plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/DA/87/03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

847 lines
102 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="25BEAAAA5BFFC3C1C7DCE1338AA5D721" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10881992" ID-ISSN="0936-9902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881992" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1711474576113" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Weitzman, Stanley H. &amp; Malabarba, Luiz R." docDate="1999" docId="03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolExplorFres.10.1.1-43.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 10 (1)" docTitle="Spintherobolus papilliferus Eigenmann 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFE3FFCA2A33FFEBFFB0FF824B09FF9B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1711475764197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B763148221F68154299EB37B5F56FB35" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A7075D241C2F2E588B4CB86C63F8E1DD">
<mods:title id="5350176F78E2830A3DE738274352E705">Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A2F6A2D01288D9B093BBC76744220C88" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C9418FB98AFBB0EC94A3D4D2762D4087">
<mods:roleTerm id="ABA72D13BD62460C0B5636FC11F34D0F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4678AAC58325FB54F6E29DA749600CC2">Weitzman, Stanley H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7AD0F49C4E65E7AEFB93B44472287D8D">Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC- 159, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="043EC80C2ACA7E4EC6E9D6DA249EAF99" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F0D68EAA4B9DB62B7A5D75ABA43B5BF3">
<mods:roleTerm id="DA98365A6C697A6D191BA75FA92E23A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4D6A9781EFC07611A4F3F4806C911551">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3908F8C2D5C57E820F1D1A8BAB341C38">Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0AADE7155A94F9DF61995FEF2D1169AE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0E53E83D4ABF9F1E8E4815AD41D5BE33" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="03D484E8E26ED75A21030E7B8D1CB570">
<mods:title id="6846C70559CED8ECAA52269F6F41DD47">Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D054901A17E94E2A188572E151EA6D61">
<mods:date id="D4821AA0E31CFADC5D4A504321A5EA09">1999</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7C8B90B34CAD5CD4AE115971484CDA3C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CB4DE1A2034BB52765CD39FC8DFCFE33">1999-01-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="08F6E71DAE6A41040EEB72E660D220DC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AD637A2172D8AA206483671425C6B3FB">10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="58E34ECF46EBE02B2A29719E5F4FE3F4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1DCF4DDBCB299DDE91DD5B1BA8A5B570">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="79AEA9337255D57487F73E5BBECE0C5E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C0CA1915623621BCA520D03A12D830FD">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6B7D85B89C862209B6A0096AAADB8502">43</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A892E12AADDF58A7C5A7647469A59FF1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D47F1C225698BCAC464F3D412F3EF74A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10881992</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F957EFD15FE0B1409F7462E5A6988C21" type="ISSN">0936-9902</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47B8AE04158C7DAB8CAB9795FF12D533" type="Zenodo-Dep">10881992</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8D1C6813AB6CB2DBF3FD8DE942B541A2" type="ZooBank">DB264AEA-C4EC-48B7-BE35-56761CA13225</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D08481C82A20FFF8FF53F95949A3F8B4" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A20FFF8FF53F959488AF899" box="[227,899,1755,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FF53F959488AF899" blockId="19.[227,899,1755,1839]" box="[227,899,1755,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FF53F959488AF899" ID-CoL="4Z63S" authority="Eigenmann" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[227,899,1755,1794]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FF53F9594AD5F899" box="[227,476,1755,1794]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FE5DF95949A7F899" box="[493,686,1755,1794]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">papilliferus</emphasis>
Eigenmann
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A20FFF8FE0AF88849A3F8B4" box="[442,682,1802,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FE0AF88849A3F8B4" blockId="19.[227,899,1755,1839]" box="[442,682,1802,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(
<figureCitation id="13482A212A20FFF8FE76F8884925F8B4" box="[454,556,1802,1839]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[25,75,929,963]" captionTargetBox="[22,1698,209,880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 49408, adult male, 57.8 mm SL, Brazil, Sao Paulo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10881995/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A20FFF8FDF7F8884994F8B4" box="[583,669,1802,1839]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[105,170,2672,2720]" captionStartId-1="20.[105,169,2725,2772]" captionStartId-2="20.[104,169,2777,2823]" captionTargetBox-0="[108,2338,247,1076]" captionTargetBox-1="[105,2337,1090,1865]" captionTargetBox-2="[104,2336,1873,2621]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="Fig. 26. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 51021, female 60.8 mm SL, Brazil, Sao Paulo, rio Ipiranga." captionText-1="Fig. 27. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 49408, adult female, 50.3 mm SL, Brazil, São Paulo, near Paranapiacaba." captionText-2="Fig. 28. Spintherobolus papilliferus, FMNH 54918, holotype, 34.1 mm SL. Brazil, São Paulo, Alto da Serra, near Paranapiacaba." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882056" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882058" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882061" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10882056/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10882058/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10882061/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">26-28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A20FFF8FF2FF8E64AEDF7F2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FF2FF8E64AEDF7F2" blockId="19.[159,966,1892,2153]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118A2A20FFF8FF2FF8E64AEDF7F2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B52A20FFF8FF2FF8E648B7F812" author="Eigenmann, C. H." box="[159,958,1892,1929]" page="167" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1911">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FF2FF8E648B7F812" ID-CoL="4Z63S" authority="Eigenmann, 1911: 167" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1911" box="[159,958,1892,1929]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FF2FF8E6493EF812" box="[159,567,1892,1929]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spintherobolus papilliferus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A20FFF8FDFAF8E648B7F812" author="Eigenmann, C. H." box="[586,958,1892,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="164 - 181" refId="ref29012" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. 1911. New characins in the collections of the Carnegie Museum. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8: 164 - 181." type="journal article" year="1911">Eigenmann, 1911: 167</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5 figs. 1 -4 (new species description,
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FCCEF813484DF78A" collectionCode="CM, FMNH" country="Brazil" location="Alto da Serra" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CM 2582, FMNH 104802" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
type locality:
<location id="8EAC607F2A20FFF8FED5F83E494DF878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9:8EAC607F2A20FFF8FED5F83E494DF878" box="[357,580,1980,2019]" country="Brazil" name="Alto da Serra" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Alto da Serra</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8462A20FFF8FDE7F83E49F4F878" box="[599,765,1980,2019]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36476342A20FFF8FCA0F83E487AF878" box="[784,883,1980,2019]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<typeStatus id="54C888062A20FFF8FC35F83E4A30F78A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FEFCF86E4AE9F78A" box="[332,480,2028,2065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CM 2582</specimenCode>
, now
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FDF9F86E4836F78A" box="[585,831,2028,2065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FMNH 104802</specimenCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FCE1F86E4AEDF7F2" collectionCode="CM, FMNH, CAS" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CM 2583, FMNH 54918, CAS[SU] 17520" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FCE1F86E486BF78A" box="[849,866,2028,2065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">4</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C888062A20FFF8FCC0F86E4A3CF7A5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FEE7F79A4AF5F7A5" box="[343,508,2072,2110]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CM 2583</specimenCode>
, now
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FDCBF79A4867F7A5" box="[635,878,2072,2110]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FMNH 54918</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FF69F7C74ADEF7F2" box="[217,471,2117,2153]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CAS[SU] 17520</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A20FFF8FF2EF71C4DCFFD5E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FF2EF71C4DCFFD5E" blockId="19.[155,965,2206,2604]" lastBlockId="19.[1028,1839,219,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Specimens examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FD93F71C49A9F6BB" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Brazil" location="rio Tiete" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="FMNH 104802" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
All from
<collectingCountry id="F36476342A20FFF8FD0EF71C4816F75F" box="[702,799,2206,2244]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8462A20FFF8FC84F71C4BB4F769" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, upper
<location id="8EAC607F2A20FFF8FEF0F7484AC1F769" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9:8EAC607F2A20FFF8FEF0F7484AC1F769" box="[320,456,2250,2290]" country="Brazil" name="rio Tiete" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">rio Tietê</location>
drainage.
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FDCCF748487AF769" box="[636,883,2250,2290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FMNH 104802</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="54C888062A20FFF8FC34F7484BF3F6BB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotype</typeStatus>
, immature;
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FE60F7784955F6BB" box="[464,604,2298,2336]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="34.1">34.1 mm</quantity>
SL;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FD04F778486CF6D5" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="FMNH 54918" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FD04F7784893F6BB" box="[692,922,2298,2336]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FMNH 54918</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FC03F77848CDF6BB" box="[947,964,2298,2336]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">3</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C888062A20FFF8FF2DF6A54A36F6D5" box="[157,319,2343,2382]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratypes</typeStatus>
, immature, 20.2,30.5,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FD11F6A54825F6D5" box="[673,812,2343,2382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="30.7">30.7 mm</quantity>
SL;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FCDFF6A54819F599" collectingDate="1908-08-04" collectingDateMax="1967-03-24" collectingDateMin="1908-08-04" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="J. D. Haseman &amp; S. P. Werner" location="Alto da Serra" municipality="Alto da Serra" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CAS-SU 17520" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FCDFF6A54A37F6E0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CAS-SU 17520</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FEEAF6D64A6EF6E0" box="[346,359,2388,2427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C888062A20FFF8FECEF6D6491DF6E0" box="[382,532,2388,2427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratype</typeStatus>
, juv.,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FD38F6D6481DF6E0" box="[648,788,2388,2427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
SL (note: FMNH specimens mixed and holotype not separately labeled; see Discussion section below);
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A20FFF8FCCCF62C4A21F599" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Alto da Serra</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFCD10642A20FFF8FE8DF6594AF6F599" box="[317,511,2523,2562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1908-08-04">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A20FFF8FE8DF6594AF6F599" box="[317,511,2523,2562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1908-08-04">4 Aug 1908</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A20FFF8FDA3F6594805F599" box="[531,780,2523,2562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">J. D. Haseman</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FC90F6594F80FEB6" collectingDate="1908-08-04" collectingDateMax="1967-03-24" collectingDateMin="1908-08-04" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="J. D. Haseman &amp; S. P. Werner" location="Alto da Serra" municipality="Alto da Serra" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MZUSP 51022,17" specimenCount="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FCF1F6594A26F5B7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZUSP 51022,17</specimenCode>
, all immature,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FD96F58B49F7F5B7" box="[550,766,2569,2604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.46" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="20.65" valueMax="24.6" valueMin="16.7">16.7-24.6 mm</quantity>
SL;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A20FFF8FCF5F58B4F8DFE9A" box="[837,1156,219,2604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paranapiacaba</collectingMunicipality>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A20FFF8FB52FF594EEDFE9A" box="[1250,1508,219,257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Campo Grande</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A20FFF8FA4DFF594DC7FE9A" box="[1533,1742,219,257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1967-03-24">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A20FFF8FA4DFF594DC7FE9A" box="[1533,1742,219,257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1967-03-24">24 Mar 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A20FFF8F955FF594F8BFEB6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. P. Werner</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FB29FE884E61FE2F" collectingDate="1980-03-20" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="R. M. C. Castro" location="Paranapiacaba" municipality="Paranapiacaba" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MZUSP 49408" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FB0BFE884EA2FEB6" box="[1211,1451,266,301]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZUSP 49408</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FA73FE884D38FEB6" box="[1475,1585,266,301]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8F9F1FE884DC5FEB6" box="[1601,1740,266,301]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="57.8">57.8 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8F8ADFE884F8AFEC1" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FB27FEB44E78FEC1" box="[1175,1393,310,346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.034999999999999" metricValueMax="5.04" metricValueMin="5.029999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="50.349999999999994" valueMax="50.4" valueMin="50.3">50.3-50.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FA09FEB44D36FEC1" box="[1465,1599,310,346]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, c&amp;s, 45.0 mm SL; “last creek on road to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A20FFF8FA18FEE14D91FE12" box="[1448,1688,355,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paranapiacaba</collectingMunicipality>
”;
<date id="FFCD10642A20FFF8F90CFEE14F58FE2F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1980-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A20FFF8F90CFEE14F58FE2F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1980-03-20">20 Mar 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A20FFF8FBD4FE134E69FE2F" box="[1124,1376,401,436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. M. C. Castro</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FAC5FE134F87FD95" collectingDate="1929-01" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="H. Luederwoldt" location="rio Ipiranga" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MZUSP 51021" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FA23FE134D77FE2F" box="[1427,1662,401,436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZUSP 51021</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8F922FE134DA9FE2F" box="[1682,1696,401,436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8F907FE134C2DFE2F" box="[1719,1828,401,436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FBB5FE3C4F98FE7F" box="[1029,1169,446,484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="60.8">60.8 mm</quantity>
SL;
<location id="8EAC607F2A20FFF8FB6AFE3C4EA9FE7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A20FFFCFF53F9594FA8F9E9:8EAC607F2A20FFF8FB6AFE3C4EA9FE7F" box="[1242,1440,446,484]" name="rio Ipiranga" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rio Ipiranga</location>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A20FFF8FA00FE3C4D81FE7F" box="[1456,1672,446,484]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1929-01">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A20FFF8FA00FE3C4D81FE7F" box="[1456,1672,446,484]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1929-01">January 1929</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A20FFF8F92AFE3C4F8EFD95" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. Luederwöldt</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8FB13FE694C07FDA5" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MNRJ 6260" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FB7AFE694E99FD95" box="[1226,1424,491,526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MNRJ 6260</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FA1DFE694EB3FD95" box="[1453,1466,491,526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FA6BFE694D40FD95" box="[1499,1609,491,526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8F9D5FE694DF9FD95" box="[1637,1776,491,526]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
SL (same specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A20FFF8FAF6FD9A4D9CFDA5" author="Travassos, H." box="[1350,1685,536,574]" journalOrPublisher="An. Acad. Bras. Ci e nc." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="505 - 517" part="25" refId="ref30826" refString="- 1953. Fauna do Distrito Federal. III. S o bre o g e nero &quot; Spintherobolus &quot; Eigenmann, 1911 (Cypriniformes- Characoidei). An. Acad. Bras. Ci e nc., 25: 505 - 517." title="Fauna do Distrito Federal. III. S o bre o g e nero &quot; Spintherobolus &quot; Eigenmann, 1911 (Cypriniformes- Characoidei)" type="journal article" year="1953">Travassos, 1953: 506</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A20FFF8F8ABFD9A4DCFFD5E" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="A. Couto de Magalhaes" location="rio Ipiranga" municipality="rio Ipiranga" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MNRJ 4237" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A20FFF8FBB5FDC74FCBFDF3" box="[1029,1218,581,616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MNRJ 4237</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8FB69FDC74E4AFDF3" box="[1241,1347,581,616]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FAE9FDC74EECFDF3" box="[1369,1509,581,616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A20FFF8F980FDC74DC4FDF3" box="[1584,1741,581,616]" count="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8F950FDC74F99FD03" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.465" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="34.65" valueMax="36.5" valueMin="32.8">32.8- 36.5 mm</quantity>
SL;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A20FFF8FB63FDF04E98FD03" box="[1235,1425,626,664]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rio Ipiranga</collectingMunicipality>
; date unknown but probably before 1931,
<collectorName id="268653722A20FFF8FA80FD1F4DB7FD5E" box="[1328,1726,669,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. Couto de Magalhães</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A20FFFEFBB4FD744AEBFA68" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FBB4FD744E9AFC4F" blockId="19.[1022,1837,758,2607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Diagnosis. The following five autapomorphies (20, state 3; 27, state 2; 29; 30; 31) distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FBB4FCD04FDAFCE1" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1028,1235,850,890]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBB4FCD04F16FCE1" box="[1028,1055,850,890]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FB9AFCD04FDAFCE1" box="[1066,1235,850,890]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other species of the genus. Also three anal-fin reversals (10
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A20FFF8F9A1FCFC4D25FC33" box="[1553,1580,894,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R</collectionCode>
, 11
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A20FFF8F9D4FCFC4D74FC33" box="[1636,1661,894,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R</collectionCode>
, 12
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A20FFF8F905FCFC4DC5FC33" box="[1717,1740,894,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R</collectionCode>
) help distinguish this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FBF0FC5B4C20FB12" blockId="19.[1022,1837,758,2607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(20, state 3) Branched anal-fin rays 9-10. This is the lowest count for this fin known for the
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FBB4FBB14E17FBC0" box="[1028,1310,1075,1115]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
. The other three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FBB3FBE24FECFB12" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1027,1253,1120,1161]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBB3FBE24FECFB12" box="[1027,1253,1120,1161]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 11-16 branched anal-fin rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FB8FFB0C4DEAF9D5" blockId="19.[1022,1837,758,2607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(27, state 2) The eyes of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FA41FB0C4DB7FB2E" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1521,1726,1166,1205]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FA41FB0C4D00FB2E" box="[1521,1545,1166,1205]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F9A6FB0C4DB7FB2E" box="[1558,1726,1166,1205]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(18.4- 26.0, x = 21.3 %
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A20FFF8FAB6FB394E33FB7A" box="[1286,1338,1211,1249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">HL</collectionCode>
, n = 31) are the smallest of the four species of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FABCFB6A4EFCFA8B" box="[1292,1525,1256,1296]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FABCFB6A4EF9FA8B" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1292,1520,1256,1296]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spintherobolus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The eyes of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8F96AFB6A4E33FAA0" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F96AFB6A4C23FA8B" box="[1754,1834,1256,1296]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBB3FA954F94FAA0" box="[1027,1181,1303,1339]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FB19FA954E33FAA0" box="[1193,1338,1303,1339]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24.6-30.1, x = 27.6 %, n = 22), those of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FB25FAC04E21FAF2" box="[1173,1320,1346,1385]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FB25FAC04E21FAF2" box="[1173,1320,1346,1385]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24.5-32.7, x = 28.7 %, n = 70), and those of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FB43FAED4E94FA03" box="[1267,1437,1391,1432]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FB43FAED4E04FA03" box="[1267,1293,1391,1432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FA93FAED4E94FA03" box="[1315,1437,1391,1432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">leptoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(23.2-30.3, x = 27.2 %, n = 18) are significantly larger relative to head length than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FACAFA484D41FA68" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1402,1608,1482,1523]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FACAFA484E9AFA68" box="[1402,1427,1482,1523]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FA10FA484D41FA68" box="[1440,1608,1482,1523]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are not significantly different from each other. See also discussion of apomorphy 27, state 1, above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FB8EF9D04D85F7A6" blockId="19.[1022,1837,758,2607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(29) The caudal peduncle length of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8F91DF9D04F57F933" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F91DF9D04DCFF9E0" box="[1709,1734,1618,1659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F963F9D04F57F933" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is long, being 23.8-24.6 % SL (x = 24.2 %) in males and 21.3-27.0 % SL (x = 23.9 %) in females. The other three species have caudal peduncle lengths between 11.5-21.5 % SL. This demonstrates that almost no overlap occurs between
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FBB1F8E04FD9F810" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1025,1232,1890,1931]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBB1F8E04FD9F810" box="[1025,1232,1890,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8F9D8F8E04F23F823" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F9D8F8E04F23F823" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except in an occasional female. In species of outgroup clade E the caudal peduncle length varies between 11.0-19.6 % SL and the ranges of the means extend from 14.3-15.2 % SL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A20FFF8FB8CF7C44D75F5B4" blockId="19.[1022,1837,758,2607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(30) Large adultsize. Mature adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8F91FF7C44F52F70C" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F91FF7C44F52F70C" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reach at least
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FADAF7F24EFAF70C" box="[1386,1523,2160,2199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="60.8">60.8 mm</quantity>
SL (a mature female) and
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FB02F71F4E37F75F" box="[1202,1342,2205,2244]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="57.8">57.8 mm</quantity>
SL (a mature male). Another male
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FBE9F7494FECF768" box="[1113,1253,2251,2291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
SL had developing secondary sex ­ ual characters. Specimens of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FA6EF77A4D71F6BA" box="[1502,1656,2296,2337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FA6EF77A4D7AF6BA" box="[1502,1651,2296,2337]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">S. broccae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8F936F77A4C2EF6BA" box="[1670,1831,2296,2337]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F936F77A4D96F6BA" box="[1670,1695,2296,2337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8F91CF77A4C2EF6BA" box="[1708,1831,2296,2337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">leptoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FBF6F6A54FF5F6D5" box="[1094,1276,2343,2382]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBF6F6A54F56F6D5" box="[1094,1119,2343,2382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FBDCF6A54FF5F6D5" box="[1132,1276,2343,2382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are fully mature by at least
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8F909F6A54C21F6D5" box="[1721,1832,2343,2382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
SL and adult males were recorded to reach
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FC4EF6034F82F63C" box="[1022,1163,2433,2471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="23.1">23.1 mm</quantity>
SL (
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FB5DF6034EA1F63C" box="[1261,1448,2433,2471]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FB5DF6034FF7F63C" box="[1261,1278,2433,2471]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FAA4F6034EA1F63C" box="[1300,1448,2433,2471]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) while adult females reach
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FBD8F62F4FFCF64F" box="[1128,1269,2477,2516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
SL (
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A20FFF8FAE0F62F4D01F64F" box="[1360,1544,2477,2516]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FAE0F62F4E68F64F" box="[1360,1377,2477,2516]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A20FFF8FAC6F62F4D01F64F" box="[1398,1544,2477,2516]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Adults of outgroup clade E species are only known to range approximately between
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A20FFF8FA2AF5884D35F5B4" box="[1434,1596,2570,2607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20-40 mm</quantity>
SL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A27FFFFFFD9F5F2434BF53B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882056" box="[105,2114,2672,2720]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882056/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[105,170,2672,2720]" targetBox="[108,2338,247,1076]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFFD9F5F2434BF53B" blockId="20.[105,2114,2672,2720]" box="[105,2114,2672,2720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 26.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A27FFFFFEBFF5F249F4F53B" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[271,765,2672,2720]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A27FFFFFEBFF5F249F4F53B" box="[271,765,2672,2720]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spintherobolus papilliferus,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MZUSP 51021, female 60.8 mm SL, Brazil, Sao Paulo, rio Ipiranga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A27FFFFFFD9F527421FF54F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882058" box="[105,2326,2725,2772]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882058/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[105,169,2725,2772]" targetBox="[105,2337,1090,1865]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFFD9F527421FF54F" blockId="20.[105,2326,2725,2772]" box="[105,2326,2725,2772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 27.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A27FFFFFEBFF52749F1F54F" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[271,760,2725,2772]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A27FFFFFEBFF52749F1F54F" box="[271,760,2725,2772]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spintherobolus papilliferus,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MZUSP 49408, adult female, 50.3 mm SL, Brazil, São Paulo, near Paranapiacaba.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A27FFFFFFD8F55B4A86F4A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[104,169,2777,2823]" targetBox="[104,2336,1873,2621]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFFD8F55B4A86F4A1" blockId="20.[104,2329,2777,2874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 28.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A27FFFFFEBFF55B49F6F49C" authority=", FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[271,767,2777,2823]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A27FFFFFEBFF55B49F6F49C" box="[271,767,2777,2823]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spintherobolus papilliferus,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
FMNH 54918, holotype, 34.1 mm SL. Brazil, São Paulo, Alto da Serra, near Paranapiacaba.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFF07F43C4948F285" blockId="20.[103,1180,3006,3358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(31)
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A27FFFFFE93F43C4836F469" box="[291,831,3006,3058]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A27FFFFFE93F43C4836F469" box="[291,831,3006,3058]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spintherobolus papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a high ver ­ tebral count of 35-36. Compare vertebral counts of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A27FFFFFE6BF3B4480EF3F0" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[475,775,3126,3179]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A27FFFFFE6BF3B4480EF3F0" box="[475,775,3126,3179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<figureCitation id="13482A212A27FFFFFCE3F3B44F17F3F0" box="[851,1054,3126,3179]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[1371,1437,2716,2764]" captionTargetBox="[1371,2413,1844,2665]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 21. Tukey box plots of the number of vertebrae in species of Spintherobolus. Visual comparison of these box plots shows that the vertebral counts of S. papilliferus are obviously different from all other species. Those of S. broccae and S. leptoura are not significantly different and those of S. ankoseion, although overlapping with those of S. broccae and 5. leptoura are significantly different from these two species when subject to Mann- Whitney rank-sum tests (T = 398, P &lt;0.001 and T = 246, P &lt;0.001 respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882045/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 21</figureCitation>
. Species of its sister subgroup b have 32-34 vertebrae and species in outgroup clade E are known to have 32-34 vertebrae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFA8AF43D4D27F33D" blockId="20.[1257,2329,3007,3421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(10
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A27FFFFFACCF43D4E93F468" box="[1404,1434,3007,3059]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</collectionCode>
) The anal-fin rays of adult males are not expanded in a sagittal plane. See apomorphy 10, clade D, for outgroup condition and its taxonomic distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A27FFFFFA8AF33143FBF2C6" blockId="20.[1257,2329,3007,3421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(11
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A27FFFFFACCF3314E93F37D" box="[1404,1434,3251,3302]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</collectionCode>
) Segments of anal-fin rays of adult males are not fused. See apomorphy 10, clade D, for outgroup state and its taxonomic distribution.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0" ID-Table-UUID="DF0C662C2A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C662C2A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[167,251,223,259]" targetBox="[165,1834,374,1280]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0" blockId="21.[167,1839,223,299]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Table 2. Morphometries of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A26FFFEFDFCFF5D48B4FE98" box="[588,957,223,259]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A26FFFEFDFCFF5D481AFE98" box="[588,787,223,259]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A26FFFEFC92FF5D48CBFE98" box="[802,962,223,259]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">papilliferus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Table includes measurements of all examined specimens. Values for the holotype are given separately.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFD67FEF44C12FA9B" blockId="21.[162,1843,361,1292]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<table id="F973C4042A260014FF15FEF44C23FA9B" box="[165,1834,374,1280]" gridcols="10" gridrows="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FEF44C23FE02" box="[165,1834,374,409]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FEF44850FE02" box="[727,857,374,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</th>
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FEF44FA1FE02" box="[932,1192,374,409]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">males</th>
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FEF44DA3FE02" box="[1428,1706,374,409]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">females</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FE2C4C23FE4A" box="[165,1834,430,465]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FE2C48BEFE4A" box="[932,951,430,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFE2C4F23FE4A" box="[1007,1066,430,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">low</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FE2C4FA1FE4A" box="[1126,1192,430,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">high</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FE2C4E2EFE4A" box="[1239,1319,430,465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mean</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FE2C4EBFFE4A" box="[1428,1462,430,465]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FE2C4D27FE4A" box="[1523,1582,430,465]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">low</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FE2C4DA3FE4A" box="[1641,1706,430,465]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">high</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FE2C4C23FE4A" box="[1753,1834,430,465]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FE694C23FD95" box="[165,1834,491,526]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FE69497BFD95" box="[165,626,491,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Standard length [mm]</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FE694850FD95" box="[727,857,491,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">34.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FE6948BEFD95" box="[932,951,491,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFE694F23FD95" box="[1007,1066,491,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">34.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FE694FA1FD95" box="[1126,1192,491,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">57.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FE694E2EFD95" box="[1239,1319,491,526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">46.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FE694EBFFD95" box="[1428,1462,491,526]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FE694D27FD95" box="[1523,1582,491,526]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FE694DA3FD95" box="[1641,1706,491,526]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">60.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FE694C23FD95" box="[1753,1834,491,526]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FDA44C23FDDC" box="[165,1834,550,583]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FDA4497BFDDC" box="[165,626,550,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Percentage of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FDCF4C23FDF5" box="[165,1834,589,622]" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FDCF497BFDF5" box="[165,626,589,622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FDCF4850FDF5" box="[727,857,589,622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">61.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FDCF48BEFDF5" box="[932,951,589,622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFDCF4F23FDF5" box="[1007,1066,589,622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">61.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FDCF4FA1FDF5" box="[1126,1192,589,622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">63.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FDCF4E2EFDF5" box="[1239,1319,589,622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">62.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FDCF4EBFFDF5" box="[1428,1462,589,622]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FDCF4D27FDF5" box="[1523,1582,589,622]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">58.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FDCF4DA3FDF5" box="[1641,1706,589,622]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">67.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FDCF4C23FDF5" box="[1753,1834,589,622]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">62.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FDF74C23FD0D" box="[165,1834,629,662]" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FDF7497BFD0D" box="[165,626,629,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FDF74850FD0D" box="[727,857,629,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">54.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FDF748BEFD0D" box="[932,951,629,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFDF74F23FD0D" box="[1007,1066,629,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">51.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FDF74FA1FD0D" box="[1126,1192,629,662]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">52.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FDF74E2EFD0D" box="[1239,1319,629,662]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">52.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FDF74EBFFD0D" box="[1428,1462,629,662]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FDF74D27FD0D" box="[1523,1582,629,662]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">50.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FDF74DA3FD0D" box="[1641,1706,629,662]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">58.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FDF74C23FD0D" box="[1753,1834,629,662]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">54.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FD1C4C23FD24" box="[165,1834,670,703]" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FD1C497BFD24" box="[165,626,670,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FD1C4850FD24" box="[727,857,670,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">47.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FD1C48BEFD24" box="[932,951,670,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFD1C4F23FD24" box="[1007,1066,670,703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">42.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FD1C4FA1FD24" box="[1126,1192,670,703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">47.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FD1C4E2EFD24" box="[1239,1319,670,703]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">44.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FD1C4EBFFD24" box="[1428,1462,670,703]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FD1C4D27FD24" box="[1523,1582,670,703]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">44.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FD1C4DA3FD24" box="[1641,1706,670,703]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">50.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FD1C4C23FD24" box="[1753,1834,670,703]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">46.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FD414C23FD7D" box="[165,1834,707,742]" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FD41497BFD7D" box="[165,626,707,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FD414850FD7D" box="[727,857,707,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">9.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FD4148BEFD7D" box="[932,951,707,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFD414F23FD7D" box="[1007,1066,707,742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">9.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FD414FA1FD7D" box="[1126,1192,707,742]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FD414E2EFD7D" box="[1239,1319,707,742]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FD414EBFFD7D" box="[1428,1462,707,742]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FD414D27FD7D" box="[1523,1582,707,742]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">9.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FD414DA3FD7D" box="[1641,1706,707,742]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FD414C23FD7D" box="[1753,1834,707,742]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">11.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FD694C23FC95" box="[165,1834,747,782]" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FD69497BFC95" box="[165,626,747,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FD694850FC95" box="[727,857,747,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">11.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FD6948BEFC95" box="[932,951,747,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFD694F23FC95" box="[1007,1066,747,782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FD694FA1FC95" box="[1126,1192,747,782]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FD694E2EFC95" box="[1239,1319,747,782]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FD694EBFFC95" box="[1428,1462,747,782]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FD694D27FC95" box="[1523,1582,747,782]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FD694DA3FC95" box="[1641,1706,747,782]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FD694C23FC95" box="[1753,1834,747,782]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FC964C23FCAC" box="[165,1834,788,823]" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FC96497BFCAC" box="[165,626,788,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FC964850FCAC" box="[727,857,788,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FC9648BEFCAC" box="[932,951,788,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFC964F23FCAC" box="[1007,1066,788,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FC964FA1FCAC" box="[1126,1192,788,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FC964E2EFCAC" box="[1239,1319,788,823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FC964EBFFCAC" box="[1428,1462,788,823]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FC964D27FCAC" box="[1523,1582,788,823]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">21.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FC964DA3FCAC" box="[1641,1706,788,823]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FC964C23FCAC" box="[1753,1834,788,823]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FCBE4C23FCFB" box="[165,1834,828,864]" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FCBE497BFCFB" box="[165,626,828,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FCBE4850FCFB" box="[727,857,828,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FCBE48BEFCFB" box="[932,951,828,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFCBE4F23FCFB" box="[1007,1066,828,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FCBE4FA1FCFB" box="[1126,1192,828,864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FCBE4E2EFCFB" box="[1239,1319,828,864]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FCBE4EBFFCFB" box="[1428,1462,828,864]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FCBE4D27FCFB" box="[1523,1582,828,864]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">11.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FCBE4DA3FCFB" box="[1641,1706,828,864]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FCBE4C23FCFB" box="[1753,1834,828,864]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FCE74C23FC13" box="[165,1834,869,904]" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FCE7497BFC13" box="[165,626,869,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Depth at dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FCE74850FC13" box="[727,857,869,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FCE748BEFC13" box="[932,951,869,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFCE74F23FC13" box="[1007,1066,869,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">28.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FCE74FA1FC13" box="[1126,1192,869,904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">31.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FCE74E2EFC13" box="[1239,1319,869,904]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FCE74EBFFC13" box="[1428,1462,869,904]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FCE74D27FC13" box="[1523,1582,869,904]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">26.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FCE74DA3FC13" box="[1641,1706,869,904]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">32.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FCE74C23FC13" box="[1753,1834,869,904]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">28.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FC0F4C23FC2B" box="[165,1834,909,944]" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FC0F497BFC2B" box="[165,626,909,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dorsal-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FC0F4850FC2B" box="[727,857,909,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">-</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FC0F48BEFC2B" box="[932,951,909,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFC0F4F23FC2B" box="[1007,1066,909,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">22.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FC0F4FA1FC2B" box="[1126,1192,909,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FC0F4E2EFC2B" box="[1239,1319,909,944]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FC0F4EBFFC2B" box="[1428,1462,909,944]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FC0F4D27FC2B" box="[1523,1582,909,944]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">17.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FC0F4DA3FC2B" box="[1641,1706,909,944]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FC0F4C23FC2B" box="[1753,1834,909,944]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FC374C23FC4C" box="[165,1834,949,983]" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FC37497BFC4C" box="[165,626,949,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FC374850FC4C" box="[727,857,949,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FC3748BEFC4C" box="[932,951,949,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFC374F23FC4C" box="[1007,1066,949,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FC374FA1FC4C" box="[1126,1192,949,983]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FC374E2EFC4C" box="[1239,1319,949,983]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FC374EBFFC4C" box="[1428,1462,949,983]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FC374D27FC4C" box="[1523,1582,949,983]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">11.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FC374DA3FC4C" box="[1641,1706,949,983]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FC374C23FC4C" box="[1753,1834,949,983]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FC5F4C23FB9B" box="[165,1834,989,1024]" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FC5F497BFB9B" box="[165,626,989,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FC5F4850FB9B" box="[727,857,989,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FC5F48BEFB9B" box="[932,951,989,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFC5F4F23FB9B" box="[1007,1066,989,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">15.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FC5F4FA1FB9B" box="[1126,1192,989,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FC5F4E2EFB9B" box="[1239,1319,989,1024]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FC5F4EBFFB9B" box="[1428,1462,989,1024]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FC5F4D27FB9B" box="[1523,1582,989,1024]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FC5F4DA3FB9B" box="[1641,1706,989,1024]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FC5F4C23FB9B" box="[1753,1834,989,1024]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FB844C23FBB3" box="[165,1834,1030,1064]" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FB84497BFBB3" box="[165,626,1030,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bony head length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FB844850FBB3" box="[727,857,1030,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FB8448BEFBB3" box="[932,951,1030,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFB844F23FBB3" box="[1007,1066,1030,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">28.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FB844FA1FBB3" box="[1126,1192,1030,1064]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FB844E2EFBB3" box="[1239,1319,1030,1064]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FB844EBFFBB3" box="[1428,1462,1030,1064]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FB844D27FBB3" box="[1523,1582,1030,1064]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">26.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FB844DA3FBB3" box="[1641,1706,1030,1064]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">32.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FB844C23FBB3" box="[1753,1834,1030,1064]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">30.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FBBD4C23FBFB" box="[165,1834,1087,1120]" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FBBD497BFBFB" box="[165,626,1087,1120]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Percentage of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FBE54C23FB12" box="[165,1834,1127,1161]" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FBE5497BFB12" box="[165,626,1127,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Snout length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FBE54850FB12" box="[727,857,1127,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FBE548BEFB12" box="[932,951,1127,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFBE54F23FB12" box="[1007,1066,1127,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FBE54FA1FB12" box="[1126,1192,1127,1161]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">25.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FBE54E2EFB12" box="[1239,1319,1127,1161]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FBE54EBFFB12" box="[1428,1462,1127,1161]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FBE54D27FB12" box="[1523,1582,1127,1161]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FBE54DA3FB12" box="[1641,1706,1127,1161]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FBE54C23FB12" box="[1753,1834,1127,1161]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FB0F4C23FB2A" box="[165,1834,1165,1201]" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FB0F497BFB2A" box="[165,626,1165,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Upper jaw length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FB0F4850FB2A" box="[727,857,1165,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FB0F48BEFB2A" box="[932,951,1165,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFB0F4F23FB2A" box="[1007,1066,1165,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FB0F4FA1FB2A" box="[1126,1192,1165,1201]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FB0F4E2EFB2A" box="[1239,1319,1165,1201]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FB0F4EBFFB2A" box="[1428,1462,1165,1201]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FB0F4D27FB2A" box="[1523,1582,1165,1201]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">16.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FB0F4DA3FB2A" box="[1641,1706,1165,1201]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FB0F4C23FB2A" box="[1753,1834,1165,1201]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">19.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FB354C23FB43" box="[165,1834,1207,1240]" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FB35497BFB43" box="[165,626,1207,1240]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FB354850FB43" box="[727,857,1207,1240]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">26.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FB3548BEFB43" box="[932,951,1207,1240]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFB354F23FB43" box="[1007,1066,1207,1240]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">19.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FB354FA1FB43" box="[1126,1192,1207,1240]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FB354E2EFB43" box="[1239,1319,1207,1240]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">19.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FB354EBFFB43" box="[1428,1462,1207,1240]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FB354D27FB43" box="[1523,1582,1207,1240]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">18.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FB354DA3FB43" box="[1641,1706,1207,1240]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">26.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FB354C23FB43" box="[1753,1834,1207,1240]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">21.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A260014FF15FB5C4C23FA9B" box="[165,1834,1246,1280]" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76925D9A2A260014FF15FB5C497BFA9B" box="[165,626,1246,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Least interorbital width</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FD67FB5C4850FA9B" box="[727,857,1246,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">25.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC14FB5C48BEFA9B" box="[932,951,1246,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FC5FFB5C4F23FA9B" box="[1007,1066,1246,1280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">31.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FBD6FB5C4FA1FA9B" box="[1126,1192,1246,1280]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">31.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FB67FB5C4E2EFA9B" box="[1239,1319,1246,1280]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">31.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA24FB5C4EBFFA9B" box="[1428,1462,1246,1280]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014FA43FB5C4D27FA9B" box="[1523,1582,1246,1280]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">22.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F9D9FB5C4DA3FA9B" box="[1641,1706,1246,1280]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">32.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A260014F969FB5C4C23FA9B" box="[1753,1834,1246,1280]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">26.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFF50FAC04AEBFA68" blockId="21.[164,974,1346,1523]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(12
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A26FFFEFEA1FAC04A21FAF1" box="[273,296,1346,1386]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">R</collectionCode>
) An anterior extension of the proximal end of the lepidotrichia of the anal-fin rays of males is absent. See apomorphy 12, clade D, for the outgroup state.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A26FFFCFF14F9A74936F7FE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFF14F9A749F1F6E0" blockId="21.[161,974,1573,2607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Description. Morphometric data are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6F1031F2A26FFFEFE9BF9D14AA8F9EC" box="[299,417,1619,1655]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="21.[167,251,223,259]" captionTargetBox="[165,1834,374,1280]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 2. Morphometries of Spintherobolus papilliferus. Table includes measurements of all examined specimens. Values for the holotype are given separately." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C662C2A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF0C662C2A26FFFEFF17FF5D4840FEB0">Table 2</tableCitation>
. The reduced anal fin and lack of an adipose fin in part give this species a rather unusual body shape for a characid. Body compressed, moderately elongate. Predorsal body profile convex with short concavity at nape followed by relatively steep convexity. This more strongly developed in large specimens (above
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A26FFFEFF13F80D4A1BF82C" box="[163,274,1935,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A26FFFEFE93F80D4A5AF82C" box="[291,339,1935,1975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SL</collectionCode>
). Body profile gently convex behind nape to dorsal-fin origin and along dorsal-fin base. Body profile nearly straight between terminal base of dorsal-fin and caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile of head gently convex. Belly profile between pectoral and pelvic fins straight or slightly convex. Profile between pelvic-fin origin and anal-fin origin slightly concave. Body profile along anal-fin base nearly straight or slightly concave. Caudal peduncle elongate with dorsal and ventral profiles nearly straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFF6CF6034C22FAF1" blockId="21.[161,974,1573,2607]" lastBlockId="21.[1026,1838,1346,2606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Snout prominent, blunt, and rounded. Dorsal profile ofhead straightto slightly concave. Mouth terminal, angled posteroventrally. Maxilla short, not reaching line drawn vertically through anterior margin of eye. Eyes smaller than snout length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFBF0FAF34F70FA6B" blockId="21.[1026,1838,1346,2606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Dorsal-fin rays, ii,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A26FFFEFAC1FAF34EA6FA03" box="[1393,1455,1393,1432]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
all specimens. Dorsal-fin origin near midbody distance. Adipose fin absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFBF2FA7A4EEEF7F1" blockId="21.[1026,1838,1346,2606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Anal-fin rays iii, 10 (anterior unbranched rays iii in
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A26FFFEFBE9F9A74E3BF9D7" box="[1113,1330,1573,1612]" count="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A26FFFEFA35F9A74D42F9D7" box="[1413,1611,1573,1612]" count="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
with a fourth vestigial anterior element detectable in radiographs;
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A26FFFEFB22F9FC4E7AF93C" box="[1170,1395,1662,1703]" count="29" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
with 9 branched anal-fin rays;
<typeStatus id="54C888062A26FFFEFBD2F9294FFDF948" box="[1122,1268,1707,1747]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</typeStatus>
and one other specimen with 10 branched rays;
<figureCitation id="13482A212A26FFFEFAB5F95A4E7CF89B" box="[1285,1397,1752,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[1373,1441,1205,1252]" captionTargetBox="[1374,2455,311,1138]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 20. Tukey box plots of the number of branched anal-fin rays in species of Spintherobolus. Visual comparison of these box plots shows that the anal-fin ray counts of S. papilliferus are obviously different from all other species. Also, although there is overlap, the counts of S. broccae are obviously significantly different from those of S. leptoura and S. ankoseion. However, there were no significant differences between the counts of S. leptoura and S. ankoseion when subject to a Mann-Whitney rank-sum test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882042/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Profile of anal fin rounded, with tip of all branched rays ending at more or less vertical imaginary line along posterior border of anal-fin base. Anal fin without hooks in
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A26FFFEFBB4F80D4FBBF82C" box="[1028,1202,1935,1975]" count="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
presumably large enough to be mature. Only one fully adult male examined and its anal-fin rays longer than those of females. Anal-fin origin at vertical line drawn through origin of posteriormost dorsal-fin ray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFEFBF0F7F24EB7F684" blockId="21.[1026,1838,1346,2606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pectoral-fin rays i, 13 (branched rays 10-13, x = 11.1, n = 20). Pectoral fin large, rounded, posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays extend to nearly pelvic-fin origin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A26FFFDFB8FF6A74901FEBC" blockId="21.[1026,1838,1346,2606]" lastBlockId="22.[65,877,211,2419]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pelvic-fin rays i,6 (branched rays 5-6, x = 5.8, n = 22). Pelvic fins of adult male reaching beyond anal-fin origin but not reaching that fin’s origin in females. Largest male with very short, truncated hooks located on ventromedial surface of pelvic-fin rays. These occur along one third of unbranched ray and about half of proximal length of first four branched rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFFCFFEAD4A72FC61" blockId="22.[65,877,211,2419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Principal caudal-fin rays 10/ 9 (9/
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A25FFFDFD67FEAD4815FECF" box="[727,796,303,340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A25FFFDFC81FEAD4BE9FE18" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
, x = 18.9, n = 28). Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 14 (range = 11- 15, x = 13.0, n = 24). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 15 (range = 12-17, x = 14.2, n = 26;
<figureCitation id="13482A212A25FFFDFE1BFE674915FD91" box="[427,540,485,522]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[83,131,1966,2001]" captionTargetBox="[83,892,1305,1932]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 23. Tukey box plots of the number of procurrent caudal-fin rays in species of Spintherobolus. Significant differences were not found between S. papilliferus and S. leptoura, between S. leptoura and S. ankoseion, and between S. papilliferus and S. ankoseion. However, significant differences using Mann-Whitney rank sumtests were found between S. papilliferus and S. broccae (T = 984, P &lt;0.001), between S. broccae and S. leptoura (T = 195, P = &lt;0.001), and between S. broccae and S. ankoseion (T = 604, P = &lt;0.001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882054/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males strong and well-developed, with proximal extremities fused, slab shaped and expanded in sagittal plane. Last five caudal vertebrae (including posterior half centrum) supporting caudal fin and procurrent rays, with enlarged and modified hemal spines. These five caudal vertebrae thus equal precaudal vertebrae by definition. Anteriormost 10 ventral procurrent fin rays of mature males fused, with lateral processes inserted among muscle fibers and skin of this region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFFCCFB824861F982" blockId="22.[65,877,211,2419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Scales cycloid. Lateral line with 3-6 perforated scales (x = 4.6, n = 19). Scales in longitudinal series 34-36 (x = 35.4, n = 19;
<figureCitation id="13482A212A25FFFDFD9CFBDF4994FB1A" box="[556,669,1117,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[83,131,881,917]" captionTargetBox="[83,892,214,840]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 22. Tukey box plots of the number of longitudinal series scales in species of Spintherobolus. Visual comparison of these box plots shows that these scale counts of S. papilliferus are obviously different from all the other species. The counts of. S. leptoura may be different from those of S. broccae and S. ankoseion, but the available counts for S. leptoura are too few (3) for useful statistical comparisons. The counts of S. broccae and S. ankoseion are not significantly different." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882047/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and longitudinal series (series continuous with perforated scales) 6-7 (x = 6.3, n = 19) and between this scale series and pelvic-fin origin, 5-6 (x = 5.6, n = 19). Predorsal scales from occipital process to dorsal-fin origin 12-15, irregular and difficult to count accurately, with 12-15 scales. Scale rows around caudal peduncle,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A25FFFDFF78FA454A11FA77" box="[200,280,1479,1516]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
all specimens. No modified scales on caudal-fin or scale sheath along anal-fin base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFFCCF99D494CF7AC" blockId="22.[65,877,211,2419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">All jaw teeth with expanded basal pedicle and more or less conical along their length, but with slightly expanded distal tip. Distal conical part of dentary teeth with small medial and small lateral cusps. Middle cusp relatively large, elongate and slender. Anterior premaxillary teeth also with one cusp on each side, these extremely reduced and almost imperceptible. Maxillary teeth conical with somewhat laterally expanded distal conical portion. There are 8 premaxillary, 7 max ­ illary and 12 dentary teeth in one cleared and stained specimen, 45.0 mm SL.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFFCBF7BD4933F6E8" blockId="22.[65,877,211,2419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Vertebrae 35-36 (x = 35.1, n = 30;
<figureCitation id="13482A212A25FFFDFD3CF7BD49FDF7FF" box="[652,756,2111,2148]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[1371,1437,2716,2764]" captionTargetBox="[1371,2413,1844,2665]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 21. Tukey box plots of the number of vertebrae in species of Spintherobolus. Visual comparison of these box plots shows that the vertebral counts of S. papilliferus are obviously different from all other species. Those of S. broccae and S. leptoura are not significantly different and those of S. ankoseion, although overlapping with those of S. broccae and 5. leptoura are significantly different from these two species when subject to Mann- Whitney rank-sum tests (T = 398, P &lt;0.001 and T = 246, P &lt;0.001 respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882045/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).Branchiostegal rays 4. Two rays attached nearly together on midventral surface of anterior ceratohyal, one on posteroventral lateral surface of anterior ceratohyal, and one on the mid-ventrolateral surface of posterior ceratohyal, in one cleared and stained specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFFF2F6254F07FBB0" blockId="22.[65,871,2471,2600]" lastBlockId="22.[927,1737,211,2601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Color in alcohol. The color description of preserved adults given below was taken from spec ­ imens collected within the last 17 years. The color pattern of the juvenile
<typeStatus id="54C888062A25FFFDFA98FF514E77FF60" box="[1320,1406,211,251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A25FFFDFA0AFF514D81FF60" box="[1466,1672,211,251]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A25FFFDFA0AFF514EC2FF60" box="[1466,1483,211,251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A25FFFDFA53FF514D81FF60" box="[1507,1672,211,251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat faded but essentially the same as that of the more recently collected adult specimens. See Figures 1,10,11,26,27, &amp; 28 for the preserved color patterns of adult males and females. The dorsal and lateral parts of the body are pale to medium brown, and pale yellowish brown ventrally. No obvious discrete lateral body stripes, bands, or blotches are present. In the photographs of a male and female, there appears to be a dark humeral spot just posterior to the more dorsal region of the opercular flap. This is not due to an increase number or size of the dark chromatophores. It is rather the area of the anterior and posterior pseudotympanums where the muscles of the lateral body wall are thin or absent. Black pigment coating the swimbladder can be seen through the skin and appears dark in the photograph.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFDFC6FFBAC4F1EF9DF" blockId="22.[927,1737,211,2601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The scale borders, especially their posterior borders are covered by a relatively wide band of dark chromatophores, producing a reticulate pattern over the body. These chromatophores are darker and perhaps more numerous dorsally making the belly region relatively pale and the back region relatively dark. What looks like a caudal spot in
<figureCitation id="13482A212A25FFFDFB2DFAE94E3EFA09" box="[1181,1335,1387,1426]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[105,169,2725,2772]" captionTargetBox="[105,2337,1090,1865]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 27. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 49408, adult female, 50.3 mm SL, Brazil, São Paulo, near Paranapiacaba." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882058/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 27</figureCitation>
of the female is an artifact of lighting in taking the photograph. No area of any scale is free of dark chromatophores and the central region of all scales thus appears pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A25FFFCFC6DF9CE48B8FF61" blockId="22.[927,1737,211,2601]" lastBlockId="23.[182,945,210,293]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The pectoral and pelvic fins of the female are hyaline with a few scattered dark chromatophores. The pectoral fins of the male are relatively dark, with numerous dark chromatophores scattered over both the dorsal and ventral surfac ­ es. The male’s pelvic fins are lighter, much like those of the female. The dorsal fin has a scatter ­ ing of dark chromatophores, which are more concentrated in the mid-dorsal region of the fin. The anal and caudal fins are hyaline with a thin scattering of small dark chromatophores over the rays and membranes. The patterns appearing in the caudal- and anal-fin photographs are due to the relative thickness of the fin and how it reflects and refracts light, not to pigment patterns. The head is pale brown around the mouth and on the ventral surface of the snout, jaws, and opercular region. The dorsal surface of the snout, between the eyes, the dorsum of the cranium and the nape are all dark brown. The head area posterior to the circumorbitals and extending ventrally from the parietal region across the dorsal opercular region is pale brown in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A24FFFCFF41FE834966FEBE" blockId="23.[182,945,210,293]" box="[241,623,257,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Color in life unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A24FFFCFF06FED94A30FC6C" blockId="23.[179,989,347,1015]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Sexual dimorphism. Males and females are not easily distinguished externally, having a similar body shape and color pattern (
<figureCitation id="13482A212A24FFFCFD6CFE37484BFE47" box="[732,834,437,476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[25,75,929,963]" captionTargetBox="[22,1698,209,880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 49408, adult male, 57.8 mm SL, Brazil, Sao Paulo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10881995/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A24FFFCFCD2FE37488CFE47" box="[866,901,437,476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[105,170,2672,2720]" captionTargetBox="[108,2338,247,1076]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 26. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 51021, female 60.8 mm SL, Brazil, Sao Paulo, rio Ipiranga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882056/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A24FFFCFC13FE3748C1FE47" box="[931,968,437,476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[105,169,2725,2772]" captionTargetBox="[105,2337,1090,1865]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 27. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 49408, adult female, 50.3 mm SL, Brazil, São Paulo, near Paranapiacaba." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882058/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">27</figureCitation>
). External sexually dimorphic features are not ex ­ tensively developed. The ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males are fused to each other, more developed than those of females, and have lateral processes. These rays are embedded deep into the scales and skin in this species and can be only identified after dissection or osteological preparation. The presence of small hooks on the pelvic fins is the clearest external sexually dimor ­ phic feature found in this species. The pelvic fin reaches the anal-fin origin in males, but not in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A24FFFCFF05FBAC4936F7FE" blockId="23.[178,988,1070,2149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Status of the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFE13FBAC4936FBC8" box="[419,575,1070,1107]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A24FFFCFDE9FBAC48D2FBC8" author="Eigenmann, C. H." box="[601,987,1070,1107]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="164 - 181" refId="ref29012" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. 1911. New characins in the collections of the Carnegie Museum. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8: 164 - 181." type="journal article" year="1911">Eigenmann (1911: 167)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCFEEFFBD94924FB1B" box="[351,557,1115,1152]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFEEFFBD94A79FB1B" box="[351,368,1115,1152]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFE35FBD94924FB1B" box="[389,557,1115,1152]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFD6CFBD948DDFB1B" box="[732,980,1115,1152]" count="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
, the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFF41FB044A8CFB35" box="[241,389,1158,1198]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
, CM 3582, and
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFD3BFB044877FB35" box="[651,894,1158,1198]" count="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">four paratypes</specimenCount>
(designated cotypes by Eigenmann), CM 3583. We found
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFE94FB634910FA9C" box="[292,537,1249,1287]" count="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
labeled as
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFD6CFB634889FA9C" box="[732,896,1249,1287]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">paratypes</typeStatus>
, four in
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFF50FA8D4A5CFAA8" box="[224,341,1295,1331]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FMNH</collectionCode>
54918, and one in CAS-SU 17520. We find that according to the labels in both jars
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFF03FAE84A2EFA09" box="[179,295,1386,1426]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FMNH</collectionCode>
54918 originally contained
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFD52FAE848D8FA09" box="[738,977,1386,1426]" count="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
, and one was subsequently transferred to SU 17520. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A24FFFCFE60FA444880FA72" author="Ibarra, M. &amp; D. J. Stewart" box="[464,905,1478,1513]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref29510" refString="Ibarra, M. &amp; D. J. Stewart. 1987. Catalogue of the type specimens of recent fishes in Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana Zool., N. S., 35: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1987">Ibarra &amp; Stewart (1987: 81)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFEC3FA70490AF982" box="[371,515,1522,1561]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
was missing and
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFC89FA704A00F9DD" count="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">five paratypes</specimenCount>
were present. Since they do not give
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFCD4F99D48D0F9DD" box="[868,985,1567,1606]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FMNH</collectionCode>
museum numbers we are uncertain of the meaning of their statement. However, the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFCF7F9FA48D0F93B" box="[839,985,1656,1696]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
must be one of the
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A24FFFCFE44F92749E1F956" box="[500,744,1701,1741]" count="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
present in the
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFF03F9564BF5F961" box="[179,252,1748,1786]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CAS</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFED2F9564AD1F961" box="[354,472,1748,1786]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FMNH</collectionCode>
collections. Eigenmann gave the total length of the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFDAAF88249A4F8BC" box="[538,685,1792,1831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
as
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A24FFFCFD53F882485AF8BC" box="[739,851,1792,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
and the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFF02F8AD4A5FF8CE" box="[178,342,1839,1877]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">paratypes</typeStatus>
as ranging from
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A24FFFCFD10F8AD484CF8CE" box="[672,837,1839,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="25.0">25-39 mm</quantity>
in total length. Unfortunately all the specimens now have damaged caudal fins, but we identify the largest in the
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFEA9F8364A87F846" box="[281,398,1972,2013]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FMNH</collectionCode>
collection as the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFD1CF8364836F846" box="[684,831,1972,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13482A212A24FFFCFCE8F83648CAF846" box="[856,963,1972,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[104,169,2777,2823]" captionTargetBox="[104,2336,1873,2621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 28. Spintherobolus papilliferus, FMNH 54918, holotype, 34.1 mm SL. Brazil, São Paulo, Alto da Serra, near Paranapiacaba." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882061/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Its general body shape and color pattern also fit well with that published in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A24FFFCFDCCF7924890F7AD" author="Eigenmann, C. H." box="[636,921,2064,2102]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="164 - 181" refId="ref29012" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. 1911. New characins in the collections of the Carnegie Museum. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8: 164 - 181." type="journal article" year="1911">Eigenmann (1911</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 5 fig.l; 1915: pl.3 fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A24FFFCFF02F7154FA8F9E9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A24FFFCFF02F7154EF8FC61" blockId="23.[178,985,2199,2599]" lastBlockId="23.[1043,1856,210,1650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Conservation note. Menezes and Weitzman are extensively documenting the location of the Alto da Serra
<typeStatus id="54C888062A24FFFCFEF3F7724A83F682" box="[323,394,2288,2329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
locality near the head waters of the rio Grande da Serra, a tributary of the rio Tietê in the vicinity of Campo Grande and Paranapiacaba, State of Sao Paulo. The known collecting sites for this species have been altered by pollution and commercial use, especially that of the rio Ipiranga in the city of São Paulo where the fish is apparently extinct. We have examined one large female
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A24FFFCFB25FE834E28FEB3" box="[1173,1313,257,296]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="60.8">60.8 mm</quantity>
SL (
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A24FFFCFAC5FE834EFEFEB3" box="[1397,1527,257,296]" collectionName="MZUSP" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MZUSP</collectionCode>
51021;
<figureCitation id="13482A212A24FFFCF9CCFE834DFDFEB3" box="[1660,1780,257,296]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[169,217,1134,1180]" captionTargetBox="[848,1844,271,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 11. Spintherobolus papilliferus, MZUSP 51021, female 60.8 mm SL. Dorsum of head and back nearly to dorsal-fin origin. Neuromasts are present in the irregular grooves between the eyes and the supraoccipital region but these are nearly impossible to see in the photograph. A bilaterally distributed row of neuromasts runs along the long axis of the body between the nares. This row of neuromasts shows more clearly on the left side than on the right side of the top of the head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882018/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
, 26) collected in 1929 from this locality that has grooves on the top of the head that are deeper than any other specimen examined. This specimen also has 33 vertebrae rather than the 35-36 found in all other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCF9AFFE634DE4FD92" box="[1567,1773,481,521]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF9AFFE634D39FD92" box="[1567,1584,481,521]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF9F4FE634DFCFD92" box="[1604,1781,481,521]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
The young specimens we have from rio Ipiranga have the usual number of vertebrae found in
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCF973FDBE4F7AFD0B" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF973FDBE4DD5FDF8" box="[1731,1756,572,611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF958FDBE4F7AFD0B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and because they are young, their cephalic grooves are not well-developed. The absence of more adult, mature specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCF9DFFD414C34FD71" box="[1647,1853,707,746]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF9DFFD414D89FD71" box="[1647,1664,707,746]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCF925FD414C34FD71" box="[1685,1853,707,746]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the rio Ipiranga locality and with only one mature male and three mature females of this species from the rio Grande da Serra locality prevent us from investigating further the possibility that the large specimen from rio Ipiranga might be a different species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A24FFFCFBE1FB824FA8F9E9" blockId="23.[1043,1856,210,1650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
At present
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCFABEFB824ED5FBBC" box="[1294,1500,1024,1063]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFABEFB824E29FBBC" box="[1294,1312,1024,1063]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFA83FB824ED5FBBC" box="[1331,1500,1024,1063]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may survive only in the rio Grande da Serra, near Paranapiacaba and Campo Grande. This area is next to the storage and transfer yards of the Rede Ferroviária Feder ­ al S. A (Brás) where it crosses the summit of the Serra do Mar (locally called the Serra de Paranapiacaba) between the cities of São Paulo and Santos. This area lies near the Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba where
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A24FFFCFA3DFAEA4D50FA0A" box="[1421,1625,1384,1425]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFA3DFAEA4EACFA0A" box="[1421,1445,1384,1425]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A24FFFCFA01FAEA4D50FA0A" box="[1457,1625,1384,1425]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may still ex ­ ist. No extensive search has been made for this species in the Paranapiacaba region, but recent collection trips to the immediate vicinity ofParanapiacaba and Campo Grande failed to produce this fish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink