216 lines
27 KiB
XML
216 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E9B27E9495CC791A1DDFC888AB5C6F7">The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19945FB314E60065E464E56268E910A1">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="E4DA17A72760256ACECC15E021E706FD" type="HNS-Pub">20256</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6275060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1" lastPageNumber="122" pageNumber="120">
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<subSubSection id="B75A71CDE72F3A751849FE6D2111FD66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="02FCF0D4D0DB9B0CCCAFD5991662FAED" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="7B5EE90A75E82E69E3A26C00F1F3BDB9" ID-CoL="ZBWJ" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">Crematogaster torosa Mayr</taxonomicName>
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1870
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE7A6958BE6DF9EDDB17CEBC28D27758" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7A0AA6A44E6832D1F06D54B29EA9EBAA" pageNumber="120">Figure 4</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAD8F0E9F573EB61894F41444D9DCB50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="966A5CC4AA05C7EDCD67B5F6D83AD85E" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="EBF626731D4C106F4DDB9806B275CA34" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">Crematogaster torosa Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, 1870a:404.
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<materialsCitation id="39B813473495B3DED7AD4EFCCEC02592" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481299" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Lindig" country="Colombia" location="Santa Fe de Bogota" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="A38F5689F54F1241CDE5812AFC387DDF">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="87F7BEDDB09FA26AA892332262E0D4A3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="705331087B86C86E759EEF1DCAF20C35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1:705331087B86C86E759EEF1DCAF20C35" country="Colombia" name="Santa Fe de Bogota">
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Santa Fe de
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<normalizedToken id="E98CB53B409D71CA7879D95A9C45A29D" originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
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</location>
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(
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<collectorName id="02029BC5F8664C434593D670C2CC29AA">Lindig</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="69D77E42D530AC72F6AF2893E51C313F" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NMW</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Emery, 1922:136; Santschi, 1925:229: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="728422386F8C790C550828CC9A1198CD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6ACE8229405DAFDA164701278A877D09" lastPageNumber="121" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="14048220F574596389548CD6AC2036D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149490" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brevispinosa tumulifera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevispinosa" variety="tumulifera">Crematogaster brevispinosa var. tumulifera Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1899:84.
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<materialsCitation id="2D9914A76DC7004C4FF2C34202212047" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481302" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Janson" country="Nicaragua" location="Chontales" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="540CD5376A350172023853199169151B">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="B0285D1D3FE649ABD8D9524B7470E315">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="339AD7D019395645BB3D27F63C681FC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1:339AD7D019395645BB3D27F63C681FC6" country="Nicaragua" name="Chontales">Chontales</location>
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(
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<collectorName id="5FD19BC092478D3B4E7815520C631871">Janson</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="D43FCC8DBDFB4210E20902861B9CD130" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481315" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Tonduz" country="Costa Rica" typeStatus="Syntype">
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and
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<collectingCountry id="20E64BC4E0C0FC6F577874778BC9483E">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectorName id="9A387CFF6DBCD57661BDD088C0857285">Tonduz</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="2B52A28513AC00B3B9875353A4CEA653" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Forel, 1908a:47: description of queen, male. Wheeler, G.C. and Wheeler, J. 1952:260: description of larva. Emery, 1922:134: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="6385D757E641D5DC234D5F4D8B9A6949" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Forel, 1907a:25; Forel, 1908b:369; Forel, 1909:258; Forel, 1912:215: subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="3C34EBB2F125F033643708679876D680" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28108" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brevispinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">brevispinosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5406A90AC18938A882DB019EDD4611DE">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C724274B342EFA6F0D051809A107D9F" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="B694F6820E8B0B957A1072A74BE0A714" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28078" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster arizonensis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">Crematogaster arizonensis Wheeler, W. M.</taxonomicName>
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1908b: 482, pl. 27, fig. 40.
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<materialsCitation id="7C5F279B434981181732C52577B91F97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481310" collectorName="Wheeler" country="USA" location="Tucson and Phoenix" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="731C6FC1CEEF49F5FF7775E45EA6B6AE">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="244774CA99EF3FB797AB40FF07D1CA6A">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="99B68210D9C51F011AD7B4074DB8A2EF">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="7A162C99C491489819D0D544DB740E3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:783E7D67DB9D7C8F32E46A71E0CFE0A1:7A162C99C491489819D0D544DB740E3D" country="USA" name="Tucson and Phoenix" stateProvince="Arizona">Tucson and Phoenix</location>
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, running on cottonwood trees (
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<collectorName id="82C386A7A344151E2E8C54E34710B122">Wheeler</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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. Wheeler, W. M. 1912: 132: description of queen, male. Emery, 1922: 134: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="5BE9A7C90F6BD085805AAD20B5F8C265" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="04038E576980B22DF5E1D65AB87B2525">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4FAA9F67D4D866C331FE74224963176D" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="3AB44A34462500CDB86CA03F1E98E9F5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:227769" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brevispinosa subsp. tumulifera var. scurra Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevispinosa" subSpecies="tumulifera" variety="scurra">Crematogaster brevispinosa subsp. tumulifera var. scurra Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1914a:615 (unavailable name). Worker:
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<materialsCitation id="07AF93F8718664E3D748B8A1B7E87623" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481304" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Gaige" country="Colombia" location="Colombia">
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<collectingCountry id="6AA8913FA53286AC3266D549D8CD4733">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectorName id="3C4C11A5DDB20B820D75CB2A5A5FABA0">Gaige</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="725E0311A0B127CFB204E0F6824423B3" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5A7551606B63CC1D8E4C9AE84BC2E254" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="54204783C17576DBE9D642794FE15503" pageNumber="121">Range</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="874FB71429A33FD44CF70F1039A2E80E" pageNumber="121">USA at least to Colombia, southern limit of species range not defined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="541B6B5BA4CFF25DF81A14A3F3437BF6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="78D5ACCB6CBA4B3607E25D49F9A54109" pageNumber="121">Description of worker (Costa Rica)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B79D9F2074AAF1B231CD2CB82B6EE2F" pageNumber="121">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName id="A3675ADAFB67EF0ECF8EDD1763FF87F0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
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in the following respects: mesonotum shorter, promesonotal suture more often impressed, making promesonotal profile flatter; anteroventral petiolar tooth shorter, more often forming nearly right angle rather than long acute tooth; setae on fourth abdominal tergite less abundant, especially medially, such that erect setae more dense anterolaterally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D07A73E2B468EF56CA8DDABAE6342CA8" pageNumber="121">Measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6CBD0A611B46290271D843F2EB9AF1" pageNumber="121">HL 0.682, 0.578, 1.045; HW 0.763, 0.629, 1.179; HC 0.760, 0.598, 1.123; SL 0.488, 0.443, 0.706; EL 0.170, 0.130, 0.259; A11L 0.241; A11W 0.140; A10L 0.118; A10W 0.118; A09L 0.060; A09W 0.085; A08L 0.041; A08W 0.071; WL 0.789, 0.664, 1.269; SPL 0.080, 0.057, 0.142; PTH 0.165, 0.129, 0.280; PTL 0.232, 0.175, 0.380; PTW 0.246, 0.180, 0.373; PPL 0.171, 0.150, 0.265; PPW 0.224, 0.189, 0.371; CI 112, 109, 113; OI 25, 22, 25; SI 72, 77, 68; PTHI 71, 74, 74; PTWI 106, 103, 98; PPI 131, 126, 140; SPI 10, 9, 11; ACI 0.98.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="539242AEDB5727170DDC2B9749596740" pageNumber="121">Queen</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91E994C1E53030203DCED848A72815BD" pageNumber="121">A normal queen (dorsal face of propodeum drops steeply from postscutellum and much of propodeum appears ventral to scutellum and postscutellum, Fig. 1) with general shape, sculpture, and pilosity characters of the worker; size characters as in Figures 4 and 5.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="517C496B48AEED7DA794E1CD12628D42" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="3718B82EA7282926C38BF0BDB16E989B" pageNumber="121">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5BF26D05265B007DB2EFF6DE246AF0" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="860A3E735FE3CECDD51386BC60ED5C6B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">Crematogaster torosa</taxonomicName>
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has a biology very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="ADD099EDD95654C1670194C70106540C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F63908CE47DA91D58329154ED6C493B4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster rochai Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">rochai</taxonomicName>
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. It occurs primarily in open, seasonally dry areas, highly disturbed areas, and pasture edges, although it can also be found in the canopy of mature wet forest. In Costa Rica it is a common species in urban areas such as the various city parks in the capital, San
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<normalizedToken id="2C15B5B7366844CFA5740DF90CFDDB65" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C82428C2A25C14F272C56ED4FE7B18AF" pageNumber="121">
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Nests are large, polydomous, distributed in a wide variety of plant cavities. Dead branches and knots in living trees are most often used. In Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica they often occupy ant acacias, and may invade acacias already occupied by
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<taxonomicName id="5C1819D103DABF75957F0830DC85175D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24858" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pseudomyrmex Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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. They often construct small carton baffles that restrict nest entrances and small carton pavilions that shelter Homoptera on surrounding vegetation. In some instances they may inhabit cavities in live stems. I found a large nest in the live stems of a
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<taxonomicName id="85EDA3436DC1B89816EEFB744B7FE84B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Protium</taxonomicName>
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branch (Burseraceae) in Corcovado National Park, and I have found nests in live stems of myrmecophytic
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<taxonomicName id="A694DA27D231958212724BEBA29AF377" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:52196" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName-HNS="Acacia " order="Fabales" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D8EF10DFB8ABD3C3DF92747FBB9BEA3F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Triplaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Triplaris</taxonomicName>
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. Nest chambers are sometimes filled with alate queens and males. Based on a sample size of two, colony founding is monogynous. In one case I dissected a small colony in south Texas and found a single physogastric queen in the center. In another case I found a lone foundress queen in a dead branch of a
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<taxonomicName id="E6294935F2BAD3940FD227697FB30EDC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Triplaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Triplaris</taxonomicName>
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tree in Costa Rica.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34589AE91C3D19C4DD659CDC9E71860C" pageNumber="122">Foraging is primarily diurnal but occasional nocturnal foragers are seen. Workers are generalized scavengers and they frequently visit extrafloral nectaries. Often columns of workers move between nests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EC7A93AEF43D2E61E7B415961BBDA7EC" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D4C5D5A0DB56AD0A5AB57674A1F4850E" pageNumber="122">Comments</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C46792A04BC5C01DE1721F1C51114BF" pageNumber="122">
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This is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="94DBF75F26CA5EE9E945749BA3E6C182" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
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complex and may not always be distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="187EA1CDB82BDA3A593C897C947348B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="16E1ECBF069A9C69652D2B78C84B2290" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster rochai Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">rochai</taxonomicName>
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. See under
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<taxonomicName id="886510F3B42AA1C64F0318A0160AE70C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
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for further discussion. I examined the type of
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<taxonomicName id="C35BC9C86833880C6CADFC7354E96558" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">torosa</taxonomicName>
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and compared it directly to Costa Rican material (Corcovado National Park, Sirena, JTL30May82/0830). Museum notes on one of the syntypes were as follows: HL 0.88, HW 0.97, SL 0.61; mandible striate; clypeus feebly striate; fine striae on genae, between antennae and eyes, rest shiny; pronotum with transverse fingerprint-like swirl anteriorly, grading to fine longitudinal striae posteriorly, fading to shiny mesonotum (variable within series), grading to fine striae again near propodeal suture; dorsal face of propodeum short, irregularly striate/punctate; anteroventral petiole sharply angulate, but not produced into a projecting tooth; one flexuous short seta on frons; anterior row of four erect setae on pronotum, two on mesonotum, one each on propodeal spines, two each on petiole, postpetiole, about 11 on fourth abdominal tergite, not including row of 13 on posterior margin; setae on fourth abdominal tergite clustered laterally, leaving median bare; setae on pronotum thinner and longer, rest shorter, flattened; color light orange brown on head, pronotum, grading to dark brown on gaster.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0A534DAC0C046A26744C61BF75A6244" pageNumber="122">
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I examined the syntypes of Forel's
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<taxonomicName id="1CA11817D1A4C099CD083F9AD1C132F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149490" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brevispinosa tumulifera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevispinosa" variety="tumulifera">tumulifera</taxonomicName>
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and the additional Costa Rican material on which he based his description of the queen and male. They matched Mayr's
|
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<taxonomicName id="A16D1348BE14055453280AEA3A3CA8D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">torosa</taxonomicName>
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in every respect.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E77D820A39DC54E964646A11EE840399" lastPageNumber="123" pageNumber="122">
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|
Specimens of
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|
<taxonomicName id="B987133DFF273D37D982772F6CDBDEA1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">torosa</taxonomicName>
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|
from the northern end of the range, in southeast Texas and in Arizona, are somewhat smaller and less polymorphic than Costa Rican material, but this seems to gradually change as one moves northward in Mexico. Specimens from Baja California are bicolored, with reddish head and mesosoma, and black gaster. However, the abundant material from Arizona and Costa Rica shows continuous variation in the degree of infuscation of the head and mesosoma, and some material may be clearly bicolored like the Baja material. Specimens from Baja nearly always have a long, acute anteroventral petiolar tooth. Specimens from the state of Arizona in the USA and Sonora and Sinaloa states in Mexico (former
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A8C25AE985DD64ABF89AB176AD144E77" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28078" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster arizonensis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">arizonensis</taxonomicName>
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|
) usually have a short but sharply acute tooth as an average condition, but the tooth form varies from long and spine-like to short and right angled. Specimens from southeastern Texas and Costa Rica show a great deal of variability, but usually have a right-angle tooth and less often a short, sharply acute tooth. They never have a long spine-like tooth. For the time being I interpret all this material as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E76E394898FD7C3182D041F66ADA381" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28451" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster torosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">torosa</taxonomicName>
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|
, differing from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F7E7840F2AFDEE35831BAC4D50FA86ED" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="498DFEB3BA2F1CDB7A63A2EA0A6C66D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster rochai Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">rochai</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the somewhat flatter promesonotum and the usually shorter petiolar tooth, and with a gastral setal pattern intermediate between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="26A32F17761D494771C06F6F93E2667F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which has a uniform covering of flattened setae, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA0A4B34CEF47412E41688A98D134800" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster rochai Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">rochai</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which has no erect setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |