306 lines
29 KiB
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306 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="78CC8B965A7FE518B60ED6419460066E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium juvencum Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78CC8B965A7FE518B60ED6419460066E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78CC8B965A7FE518B60ED6419460066E" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName LSID="78CC8B96-5A7F-E518-B60E-D6419460066E" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium juvencum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum" status="sp. nov.">Lepidium juvencum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="44" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">A L. oleraceo habitu decumbente vel effuso patuloque, caulibus sparsis effusis gracilibus flexilibus, foliis subcoriaceis, apice obtuso vel truncato, plerumque 2--3 dentibus prominentibus ut videtur irregularibus, floribus fructibusque e plantis juvenibus prodientibus, et propria sequentia nucleotidorum DNA distinguenda</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype.">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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New Zealand (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Holotype of Lepidium juvencum Heenan et de Lange." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10783" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Otago Land District, Otago Peninsula, Long Beach, Purakanui, on stabilised sand at base of cliff amongst introdued grasses, 26 November 2009, P. B. Heenan s.n., CHR 609785B! Isotype CHR 609785A!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10783" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 45" startId="F45">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figure 45.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Heenan et de Lange.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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The specific epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">juvencum</emphasis>
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' from the Latin for '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">youthful</emphasis>
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' refers to plants flowering and fruiting only a few months after germinating from seed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Young plant of Lepidium juvencum growing with Poa astonii near shearwater burrows." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10784" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 46</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. (A) Mature silicle of Lepidium juvencum; (B) close up of silicle apex showing slight notch. AK 297694. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10787" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">-49</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, strongly pungent smelling, perennial herb. Growth habit open, straggly, up to 50 cm tall. Stems usually decumbent to sprawling, slender, flexible, sparse; mature stems woody, 100-1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-12 mm, often devoid of foliage on middle and lower parts of stems; new stems 100-400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-4 mm, leafy, glabrous. Leaves glabrous, subcoriaceous, green, often undulate, rosette and stem leaves usually withering, variable in size and shape. Leaves of young and vigorous plants and stems: lamina 37-87
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12-32 mm, elliptic, obovate or elliptic-oblanceolate; apex truncate to obtuse, usually with 2-3 prominent teeth and often appearing irregular; margin singly crenate, with 4-19 pairs of teeth; teeth up to 1.5 mm deep, not overlapping; base attenuate to cuneate, tapering to a distinct or indistinct petiole; petiole up to 23.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.0-5.0 mm, or sessile. Leaves of mature plants and cauline stems: lamina 10-60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-21 mm, elliptic, elliptic-oblanceolate, obovate to elliptic-obovate; apex subacute, truncate or obtuse, usually with 2-3 prominent teeth and often appearing irregular;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
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singly crenate in upper and/or lower half, with 4-19 pairs of teeth; teeth up to 1.3 mm deep, not overlapping; base attenuate to cuneate, tapering to distinct or indistinct petiole, or sessile. Inflorescence terminal and lateral, racemose, 10-60 mm long, rachis 1.0-1.3 mm diam., glabrous; pedicels 4.0-6.0 mm long, erecto-patent, usually glabrous although lower pedicels occasionally sparsely hairy on adaxial surface. Flowers 4.0-5.0 mm diam. Sepals 4, 1.3-1.5 mm long, saccate, overlapping at base, green, apex obtuse, margin white, shape dimorphic; lateral sepals broad, 1.1-1.5 mm diam., orbicular, abaxial surface often hairy, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long; median sepals narrow, 0.9-1.2 mm diam., broadly elliptic, glabrous. Petals white, 2.0-2.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.1-1.5 mm, spreading, claw 0.6-1.0 mm long; limb broadly elliptic to orbicular, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 4(-5); filaments 1.4-1.7 mm long, base 0.3-0.5 mm diam., equal; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long. Ovary 1.0-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.4 mm, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, green to green-brown, apex usually with shoulders; style 0.15-0.25 mm long, cylindrical; stigma 0.3-0.5 mm diam. Nectaries 4, 0.2-0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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c. 0.1 mm, oblong-obovate, green. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, 3.1-4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-3.5 mm, elliptic-rhomboid to orbicular-rhomboid, valves light brown,glabrous, apex shallowly notched, not winged; style 0.2-0.3 mm long, exserted. Seeds 1.6-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.3 mm, narrowly ovoid, brown to orange-brown, not winged. FL Nov-May. FR Nov-Jun.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10784" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="Figure 46" startId="F46">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 46.</emphasis>
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Young plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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growing with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Poa astonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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near shearwater burrows.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10785" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="Figure 47" startId="F47">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 47.</emphasis>
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Flowering stem of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing multiple inflorescences and trailing growth habit. Scale bar = 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10786" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="Figure 48" startId="F48">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 48.</emphasis>
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(From left to right) basal-, mid- and upper-stem leaves of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar = 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10787" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="Figure 49" startId="F49">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 49.</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
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) Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
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) close up of silicle apex showing slight notch. AK 297694. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Zealand (South Island):</emphasis>
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Otago, Long Beach, 30 December 1998, G. S. Stone s.n., (AK 239841); Otago, Long Beach, 25 Jun 1997, D. Nelson s.n. & J. Barkla, (CHR 518601); Otago, Long Beach, 13 July 2009, P. B. Heen
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">an</pageBreakToken>
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s.n., (CHR 609779);Otago,Long Beach, 14 July 2009, P. B. Heenan s.n., (CHR 609780); Tomahawk Beach, 4 February [1920?], B. C. Aston s.n., (WELT SP027651, WELT SP052362); Tavora Reserve, 13 July 2009, P. B. Heenan s.n., (CHR 609786-609789);Otago Peninsula,Green Island, January 1955, R. A.. Falla s.n., (WELT SP038744); Otago Peninsula, Green Island, January 1957, M. E. Gillham s.n., (CHR 111452); Otago Peninsula, Green Island, 6 July 1983, P. N. Johnson 70, (CHR 404351); Otago Peninsula, Green Island, 27 March 1989, P. N. Johnson 823, (AK 185642, CHR 461272); Otago Peninsula, Green Island, 12 February 1999, G. Loh s.n., (AK 238646); Solander Island, 10 November 1973, P. N. Johnson s.n., (CHR 253066).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New Zealand (Stewart Island/Rakiura):</emphasis>
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Halfmoon Bay, Mill Bay, 4 February 1963, P. Hynes s.n., (AK 92212); Womans Island, January 1976, P. N. Johnson s.n., (CHR 261892); Herekopare Island, 20 May 1959, E. A. Willa s.n., (WELT SP050477, AK 249215); Herekopare Island, 4 January 2010, P. B. Heenan s.n, (CHR 609808-609810); Mutton Bird (Titi) Islands, Big Moggy Islands, December 2002, B. D. Rance s.n., (AK 293254).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cultivated (New Zealand):</emphasis>
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Lincoln, ex Herekopare Island, 2 Feb 1980, H. D. Wilson 798-314, (CHR 368843); Lincoln, ex Long Beach, Landcare Research experimental nursery, 10 July 2008, P. B. Heenan s.n., (CHR 609803).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Endemic. New Zealand. South and Stewart Island/Rakiura. Known from Otago and islands off the coast of Stewart Island/Rakiura
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known from just three locations: Long Beach and Green Island (Otago
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<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">Peninsula</pageBreakToken>
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) and Herekopare Island (east of Stewart Island/Rakiura). However, it is also probably present on some of the south-western Titi Island (south-west of Stewart Island/Rakiura) (B.D. Rance pers. comm.) and it is still likely to occur elsewhere, especially on rat free islands in the vicinity of Stewart Island, as is evidenced by specimens previously col
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<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">lected</pageBreakToken>
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from Womans (CHR 261892) and Solander (CHR 253066) islands in the 1960s and 1970s.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by open, sprawling, straggling growth habit, and the stems are often trailing on the ground (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Young plant of Lepidium juvencum growing with Poa astonii near shearwater burrows." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10784" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 46</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Flowering stem of Lepidium juvencum showing multiple inflorescences and trailing growth habit. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10785" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). The leaves are elliptic, elliptic-oblanceolate, obovate to elliptic-obovate, and have attenuate bases; the marginal teeth are usually small and are mostly confined to the distal third of the leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. (From left to right) basal-, mid- and upper-stem leaves of Lepidium juvencum. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10786" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). The silicles are most like
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differ by possessing a rounded, slightly notched apex (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. (A) Mature silicle of Lepidium juvencum; (B) close up of silicle apex showing slight notch. AK 297694. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10787" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows in open and often disturbed sites on sandy soil. At Long Beach it grows on stabilised sand at the base of a cliff immediately behind the beach, and at Herekopere Island it occurred on a steep coastal bank comprising sandy loam. On Kaimohu Island, in the south-western Titi group, what is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded growing with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the margins of coastal scrub.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been established and is self-seeding at the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust revegetation project at Tavora Reserve (near Palmerston, North Otago). Here it grows among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Euphorbia glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G.Forst. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muasya & de Lange" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Ficinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ficinia spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.Rich.) Muasya et de Lange on sand dunes at the back of the beach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presently known from three wild localities, and, while the number of plants at these localities is not known with certainty, it is estimated that there are <100 in total. It is also acknowledged that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be more widespread, especially in the vicinity of Stewart Island/Rakiura, and further field surveys are required. Recruitment is likely to be sporadic, and the small and sparse populations are especially vulnerable to stochastic events, such as storm surges, that could erode its habitat. Based on our current knowledge of this species and using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
qualifies as 'Threatened/Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(either criterion A(1) or A(3) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
applies). We recommend appending the qualifiers,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent - because the species has been deliberately established at Tavora Reserve, where it is actively managed),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Data Poor - to reflect uncertainty over its distribution), and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘RR’">'RR'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Range Restricted - because it is naturally confined to a geographically small part of the New Zealand Botanical Region).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |