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species:
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC112A189D40AD37C32E3D20" box="[327,607,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pterinoxylus difformipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC112A189E6DAD37C2393D20" author="Serville, J. G." box="[618,840,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref44276" refString="Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 18, 776 pp." type="book" year="1838">Serville, 1838: 227</bibRefCitation>
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(=
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC112A189F70AD37C4183DDF" ID-CoL="3JP65" authority="Burmeister, 1838: 577" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="577" authorityYear="1838" box="[887,1385,1893,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC112A189F70AD37C5263D20" box="[887,1111,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haplopus eucnemis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC112A189864AD37C4183DDF" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1123,1385,1893,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="553 - 589" refId="ref42744" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, II. Berlin, pp. 553 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838: 577</bibRefCitation>
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), by original monotypy.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB631189EC112A189C90AD9CC0973DB9" box="[151,486,1998,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC112A189C90AD9CC0663DB9" box="[151,279,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC112A189D19AD9CC0933DB9" author="Serville, J. G." box="[286,482,1998,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref44276" refString="Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 18, 776 pp." type="book" year="1838">Serville, 1838: 226</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AAC5C0E83AF0" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[199,409,150,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref44528" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London. 196 pp., pls. 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1859">Westwood, 1859: 89</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 36: 1.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AAE7C0073A92" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[199,374,181,205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889: 502</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AA86C00B3AB3" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,378,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AA86C0073AB3" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[199,374,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref43626" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, Vol. 1. British Museum, London." type="book" year="1904">Kirby, 1904: 362</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AAA1C0183B54" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,361,243,267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AAA1C0143B54" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[199,357,243,267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="38 - 107" refId="ref44052" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1904) Studies in the orthopterous family Phasmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 56, 38 - 107." type="journal article" year="1904">Rehn, 1904: 61</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AB43C0BA3B76" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,459,273,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AB43C0B63B76" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[199,455,273,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 427</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AB62C0E93B17" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,408,304,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AB62C0E53B17" author="Shelford, R." box="[199,404,304,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="343 - 377" refId="ref44304" refString="Shelford, R. (1909) Family Phasmidae. In: Biologia Centrali - Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Insecta, Orthoptera. Vol. 2, 343 - 377, plates 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1909">Shelford, 1909: 365</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AB1DC0CD3B38" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,444,334,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AB1DC0003B39" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[199,369,334,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref44085" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1957) The description of the female sex of Pterinoxylus spinulosus, with notes on stridulation in the female sex of this genus (Orthoptera; Phasmatidae; hibalosomatinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 83, 185 - 194, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1957">Rehn, 1957: 185</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0AB3CC0883BDA" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,505,365,389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0AB3CC0FF3BDA" author="Zompro, O." box="[199,398,365,389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref44569" refString="Zompro, O. (1997) Uber einige Phasmiden aus der Entomologischen Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 12 (156), 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1997">Zompro, 1997: 180</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2ab.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0ABDFC00E3BFB" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,383,396,421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bragg, 2001: 642.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90ABF9C2923B9C" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,995,426,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Langlois, Lelong, Rastel, Polidori, &amp; Dorel, 2000: 50, figs. 20ag &amp; photos 1922.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90AB9BC2F43BBE" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,901,457,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lelong, Langlois, Rastel, &amp; Dorel, 2003: 75, figs. 26ag &amp; photos 3538.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90ABBAC012385F" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,355,488,512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zompro, 2004: 320.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0A855C3913840" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,736,518,543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0A855C08C3840" author="Lelong, P. &amp; Langlois, F." box="[199,509,518,543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref43801" refString="Lelong, P. &amp; Langlois, F. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Phasmatodea de la Martinique. Bulletin dela Societe entomologique de France, 110 (3), 259 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2005.16231" type="journal article" year="2005">Lelong &amp; Langlois, 2005: 268</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 2530 &amp; 4346.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0A877C0BA3862" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,459,549,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0A877C0B63862" author="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D." box="[199,455,549,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref43962" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. CafePress. com. 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005: 294</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0A816C3063803" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,631,580,604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0A816C3023803" author="Conle, O. V. &amp; Hennemann, F. H. &amp; Gutierrez, Y." box="[199,627,580,604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref42938" refString="Conle, O. V., Hennemann, F. H. &amp; Gutierrez, Y. (2011) The Stick Insects of Colombia. A catalogue and bibliography with the descriptions of four new genera and 74 new species. Herstellung und Verlag: Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 406 pp." type="book" year="2011">Conle, Hennemann &amp; Gutiérrez, 2011: 64</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199CC0A831C2193824" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[199,872,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199CC0A831C3EF3824" author="Hennemann, F. H. &amp; Conle, O. V. &amp; Perez-Gelabert, D." box="[199,670,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref43437" refString="Hennemann, F. H., Conle, O. V. &amp; Perez-Gelabert, D. (2016) Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XVI: Revision of Haplopodini Gunther, 1953 (rev. Stat.), with notes on the subfamily Cladomorphinae Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977 and the descriptions of a new tribe, four new genera and nine new species (Phasmatodea: &quot; Anareolatae &quot;: Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae). Zootaxa, 4128 (1), 1 - 211. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4128.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Hennemann, Conle &amp; Perez-Gelabert, 2016: 8</bibRefCitation>
, 28, figs 3744, 46.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90A8D3C33938C6" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,584,641,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB631189EC102A199C90A8D3C33938C6" box="[151,584,641,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B6EC102A199C90A8D3C09838C6" author="Burmeister, H." box="[151,489,641,665]" page="577" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1838">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC102A199C90A8D3C09838C6" ID-CoL="8NQ5D" authority=", Burmeister, 1838: 577" authorityName=", Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="577" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,489,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC102A199C90A8D3C18B38C6" box="[151,250,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haplopus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199D01A8D3C09838C6" author="Burmeister, H." box="[262,489,641,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="553 - 589" refId="ref42744" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, II. Berlin, pp. 553 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838: 577</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90A8F2C24D38E8" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,828,672,696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199C90A8F2C04E38E7" author="Haan, W. De" box="[151,319,672,696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 138" refId="ref43250" refString="Haan, W. De (1842) Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera. In: Temmick, C. J. (Ed.), Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche Bezittingen. Verhandelingen Zoologie, Vol. 2, 95 - 138." type="journal article" year="1842">Haan, 1842: 127</bibRefCitation>
(in part). [Erroneous synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC102A199EAAA8F2C25C38E7" ID-CoL="8NYCT" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[685,813,672,696]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC102A199EAAA8F2C25C38E7" box="[685,813,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A199C90A8EDC0853888" blockId="5.[151,995,150,727]" box="[151,500,703,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC102A199C90A8EDC0E53888" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,404,703,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 429</bibRefCitation>
(in part).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC102A1A9C90A956C29F38F6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC102A1A9C90A956C3423B8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,772,2023]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC102A199C90A956C0E5397D" bold="true" box="[151,404,772,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Description:
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199D35A954C02A397D" box="[306,347,774,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
/
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199D61A954C0FE397D" box="[358,399,774,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
.
</emphasis>
Medium sized to large (body lengths:
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199F44A957C21C3940" box="[835,877,773,799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
incl. subgenital plate 116.0196.0 mm,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A19992AA957C4263940" box="[1325,1367,773,799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
82.0 118.0 mm), elongate and moderately slender, stick-like
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC102A199EF5A97BC2DC391C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[754,941,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladomorphinae">Cladomorphinae</taxonomicName>
with very prominent sexual dimorphism.
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199975A97BC4ED391C" box="[1394,1436,809,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
with scale-like tegmina and alae exceeding abdominal tergum IV.
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199F69A91FC2E93938" box="[878,920,845,871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
much larger and much stockier, brachypterous but alae projecting over posterior margin of median segment. Alae with a tympanal area (= stridulatory organ) in the basal portion of the costal region, that is positioned between the radial and medial veins (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC102A19987AA9C7C46339F0" box="[1149,1298,917,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-26@50.[151,1436,181,1579]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 20: Pterinoxylus spp. venation of alae. A. P. speciosus n. sp. ♀ HT, dorsal view (mirrored horizontally) [MNCR-A, collection no. 042809]; B. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 ♀, ventral view with tympanal area coloured yellow [coll. OC]; C. P. speciosus n. sp. ♂ PT, dorsal view (mirrored horizontally) [MNCR-A, collection no. 52571]. Explanation of abbreviations: 1AA-7AA = firstseventh anterior anal; 1PA-7PA = firstseventh posterior anal, C = costa, Cu = cubitus, Cu1 cubitus 1, Cu2 = cubitus 2, E = empusal, M = media, MA = media anterior, Mp1 = media posterior 1, Mp2 = media posterior 2, R = radial, R1 = radius 1, Rs = radial sector, Sc = subcostal, TA = tympanal area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319002/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 20AB</figureCitation>
); radial vein notably thickened, domed and with rough dorsal texture. Body of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199F69A9EBC2E9398C" box="[878,920,953,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
cylindrical, of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199838A9EBC518398C" box="[1087,1129,953,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
subcylindrical. Entire body surface ± prominently rugulose and wrinkled, thorax partly granulose, tuberculose or spinose. Head longer than wide, dorsoventrally flattened and ± parallel-sided. Vertex with ± prominent tubercles or spines and occasionally convex. No ocelli. A slender and transverse gula present. Antennae moderately robust and not reaching (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A1998EBAE77C4623E60" box="[1260,1299,1061,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
) or slightly projecting over posterior margin of mesothorax; consisting of 2733 segments. Scapus dorsoventrally flattened and ± roundly deflexed laterally, pedicellus subcylindrical. Following antennomeres with a longitudinal median keel or bulge ventrally. Pronotum rectangular and distinctly longer than wide. Probasisternum with two rough sensory areas near lateral excavations of procoxae (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC102A199E47AEE7C3B53E90" box="[576,708,1205,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE1:A.Terminalia of ♀ Pterinoxylus perarmatus(Redtenbacher,1908) inMIUP;B.Sensory areas ofPterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♂, ventral view of prothorax showing the three sensory areas typical for Pterinoxylus (encircled with white dotted ovals); C. Right sensory area at lateral margin of probasisternum (enlarged); D. Large central sensory area of profurcasternum (enlarged). Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Cerv = cervix, Cx = procoxa, Ep = epiproct, Gap8 = gonapophysis 8, Gap9 = gonapophysis 9, Gon = gonangulum, Pa = paraproct, PrO = praeopercular organ, ProBa = probasisternum, ProSt = profurcasternum, S7 = abdominal sternum 7, Sg = subgenital plate, T7, T8, … = abdominal tergum 7, abdominal tergum 8 ..., T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318964/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1BC</figureCitation>
); profurcasternum with a raised, oval central sensory area (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC102A199963AEE7C19A3EAC" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE1:A.Terminalia of ♀ Pterinoxylus perarmatus(Redtenbacher,1908) inMIUP;B.Sensory areas ofPterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♂, ventral view of prothorax showing the three sensory areas typical for Pterinoxylus (encircled with white dotted ovals); C. Right sensory area at lateral margin of probasisternum (enlarged); D. Large central sensory area of profurcasternum (enlarged). Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Cerv = cervix, Cx = procoxa, Ep = epiproct, Gap8 = gonapophysis 8, Gap9 = gonapophysis 9, Gon = gonangulum, Pa = paraproct, PrO = praeopercular organ, ProBa = probasisternum, ProSt = profurcasternum, S7 = abdominal sternum 7, Sg = subgenital plate, T7, T8, … = abdominal tergum 7, abdominal tergum 8 ..., T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318964/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1B, 1D</figureCitation>
). Mesothorax elongate, at least 3x longer than pronotum (comparatively longer in relation in
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A1998F9AE8BC45A3EAC" box="[1278,1323,1241,1267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
), parallelsided. Metanotum quadrate to slightly transverse. Meso- and metasternum as well as pleurae simple; granulose, rugulose and/or tuberculose. Tegmina ovate and scale-like with a rounded central hump; slightly projecting over posterior margin of metanotum. Anal region of alae dark grey to black with ± distinct transparent spots, markings or radially arranged stripes; in
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199DF6AF3BC36A3FDC" box="[497,539,1385,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
of a conspicuous convex contour when opened. Abdomen longer than head and thorax combined. Median segment about 2x longer than metanotum. Segments IIVI parallel-sided and either more than 2x longer than wide (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199DC7AFE3C09D3F94" box="[448,492,1457,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
) or just indistinctly longer than wide (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199FA6AFE3C2B83F94" box="[929,969,1457,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
). Tergum VII parallel-sided to ± laterally deflexed and sometimes with a lateral lobe (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199E92AF87C3CC3FB0" box="[661,701,1493,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
in particular). VIIIX slightly narrower (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A19989DAF87C5B03FB0" box="[1178,1217,1493,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
) or a little broader than previous segments (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199DAAAFABC0AA3C4C" box="[429,475,1529,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
). Praeopercular organ of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199EF2AFABC26E3C4C" box="[757,799,1529,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
indistinct and usually formed by a median tubercle close to posterior margin of sternum VII. Anal segment quadrate to slightly transverse, the posterior margin rounded with a small median indentation (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199DE6AC13C37C3C04" box="[481,525,1601,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
) or broadly emarginated (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199F47AC13C2193C04" box="[832,872,1601,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
). Epiproct small and with a longitudinal median carina, mostly concealed by anal segment in
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199E97AC37C3CC3C20" box="[656,701,1637,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
. Vomer of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199F3FAC37C2133C20" box="[824,866,1637,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
well developed, sclerotized and broadly triangular with a single, fairly short, upcurved terminal hook (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC102A199ED3ACDBC2143CFC" box="[724,869,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,200,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-26@60.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 21: Pterinoxylus spp. terminal two abdominal segments of ♂♂ in ventral aspect, showing vomer and poculum. A. P. cocoense n. sp.: PT [MNCRA, collection no. #107146]; B. P. crassus (Kirby, 1889): Specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 058821]; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838): Specimen from French Guiana [coll. OC]; D. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908): Specimen from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica [coll. FH, No. 08416]; E. P. speciosus n. sp.: PT [MNCRA, collection no. 52571]; F. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908: Specimen from Greenhills, Belize [coll. OC]. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319004/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 21AF</figureCitation>
). Cerci very small, compressed laterally, ± carinate dorsally and ventrally and slightly incurved. Gonapophyses VIII of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199FA7ACFFC2BB3C98" box="[928,970,1709,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
not considerably elongated or extending beyond anal segment but notably longer than gonaphophyses IX (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC102A199F8DAC83C2943CB4" box="[906,997,1745,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,179,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE1:A.Terminalia of ♀ Pterinoxylus perarmatus(Redtenbacher,1908) inMIUP;B.Sensory areas ofPterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♂, ventral view of prothorax showing the three sensory areas typical for Pterinoxylus (encircled with white dotted ovals); C. Right sensory area at lateral margin of probasisternum (enlarged); D. Large central sensory area of profurcasternum (enlarged). Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Cerv = cervix, Cx = procoxa, Ep = epiproct, Gap8 = gonapophysis 8, Gap9 = gonapophysis 9, Gon = gonangulum, Pa = paraproct, PrO = praeopercular organ, ProBa = probasisternum, ProSt = profurcasternum, S7 = abdominal sternum 7, Sg = subgenital plate, T7, T8, … = abdominal tergum 7, abdominal tergum 8 ..., T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318964/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). No gonoplacs. Gonangulum present. Subgenital plate of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199D7BACA7C0D73D50" box="[380,422,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
elongate, irregularly naviculate or spatulate and distinctly projecting over apex of anal segment; longitudinally keeled basally but broadened and flattened towards a rounded to angular apex. Poculum (= subgenital plate) of
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199D72AD6FC0EE3D08" box="[373,415,1853,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
gently convex, cup-like and with a median carina; posterior margin notched medially. Legs short and robust (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A199D5BAD33C0F53D24" box="[348,388,1889,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
in particular) with more or less prominently expanded or lobed carinae. Tibiae notably shorter than corresponding femora. Protibiae with broad foliaceous lobes and lamellate expansions (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC102A1998CAADD7C5843DC0" box="[1229,1269,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
in particular). Meso- and metafemora and corresponding tibiae with a ± distinct sub-apical dorsal lobe or tooth. Profemora shorter than mesothorax, metafemora at best reaching half way along abdominal tergum IV. Profemora compressed and curved basally and distinctly triangular in cross-section with the anterodorsal carina conspicuously raised and ± lamellate; medioventral carina indistinct and slightly displaced towards anteroventral carina. Meso- and metafemora and all tibiae trapezoidal in cross-section, the two anterior carinae strongly approaching each other. Medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora indistinct and unarmed or at best with a few minute spinules. Meso- and metatibiae shorter than corresponding femora. Tibiae without an area apicalis. Medioventral carina of meso- and metatibiae conspicuously displaced towards the anteroventral carina in the median portion. Tarsi short and stout, probasitarsus with a distinct rounded dorsal lobe, that is formed by the melted dorsal carinae. Meso- and metabasitarsi simple, furcate dorsally with the two dorsal carinae strongly approaching each other but well separated, and no longer than following two tarsomeres combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AB89C29F38F6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AB89C0C93BAB" bold="true" box="[199,440,474,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Eggs (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC132A1A9D16AB88C0D73BAA" box="[273,422,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 22AH</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Large to very large (overall length&gt; 6.0 mm), alveolar, at least 3x longer than wide and cylindrical to oval in cross-section. Entire capsule surface minutely punctured and strongly sculptured, with prominent raised ridges and wrinkles. Polar-area with a more or less prominent, hollow peripheral extension. Operculum circular and with a peripheral extension on outer margin similar to that of the polar-area. Micropylar plate elongate, oval and pointed anteriorly; covering about one-quarter of capsule length. Micropylar cup distinct. Internal micropylar plate open with a wide, triangular posteromedian gap. No median line.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0A8E0C2983F26" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0A8E0C57539B2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0A8E0C0233893" bold="true" box="[199,338,690,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comments:</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9DDCA8E1C3183892" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[475,617,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9DDCA8E1C3183892" box="[475,617,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9FCDA8E1C5C03892" author="Serville, J. G." box="[970,1201,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref44276" refString="Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 18, 776 pp." type="book" year="1838">Serville (1838: 227)</bibRefCitation>
for his
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9908A8E1C06638AE" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9908A8E1C06638AE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus difformipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from a
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A9DF6A885C37738AE" box="[497,518,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female"></specimenCount>
from “Amérique méridionale” (= South America). As this was the only species included in the genus when it was described,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9E90A8A9C2E0394A" authority="Serville" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityYear="1838" box="[663,913,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9E90A8A9C242394A" box="[663,819,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. difformipes</emphasis>
Serville
</taxonomicName>
is the type-species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A988AA8A9C46A394A" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[1165,1307,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A988AA8A9C46A394A" box="[1165,1307,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by original monotypy. Shortly before in the same year,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9E70A94DC20A3966" author="Burmeister, H." box="[631,891,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="553 - 589" refId="ref42744" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, II. Berlin, pp. 553 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1838">Burmeister (1838: 577)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9FF5A94DC5BD3967" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1010,1228,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9FF5A94DC5BD3967" box="[1010,1228,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haplopus eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A994CA94DC4113966" box="[1355,1376,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female"></specimenCount>
from the State of Pará,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D5AA911C0D43902" box="[349,421,835,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DA8A911C3D03902" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[431,673,834,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref44528" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London. 196 pp., pls. 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1859">Westwood (1859: 89)</bibRefCitation>
was correct in recognizing that these two taxa were conspecific and synonymised
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9D36A935C0C539DF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[305,436,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9D36A935C0C539DF" box="[305,436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9DF5A935C3E239DE" box="[498,659,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9DF5A935C3FE39DE" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityYear="1838" box="[498,655,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">P. difformipes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This author also provided a beautiful figure of Burmeisters's
<typeStatus id="54C88805EC132A1A993DA935C4ED39DE" box="[1338,1436,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as well as a redescription in his famous 1859 catalogue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9F1BA9D9C2AC39FA" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[796,989,906,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref44528" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London. 196 pp., pls. 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
, plate 36: 1). However, as Burmeister's publication predates that of Serville,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9E30A9FDC3A23996" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityYear="1838" box="[567,723,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9E30A9FDC3A23996" box="[567,723,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. difformipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be regarded a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9844A9FDC5B63997" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1091,1223,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9844A9FDC5B63997" box="[1091,1223,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A98D1A9FDC4ED3996" author="Haan, W. De" box="[1238,1436,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="95 - 138" refId="ref43250" refString="Haan, W. De (1842) Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera. In: Temmick, C. J. (Ed.), Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche Bezittingen. Verhandelingen Zoologie, Vol. 2, 95 - 138." type="journal article" year="1842">Haan (1842: 127)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously treated
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9D71A981C37539B2" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[374,516,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9D71A981C37539B2" box="[374,516,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9ECFA981C57139B2" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName=", Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[712,1024,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9ECFA981C24439B2" box="[712,821,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haplopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9F3BA981C57139B2" author="Burmeister, H." box="[828,1024,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="553 - 589" refId="ref42744" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, II. Berlin, pp. 553 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0A9A5C0D73EFE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
A third species,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9D7DA9A5C3133E4F" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" box="[378,610,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9D7DA9A5C3133E4F" box="[378,610,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9F32A9A5C5713E4E" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[821,1024,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby (1889: 502)</bibRefCitation>
based on a
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A9885A9A5C5E63E4E" box="[1154,1175,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female"></specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A98DDA9A5C43A3E4E" box="[1242,1355,1015,1041]" name="Dominica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, one of the Lesser Antillean islands.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DD9AE49C2743E6A" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[478,773,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher (1908: 428)</bibRefCitation>
described a fourth species,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9846AE49C43C3E6A" box="[1089,1357,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9846AE49C43C3E6A" box="[1089,1357,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A9CCBAE6DC1903E06" box="[204,225,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male"></specimenCount>
and nymph from
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9DA0AE6DC3713E06" box="[423,512,1087,1113]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
and provided a description of the
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A9F7EAE6DC2FF3E06" box="[889,910,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male"></specimenCount>
of Burmeister's
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9842AE6DC5B93E07" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1093,1224,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9842AE6DC5B93E07" box="[1093,1224,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A fifth but generically misplaced species,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9DADAE31C2F53E22" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1908" box="[426,900,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Haplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9DADAE31C3EE3E23" box="[426,671,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haplopus perarmatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9EA2AE31C2F53E22" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[677,900,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9FC0AE31C54B3E22" box="[967,1082,1123,1149]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9908AE31C4EC3E22" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[1295,1437,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9908AE31C4EC3E22" box="[1295,1437,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9CBDAED5C0D33EFE" author="Zompro, O." box="[186,418,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="251 - 290" refId="ref44605" refString="Zompro, O. (2005) Catalogue of type-material of the insect order Phasmatodea, housed in the Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt - Universitat zu Berlin, Germany and in the Institut fur Zoologie der Martin-Luther-Universitat in Halle (Saale), Germany. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (2005), 251 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 200410018" type="journal article" year="2005">Zompro (2005: 275)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AEF9C2983F26" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9CC0AEF9C0253E9A" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[199,340,1194,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref44085" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1957) The description of the female sex of Pterinoxylus spinulosus, with notes on stridulation in the female sex of this genus (Orthoptera; Phasmatidae; hibalosomatinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 83, 185 - 194, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1957">Rehn (1957)</bibRefCitation>
briefly discussed the genus and supplied a description and illustration of the so far unknown
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC132A1A9975AEF9C4ED3E9A" box="[1394,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB1AE9DC0803EB6" authority="Redtenbacher." authorityName="Redtenbacher." box="[182,497,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB1AE9DC0383EB6" box="[182,329,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. spinulosus</emphasis>
Redtenbacher.
</taxonomicName>
The egg of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9E7CAE9DC27C3EB6" box="[635,781,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9E7CAE9DC27C3EB6" box="[635,781,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9FE7AE9DC5B63EB6" author="Zompro, O." box="[992,1223,1231,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref44569" refString="Zompro, O. (1997) Uber einige Phasmiden aus der Entomologischen Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 12 (156), 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1997">Zompro (1997: 180)</bibRefCitation>
from material collected in
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9CFAAEA1C0073F52" box="[253,374,1267,1293]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and erroneously identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9EC0AEA1C5793F52" authority="Serville, 1838" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityYear="1838" box="[711,1032,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9EC0AEA1C2133F52" box="[711,866,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. difformipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9F6FAEA1C5793F52" author="Serville, J. G." box="[872,1032,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref44276" refString="Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 18, 776 pp." type="book" year="1838">Serville, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9814AEA1C4743F52" author="Langlois, F. &amp; Lelong, P. &amp; Rastel, D. &amp; Polidori, E. &amp; Dorel, E." box="[1043,1285,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref43726" refString="Langlois, F., Lelong, P., Rastel, D. Polidori, E. &amp; Dorel, E. (2000) Phasmatodea de Martinique. ASPER publishing, Sainte Foy d'Aigrefeuille, 74 pp." type="book" year="2000">Langlois et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9917AEA1C1933F6E" author="Lelong, P. &amp; Langlois, F. &amp; Rastel, D. &amp; Dorel, E." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref43766" refString="Lelong, P., Langlois, F., Rastel, D. &amp; Dorel, E. (2003) Phasmatodea of Dominica. ASPER publishing, Sainte Foyd'Aigrefeuille, 103 pp." type="book" year="2003">Lelong et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9D11AF45C3493F6E" author="Lelong, P. &amp; Langlois, F." box="[278,568,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref43801" refString="Lelong, P. &amp; Langlois, F. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Phasmatodea de la Martinique. Bulletin dela Societe entomologique de France, 110 (3), 259 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2005.16231" type="journal article" year="2005">Lelong &amp; Langlois (2005)</bibRefCitation>
provided descriptions and illustrations of both sexes and the eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9929AF45C06C3F0A" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9929AF45C4ED3F6F" box="[1326,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. crassus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9C90AF69C06C3F0A" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[151,285,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
along with notes on the habitats and biology in
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9F3BAF69C2DB3F0A" box="[828,938,1339,1365]" name="Dominica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dominica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9FE6AF69C5103F0A" box="[993,1121,1339,1365]" name="Martinique" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Martinique</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A986BAF69C4583F0A" author="Robinson, M. H." box="[1132,1321,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="51 - 58" refId="ref44250" refString="Robinson, M. H. (1970) Animals that mimic parts of plants. Morris Arboretum Bulletin, 21, 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
presented information on camouflage and active defensive behaviour of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9F57AF0DC2903F26" box="[848,993,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9F57AF0DC2903F26" box="[848,993,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AFD0C0B83F9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AFD0C0B83F9E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AFD0C3623FC3" bold="true" box="[199,531,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC132A1A9D75AFD0C3743FC3" box="[370,517,1410,1436]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 31" captionStart-1="FIGURE 32" captionStart-2="FIGURE 33" captionStartId-0="70.[151,250,937,961]" captionStartId-1="70.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionStartId-2="71.[151,250,937,961]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1058,1791]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@70.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetId-1="figure-72@70.[151,1436,1058,1791]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@71.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetPageId-0="70" captionTargetPageId-1="70" captionTargetPageId-2="71" captionText-0="FIGURE 31: Map showing the known records for Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp., P. crassus Kirby, 1889 and P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). The imprecise locality „Guatemala“ for a specimen of P. perarmatus in the collection of MHNG is omitted." captionText-1="FIGURE 32: Map showing the known records for Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838) and P. speciosus n. sp.. The imprecise type-locality „Inner Brazil“ of P. eucnemis is omitted. The arrow points to the far-off record of a specimen from Río Mamoré, NEBolivia in the collection of NHMUK." captionText-2="FIGURE 33: Map showing the known records for Pterinoxylus spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319028" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319030" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319032" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7319028/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7319030/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7319032/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3133</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Central America, northern South America and Lesser Antilles (
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9922AFD1C4E93FC2" box="[1317,1432,1411,1437]" name="Dominica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dominica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9C90AFF5C0623F9E" box="[151,275,1447,1473]" name="Martinique" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Martinique</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D30AFF5C0CC3F9E" box="[311,445,1447,1473]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90AFBCC0853C72" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AFBCC0143C57" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,357,1518,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9C90AFBCC0143C57" bold="true" box="[151,357,1518,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Species included:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AC41C0853C72" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,500,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4AC41C0DE3C73" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[179,431,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocoense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4AC41C0DE3C73" box="[179,431,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus cocoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9DB2AC41C0853C72" bold="true" box="[437,500,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC132A1A9DB2AC41C0853C72" box="[437,500,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AC64C3E83C0E" box="[199,665,1590,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AC64C3E83C0E" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,665,1590,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AC64C0123C0F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1590,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D6DAC65C0953C0E" box="[362,484,1591,1617]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9DF4AC65C36C3C0E" box="[499,541,1591,1617]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isla</collectingCountry>
del Coco).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90AC09C3183C2A" box="[151,617,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AC09C3183C2A" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,617,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
2.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4AC09C3143C2A" authority="Kirby, 1889: 502" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1889" box="[179,613,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4AC09C0ED3C2B" box="[179,412,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DA4AC09C3143C2A" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[419,613,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889: 502</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AC2CC2BE3CC6" box="[199,975,1662,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AC2CC2BE3CC6" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,975,1662,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AC2CC0123CC7" bold="true" box="[199,355,1662,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
Lesser Antilles (
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9E27AC2DC3E23CC6" box="[544,659,1663,1689]" name="Dominica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dominica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9E99AC2DC26B3CC6" box="[670,794,1663,1689]" name="Martinique" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Martinique</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9F39AC2DC2B23CC6" box="[830,963,1663,1689]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90ACF1C3D73CBE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90ACF1C3C93CE2" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,696,1698,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
3.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4ACF1C3C53CE2" authority="Burmeister, 1838: 577" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="577" authorityYear="1838" box="[179,692,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4ACF1C0C13CE3" box="[179,432,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus eucnemis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DB0ACF1C3C53CE2" author="Burmeister, H." box="[439,692,1698,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="553 - 589" refId="ref42744" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, II. Berlin, pp. 553 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838: 577</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AC95C3D73CBE" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,678,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB631189EC132A1A9C90AC95C3D73CBE" box="[151,678,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
=
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B6EC132A1A9CA9AC95C3D33CBE" author="Serville, J. G." box="[174,674,1735,1761]" page="227" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1838">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CA9AC95C3D33CBE" ID-CoL="78LFX" authority="Serville, 1838: 227" authorityName="Serville. Although" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1838" box="[174,674,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difformipes">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CA9AC95C0B23CBE" box="[174,451,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus difformipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DCEAC95C3D33CBE" author="Serville, J. G." box="[457,674,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref44276" refString="Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 18, 776 pp." type="book" year="1838">Serville, 1838: 227</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0ACB8C25D3D5A" box="[199,812,1770,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0ACB8C25D3D5A" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,812,1770,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0ACB8C0123D5B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1770,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
NE
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D98ACB9C0953D5A" box="[415,484,1771,1797]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9DE8ACB9C3E43D5A" box="[495,661,1771,1797]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9EBEACB9C2593D5A" box="[697,808,1771,1797]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Suriname</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90AD5DC39E3D76" box="[151,751,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AD5DC39E3D76" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,751,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
4.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4AD5DC39B3D76" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 431" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="431" authorityYear="1908" box="[179,746,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4AD5DC0B83D77" box="[179,457,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus perarmatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DD7AD5DC39B3D76" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[464,746,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 431</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AD60C2013D12" box="[199,880,1842,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AD60C2013D12" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,880,1842,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AD60C0123D13" bold="true" box="[199,355,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D6DAD61C0973D12" box="[362,486,1843,1869]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9DF6AD61C3163D12" box="[497,615,1843,1869]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9E75AD61C39D3D12" box="[626,748,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9F17AD61C21D3D12" box="[784,876,1843,1869]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90AD04C0883D2E" box="[151,505,1878,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90AD04C0883D2E" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,505,1878,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
5.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4AD05C0C23D2F" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[179,435,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4AD05C0C23D2F" box="[179,435,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9DBDAD05C0883D2E" bold="true" box="[442,505,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC132A1A9DBDAD05C0883D2E" box="[442,505,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AD28C09A3DCA" box="[199,491,1914,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AD28C09A3DCA" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,491,1914,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AD28C0123DCB" bold="true" box="[199,355,1914,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D6DAD29C0993DCA" box="[362,488,1915,1941]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9C90ADCDC23F3DE6" box="[151,846,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9C90ADCDC23F3DE6" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[151,846,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
6.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC132A1A9CB4ADCDC3913DE6" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 428" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1908" box="[179,736,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CB4ADCDC0CF3DE6" box="[179,446,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pterinoxylus spinulosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC132A1A9DC2ADCDC3913DE6" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[453,736,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 428</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 20: 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC132A1A9CC0AD90C5193D82" box="[199,1128,1986,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC132A1A9CC0AD90C5193D82" blockId="6.[151,1128,1518,2013]" box="[199,1128,1986,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC132A1A9CC0AD90C0123D83" bold="true" box="[199,355,1986,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9D6DAD91C0C53D82" box="[362,436,1987,2013]" name="Belize" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9DB8AD91C34A3D82" box="[447,571,1987,2013]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9E40AD91C3B23D82" box="[583,707,1987,2013]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9EC8AD91C25A3D82" box="[719,811,1987,2013]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9F32AD91C2D23D82" box="[821,931,1987,2013]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
&amp; NW
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC132A1A9802AD91C5153D82" box="[1029,1124,1987,2013]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0C662FEC122A1B9C90AC25C3263D38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318964/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1655,1679]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1629]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC122A1B9C90AC25C3263D38" blockId="7.[151,1437,1655,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B9C90AC25C05F3CD0" bold="true" box="[151,302,1655,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 1:A.</emphasis>
Terminalia of ♀
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC122A1B9DD5AC25C2D73CD0" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[466,934,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B9DD5AC25C3BA3CD0" box="[466,715,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pterinoxylus perarmatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC122A1B9ED2AC25C2EE3CD0" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[725,927,1655,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in MIUP;
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B980CAC25C5523CD0" bold="true" box="[1035,1059,1655,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B.</emphasis>
Sensory areas of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC122A1B98CBAC25C0513CEC" authority="(Kirby, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B98CBAC25C4ED3CD0" box="[1228,1436,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC122A1B9C99ACC9C0683CEC" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[158,281,1691,1715]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
♂, ventral view of prothorax showing the three sensory areas typical for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC122A1B9FFBACC9C50D3CEC" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[1020,1148,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B9FFBACC9C50D3CEC" box="[1020,1148,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(encircled with white dotted ovals);
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B9CE4ACEDC18A3C88" bold="true" box="[227,251,1727,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.</emphasis>
Right sensory area at lateral margin of probasisternum (enlarged);
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC122A1B9FAFACEDC2B13C88" bold="true" box="[936,960,1727,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.</emphasis>
Large central sensory area of profurcasternum (enlarged). Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Cerv = cervix, Cx = procoxa, Ep = epiproct, Gap8 = gonapophysis 8, Gap9 = gonapophysis 9, Gon = gonangulum, Pa = paraproct, PrO = praeopercular organ, ProBa = probasisternum, ProSt = profurcasternum, S7 = abdominal sternum 7, Sg = subgenital plate, T7, T8, … = abdominal tergum 7, abdominal tergum 8 ..., T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90AAC5C1CA3AAD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AAC5C33A3AEE" blockId="8.[151,587,151,178]" box="[151,587,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149C90AAC5C33A3AEE" bold="true" box="[151,587,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Keys to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149DAFAAC5C3303AED" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[424,577,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149DAFAAC5C3303AED" bold="true" box="[424,577,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pterinoxylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AA8FC1CA3AAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" box="[151,187,221,242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1D2A149C90AA8FC1CA3AAD" box="[151,187,221,242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90AAA8C4ED395E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
<key id="FFE26196EC1D2A149C90AAA8C4ED395E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AAA8C4ED3B73" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AAA8C4ED3B50" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" box="[151,1436,249,271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AAA8C4ED3B50" box="[151,1436,249,271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1. Basal portion of subgenital plate convex and bulgy............................................................2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AB45C4ED3B73" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" box="[151,1436,279,301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AB45C4ED3B73" box="[151,1436,279,301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> Basal portion of subgenital plate flattened.................................................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AB66C4EC3B38" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AB66C4ED3B16" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" box="[151,1436,308,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AB66C4ED3B16" box="[151,1436,308,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2. Mesothorax slender and ± uniform in width; without spines.................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AB00C4EC3B38" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" box="[151,1437,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AB00C4EC3B38" box="[151,1437,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Mesothorax notably swollen medially and heavily spinose (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149F19AB03C2053B38" box="[798,884,337,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1187,1211]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,189,1163]" captionTargetId="figure-18@41.[157,1430,181,1163]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 16: Pterinoxylus speciosus n. sp. ♀♀. A. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 695860]; B. Apex of abdomen of HT in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 042809]; C. Apex of abdomen of HT in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 042809]; D. Apex of abdomen of HT in ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 042809]; E. Head, pro-, mesothorax and fore legs of PT in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 695860]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318994/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1D2A149F81AB00C29F3B38" box="[902,1006,337,359]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
......................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149903AB00C4113B38" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[1284,1376,338,359]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149903AB00C4113B38" box="[1284,1376,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149961AB00C4EC3B38" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,338,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149961AB00C4EC3B38" box="[1382,1437,338,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AB3DC4ED3B83" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AB3DC4EC3BFD" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AB3DC4EC3BFD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3. Vertex with a pair of prominent, blunt, carinate horns (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149EFDAB3DC21A3BDB" box="[762,875,367,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,187,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-26@34.[215,1372,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12: Pterinoxylus perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). A. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; C. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in dorsal view [MIUP]; E. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; F. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; H. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 084111]; I. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs aptive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; J. Head, pro, mesonotum of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in lateral view [MIUP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318986/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 12IJ</figureCitation>
); subgenital plate extending beyondcapex of abdomen by more than combined length of two terminal terga (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149EC1ABDEC2373BFE" box="[710,838,396,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,187,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-26@34.[215,1372,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12: Pterinoxylus perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). A. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; C. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in dorsal view [MIUP]; E. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; F. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; H. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 084111]; I. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs aptive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; J. Head, pro, mesonotum of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in lateral view [MIUP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318986/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 12CD</figureCitation>
); Central America..........................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149929ABDFC4EC3BFD" ID-CoL="6WLFW" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1326,1437,397,418]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149929ABDFC4EC3BFD" box="[1326,1437,397,418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">perarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90ABF8C4ED3B83" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90ABF8C4ED3B83" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Vertex multispinose (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149DBCABFBC3783BE0" box="[443,521,425,447]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
); subgenital plate extending beyond apex of abdomen by less than combined length of two terminal terga (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149D5CAB95C0BF3B82" box="[347,462,455,477]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 6AB</figureCitation>
); Lesser Antilles............................................................. ..
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149953AB95C4ED3B83" ID-CoL="6WLG9" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1364,1436,455,476]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149953AB95C4ED3B83" box="[1364,1436,455,476]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90ABB6C4EC380E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90ABB6C4ED3848" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90ABB6C4ED3848" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
4. Large insects (body length incl. subgenital plate&gt;
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1D2A149ECAABB6C27C3BA6" box="[717,781,484,505]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
); alae projecting considerably over posterior margin of median segment; carinae of protibiae strongly deflexed and lamellate......................................................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A84DC4EC380E" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A84DC4EC380E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Smaller insects (body length incl. subgenital plate &lt;
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1D2A149ED0A84DC267386B" box="[727,790,543,564]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
); alae hardly reaching to posterior margin of median segment (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A14996BA84DC051380E" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2: Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp. ♀♀. A. HT, dorsolateral view [MNCR-A]; B. PT, dorsolateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; C. PT, lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; D. PT, ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; E. Head, pro and mesonotum of PT in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; F. Apex of abdomen of HT in lateral view [MNCR-A]; G. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; H. Apex of abdomen of HT in dorsal view [MNCR-A]; I. Apex of abdomen of HT in ventral view [MNCR-A]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318966/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2AC</figureCitation>
); carinae of protibiae just weakly expanded (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149EC9A86EC26A380E" box="[718,795,572,594]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,192,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-26@12.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2: Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp. ♀♀. A. HT, dorsolateral view [MNCR-A]; B. PT, dorsolateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; C. PT, lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; D. PT, ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; E. Head, pro and mesonotum of PT in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; F. Apex of abdomen of HT in lateral view [MNCR-A]; G. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 575708]; H. Apex of abdomen of HT in dorsal view [MNCR-A]; I. Apex of abdomen of HT in ventral view [MNCR-A]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318966/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); Cocos Island.............................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A14990FA86FC411380D" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[1288,1376,573,594]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocoense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A14990FA86FC411380D" box="[1288,1376,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cocoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149961A86EC4EC380E" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,572,593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149961A86EC4EC380E" box="[1382,1437,572,593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90A80BC4ED395E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A80BC4ED38F5" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A80BC4ED38F5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
5. Subgenital plate with lateral margins strongly deflexed and arcuate over entire length of plate (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149859A80BC5DB3830" box="[1118,1194,601,623]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-205@27.[151,1436,597,1524]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9: Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in lateral view (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; B. Apex of abdomen of same ♀ as in figure A in dorsal view with an egg held in the ovipositor (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in ventral view [MNHN]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in lateral view [coll. OC]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in dorsal view [coll. OC]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in ventral view [coll. OC]; G. Right protibia of ♀ from French Guiana in exterolateral view, arrows indicate dorsal and apical direction [MNHN]; H. Ventral view of head, pro and mesothorax of ♂ from French Guiana, showing sensory areas [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318980/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); posteroventral carina of protibiae very strongly deflexed and unevenly undulate (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149F05A825C23E38D3" box="[770,847,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-205@27.[151,1436,597,1524]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9: Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in lateral view (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; B. Apex of abdomen of same ♀ as in figure A in dorsal view with an egg held in the ovipositor (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in ventral view [MNHN]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in lateral view [coll. OC]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in dorsal view [coll. OC]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in ventral view [coll. OC]; G. Right protibia of ♀ from French Guiana in exterolateral view, arrows indicate dorsal and apical direction [MNHN]; H. Ventral view of head, pro and mesothorax of ♂ from French Guiana, showing sensory areas [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318980/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
); mesotibiae with a distinct subbasal dorsal lobe; NESouth America.......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149944A8C7C4ED38F5" ID-CoL="78LG9" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1347,1436,661,682]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149944A8C7C4ED38F5" box="[1347,1436,661,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A8E0C4ED395E" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A8E0C4ED395E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149C90A8E0C1D23898" box="[151,163,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"></emphasis>
Subgenital plate with lateral margins narrowing and declining towards apex of plate (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149814A8E3C5113898" box="[1043,1120,689,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-205@27.[151,1436,597,1524]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9: Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in lateral view (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; B. Apex of abdomen of same ♀ as in figure A in dorsal view with an egg held in the ovipositor (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in ventral view [MNHN]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in lateral view [coll. OC]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in dorsal view [coll. OC]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in ventral view [coll. OC]; G. Right protibia of ♀ from French Guiana in exterolateral view, arrows indicate dorsal and apical direction [MNHN]; H. Ventral view of head, pro and mesothorax of ♂ from French Guiana, showing sensory areas [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318980/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); posteroventral carina of protibiae more even in outline and widening towards apex of tibia (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149F29A89DC2F638BB" box="[814,903,719,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,187,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[170,1416,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 19: Pterinoxylus spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908. A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reventazon, Costa Rica on dorsal view [ZMUH]; D. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [ZMUH]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Polochic River, Guatemala, in ventral view (Photo by Paul D. Brock) [USNM]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCRA, collection no. #74105]; H. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; I. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, in dorsolateral view [MNHN]; J. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; K. Left protibia of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in dorsal view, arrows indicate exterior and apical direction [coll. OC]; L. Right mid leg of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]; M. Right mid leg of ♂ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319000/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 19K</figureCitation>
); subbasal dorsalclobe of mesotibiae small to obsolete (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149CEEA8BEC031395E" box="[233,320,748,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,187,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[170,1416,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 19: Pterinoxylus spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908. A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reventazon, Costa Rica on dorsal view [ZMUH]; D. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [ZMUH]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Polochic River, Guatemala, in ventral view (Photo by Paul D. Brock) [USNM]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCRA, collection no. #74105]; H. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; I. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, in dorsolateral view [MNHN]; J. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; K. Left protibia of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in dorsal view, arrows indicate exterior and apical direction [coll. OC]; L. Right mid leg of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]; M. Right mid leg of ♂ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319000/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 19L</figureCitation>
); Central America &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1D2A149E09A8BEC31C395D" box="[526,621,748,770]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149930A8BEC4ED395E" ID-CoL="6WLG8" box="[1335,1436,748,769]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149930A8BEC4ED395E" box="[1335,1436,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90A907C1B03930" box="[151,193,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A907C1B03930" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,193,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1D2A149C90A907C1B03930" box="[151,193,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90A924C4ED3F79" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
<key id="FFE26196EC1D2A149C90A924C4ED3F79" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90A924C4EC399A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A924C4ED39D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,1436,885,907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A924C4ED39D4" box="[151,1436,885,907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1. Large insects (body length&gt;
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1D2A149DFDA924C35C39D4" box="[506,557,886,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
); vertex armed; legs dentate, lobulate and/or lamellate............................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A9C1C4EC399A" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A9C1C4EC399A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Small insects (body length &lt;
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1D2A149E03A9C1C34839F7" box="[516,569,915,936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
); vertex unarmed; all legs slender, simple and destitute of teeth, lobes or lamellae (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A14996BA9C1C06E399A" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1413,191,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[168,1420,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3: Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp. ♂ PT [MNCR-A, collection no. #107146] and egg. A. PT, dorsolateral view; B. PT, dorsal view; C. PT, ventral view; D. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view; E. Apex of abdomen of PT in dorsal view; F. Apex of abdomen of PT in ventral view; G. Egg in dorsolateral view, PT (operculum lacking)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318968/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3AC</figureCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1D2A149D37A9E2C0E83999" box="[304,409,944,966]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Cocos Island).............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A14990FA9E3C4113999" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[1288,1376,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocoense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A14990FA9E3C4113999" box="[1288,1376,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cocoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149961A9E2C4EC399A" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,944,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149961A9E2C4EC399A" box="[1382,1437,944,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90A99CC4EC3E5F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A99CC4ED39BC" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A99CC4ED39BC" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2. Vertex tuberculose, spinulose or multispinose...............................................................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90A9B9C4EC3E5F" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,1437,1003,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90A9B9C4EC3E5F" box="[151,1437,1003,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Vertex armed with a pair of large, laterally compressed and tuberculose lobes (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149FD3A9B9C55C3E5F" box="[980,1069,1003,1025]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,187,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-26@34.[215,1372,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12: Pterinoxylus perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). A. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; C. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in dorsal view [MIUP]; E. Apex of abdomen of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; F. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 08416]; H. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs of captive reared ♂ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 084111]; I. Head, pro, mesonotum and front legs aptive reared ♀ from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 08411]; J. Head, pro, mesonotum of ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama in lateral view [MIUP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318986/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12H</figureCitation>
); Central America......
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149929A9B9C4EC3E5F" ID-CoL="6WLFW" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1326,1437,1003,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149929A9B9C4EC3E5F" box="[1326,1437,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">perarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AE5AC4EC3E2A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AE5AC4ED3E64" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AE5AC4ED3E64" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3. Mesothorax&gt; 4x longer than pronotum, rugulose, tuberculose or spinose; no green stripe along costal margin of alae; femora brown and unicolourous.................................................................................4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AE11C4EC3E2A" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AE11C4EC3E2A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Mesothorax &lt;3.5x longer than pronotum, heavily armed with large, blunt spines (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149FF3AE11C53C3E06" box="[1012,1101,1091,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,360,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-102@40.[164,1423,345,1883]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 15: Pterinoxylus speciosus n. sp. ♂♂. A. PT, lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 011371]; B. Same specimen in dorsolateral view; C. Same specimen in ventral view; D. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view [MNCRA, collection no. 011371]; E. Apex of abdomen of PT in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 52571]; F. Apex of abdomen of PT in vental view [MNCR-A, collection no. 52571]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318992/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
); costal region of alae with a green longitudinal stripe in basal half; basal ¾ of femora green;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1D2A149F09AE32C2063E29" box="[782,887,1120,1142]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149903AE33C4113E29" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[1284,1376,1121,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149903AE33C4113E29" box="[1284,1376,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149961AE32C4EC3E2A" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1120,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149961AE32C4EC3E2A" box="[1382,1437,1120,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AE2CC4ED3E91" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AE2CC4ED3ECC" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AE2CC4ED3ECC" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4. Abdominal tergum VII parallelsided; protibiae with carinae just gently lamellate.................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AEC9C4ED3E91" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AEC9C4ED3E91" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Abdominal tergum VII with lateral margins deflexed and rounded in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149FFBAEC9C5183EEF" box="[1020,1129,1179,1201]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,605,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-205@27.[151,1436,597,1524]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9: Pterinoxylus eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in lateral view (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; B. Apex of abdomen of same ♀ as in figure A in dorsal view with an egg held in the ovipositor (Photo by Philippe Lelong) [coll. PL]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in ventral view [MNHN]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in lateral view [coll. OC]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from French Guiana in dorsal view [coll. OC]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from French Guiana in ventral view [coll. OC]; G. Right protibia of ♀ from French Guiana in exterolateral view, arrows indicate dorsal and apical direction [MNHN]; H. Ventral view of head, pro and mesothorax of ♂ from French Guiana, showing sensory areas [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318980/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 9EF</figureCitation>
); protibiae with carinae strongly deflexed, lamellate and notably expanded apically; NESouth America.....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149944AEEBC4ED3E91" ID-CoL="78LG9" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1347,1436,1209,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149944AEEBC4ED3E91" box="[1347,1436,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AE87C4ED3F79" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AE87C4ED3F57" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AE87C4ED3F57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
5. Mesonotum distinctly spinulose to spinose (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149E8AAE87C38C3EB4" box="[653,765,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10: Pterinoxylus perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). A. ♀ from Volcán Baru, Panama, dorsal view [coll. OC]; B. ♀ from Volcán Baru, Panama, lateral view [coll. OC]; C. ♀ from Reserva Forestal Tronosá, Panama, showing strongly developed cephalic and thoracic armature [MIUP]; D. HT, ♂ from Matagalpa, Nicaragua, dorsal view [MNHU]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318982/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 10IJ</figureCitation>
); meso and metatibiae with a broad, dentate dorsal apical lobe (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149972AE87C0633F57" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,187,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[170,1416,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 19: Pterinoxylus spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908. A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; B. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. 598337]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Reventazon, Costa Rica on dorsal view [ZMUH]; D. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [ZMUH]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Polochic River, Guatemala, in ventral view (Photo by Paul D. Brock) [USNM]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in lateral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; G. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in dorsal view [MNCRA, collection no. #74105]; H. Apex of abdomen of same specimen in ventral view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; I. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, in dorsolateral view [MNHN]; J. Head, pro- and mesonotum of ♂ from M.N. Guayabo, Costa Rica, in dorsal view [MNCR-A, collection no. #74105]; K. Left protibia of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in dorsal view, arrows indicate exterior and apical direction [coll. OC]; L. Right mid leg of ♀ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]; M. Right mid leg of ♂ from Greenhills, Belize in anterolateral view [coll. OC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319000/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 19M</figureCitation>
); Central America &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1D2A149DE7AEA1C3323F56" box="[480,579,1267,1289]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149930AEA1C4ED3F57" ID-CoL="6WLG8" box="[1335,1436,1267,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149930AEA1C4ED3F57" box="[1335,1436,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AF43C4ED3F79" blockId="8.[151,1437,853,1318]" box="[151,1436,1296,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AF43C4ED3F79" box="[151,1436,1296,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Mesonotum ± tuberculose (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149DEEAF42C3463F79" box="[489,567,1296,1318]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058822]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 058821]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 058826]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
); no apical lobe on meso and metatibiae; Lesser Antilles....................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149953AF43C4ED3F79" ID-CoL="6WLG9" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1364,1436,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149953AF43C4ED3F79" box="[1364,1436,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90AF3AC1A23F22" box="[151,211,1384,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AF3AC1A23F22" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,211,1384,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eggs*</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90AFD4C4ED3C37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
<key id="FFE26196EC1D2A149C90AFD4C4ED3C37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AFD4C4EC3FE7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AFD4C4ED3FC4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1413,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AFD4C4ED3FC4" box="[151,1436,1413,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1. Capsule tubelike and ± round in crosssection............................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AFF1C4EC3FE7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1437,1443,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AFF1C4EC3FE7" box="[151,1437,1443,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Capsule compressed laterally with dorsal surface strongly raised and tectiform longitudinally (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A14986BAFF1C5953FE7" box="[1132,1252,1443,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 22EF</figureCitation>
).....
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149929AFF1C4EC3FE7" ID-CoL="6WLFW" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1326,1437,1443,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149929AFF1C4EC3FE7" box="[1326,1437,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">perarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AF92C4EC3FAC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AF92C4ED3F8A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1472,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AF92C4ED3F8A" box="[151,1436,1472,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2. Capsule surface punctured and with ± distinctly raised ridges.................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AF8CC4EC3FAC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1437,1501,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AF8CC4EC3FAC" box="[151,1437,1501,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Capsule surface densely rugulose/tuberculose; polar extension shorter than micropylar plate (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A149866AF8FC5DD3FAC" box="[1121,1196,1501,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1413,191,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[168,1420,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3: Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp. ♂ PT [MNCR-A, collection no. #107146] and egg. A. PT, dorsolateral view; B. PT, dorsal view; C. PT, ventral view; D. Apex of abdomen of PT in lateral view; E. Apex of abdomen of PT in dorsal view; F. Apex of abdomen of PT in ventral view; G. Egg in dorsolateral view, PT (operculum lacking)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318968/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).......
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A14990FAF8CC4113FAC" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[1288,1376,1502,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocoense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A14990FAF8CC4113FAC" box="[1288,1376,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cocoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149961AF8CC4EC3FAC" bold="true" box="[1382,1437,1502,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149961AF8CC4EC3FAC" box="[1382,1437,1502,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AFA9C4ED3C4F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1531,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AFA9C4ED3C4F" box="[151,1436,1531,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AFA9C4ED3C4F" box="[151,1436,1531,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3. Ridges of capsule shallow; polar and opercular extensions close................................................ 4</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30872E02EC1D2A149C90AC4AC4ED3C37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AC4AC4ED3C71" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1560,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AC4AC4ED3C71" box="[151,1436,1560,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
4. Ridges of capsule very prominently raised; polar and opercular extensions open and netlike (
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1D2A14986FAC4AC5983C72" box="[1128,1257,1560,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 22AB</figureCitation>
).........
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149953AC4BC4ED3C71" ID-CoL="6WLG9" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1364,1436,1561,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149953AC4BC4ED3C71" box="[1364,1436,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AC64C4ED3C14" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1589,1611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AC64C4ED3C14" box="[151,1436,1589,1611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
4. Capsule with a posterior constriction before polar extension.............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149944AC64C4ED3C14" ID-CoL="78LG9" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[1347,1436,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149944AC64C4ED3C14" box="[1347,1436,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eucnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AC01C4ED3C37" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,1436,1619,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="30829592EC1D2A149C90AC01C4ED3C37" box="[151,1436,1619,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Capsule without a distinct posterior constriction.................................................... ...
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149930AC01C4ED3C37" ID-CoL="6WLG8" box="[1335,1436,1619,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149930AC01C4ED3C37" box="[1335,1436,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1D2A149C90AC22C3493CD9" box="[151,568,1648,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1D2A149C90AC22C3493CD9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1384,1670]" box="[151,568,1648,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
* Eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1D2A149CFEAC23C01C3CD9" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida, 2022" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle &amp; Valero &amp; Nishida" authorityYear="2022" box="[249,365,1649,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149CFEAC23C01C3CD9" box="[249,365,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1D2A149D74AC22C0D83CDA" bold="true" box="[371,425,1648,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457CEEC1D2A149D74AC22C0D83CDA" box="[371,425,1648,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are not known
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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