediment load.
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<taxonomicName id="5D5821230951CB95045AB87322FE7D25" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:4" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardilai">Gymnotus ardilai</taxonomicName>
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is found free swimming along the river margin. The species coexists with
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<taxonomicName id="A9325A1BCDF26BF6F94051B8BBAB4147" family="Sternopygidae" genus="Eigenmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virescens">Eigenmannia virescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="129CEB29C89713CACD7CD77DBE510575" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Pimelodella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chagresi">Pimelodella chagresi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8EBD70F646550DB50174E08B2E8F6F02" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelen">Rhamdia quelen</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="36994A88169A6E2DB32D7344F993A0E8" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomsoni">Chaetostoma thomsoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E66FC013CDC590525AFB13D1A0A57B9B" genus="Dolicancistrus" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="carnegiei">Dolicancistrus carnegiei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B6F1C9C72ADBBDFB487BFCC3D546BA94" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FCB7B198-5C17-47FC-9AC4-FFB63C5FE2B8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand 1922:195" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steindachneri">Geophagus steindachneri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6D4A5B8C8D4E37FC9CE9072F93DBC48A" family="Cichlidae" genus="Aequidens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">Aequidens pulcher</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3EFC5AB2A7D3139ABFC6073689F34366" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55B4D11E-9DA1-4F33-8EFA-47FADA2383FD" family="Characidae" genus="Creagrutus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann 1913:8" order="Characiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">Creagrutus magdalenae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8692A296DD56A2338AD4A205D51ED8E1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D37558B5-5F0E-4DE7-B10A-282FAF084D6E" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Poecilia reticulata Peters 1859:412" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">Poecilia reticulata</taxonomicName>
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. The type locality is heavily polluted from effluents of the municipalities of Pie de Cuesta, Floridablanca and
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<normalizedToken id="4623BD3EF4F35822AA60E248675984E6" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
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. The effect of pollution on the ecology of
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<taxonomicName id="94AA34E4121467CCEEEC10159E119294" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74515B77-AC7E-422E-A8D2-53F7554A7CC4" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:4" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardilai">G. ardilai</taxonomicName>
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is unknown, although this species is very rarely collected and presumably present in low population densities. Examination of the stomach content of the
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<typeStatus id="B15B8CAEC5BFC9333EEA227BE5E7B795">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(212.9 mm TL) shows a diet consisting mostly of aquatic invertebrates, especially larval Odonata.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5336A3771D9685E98D20913FD8B02105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C6E9E5140D0B8BFE8918D72F1BCB9CC1" pageNumber="9">Common name. Lamprea.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F4CB1269B505EE0BCA009F1F0DDDBEE5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DC7728191384386E930B09D9DA91E700" pageNumber="9">Etymology. Specific epithet in honor to Dr. Carlos A. Ardila Rodriguez, President of the Colombian Ichthyological Association (ACICTIOS), who has contributed to the knowledge of Colombian ichthyology.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |