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<document id="9566A4D84C50F43461FFD0E8A345B864" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFE3FFCB76CC69AE45C3FE19" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calyptrophora pourtalesi Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DDF2381E06F797183D2B4B999A671042">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3987849C10EDB73FDC918F35DE022AE3">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8E7094ED9F7BFA4EB6A5294A81C48839">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="3B54EE0E0151DCAE66DCFB74700740D7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFE3FFCB76CC69AE45C3FE19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951509" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE3FFCB76CC69AE45C3FE19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFE3FFCB76CC69AE45C3FE19" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC976CC69AE452AFC59" box="[151,536,945,972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC976CC69AE452AFC59" blockId="13.[151,536,945,1007]" box="[151,536,945,972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFE3FFC976CC69AE452AFC59" bold="true" box="[151,536,945,972]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC976CC69AE452AFC59" bold="true" box="[151,536,945,972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC976CC69AE46FAFC5E" ID-CoL="Q7V7" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,456,945,972]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC976CC69AE46FAFC5E" bold="true" box="[151,456,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calyptrophora pourtalesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE3FFC9778D69AE452AFC59" box="[470,536,945,971]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC976CC69CA4672FC7D" box="[151,320,981,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC976CC69CA4672FC7D" blockId="13.[151,536,945,1007]" box="[151,320,981,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC976CC69CA47C1FC7D" box="[151,243,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC976A469CA463EFC7D" box="[255,268,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</figureCitation>
A–L
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC976CC6E02463CFBED" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC976CC6E02463CFBED" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC976CC6E02462AFBA5" bold="true" box="[151,280,1053,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named in honor of Count Louis François Pourtalès (
<date id="FFA783A9FFE3FFC975206E0244CCFBA5" box="[891,1022,1053,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1824" valueMax="1880">1824–1880</date>
), early contributor to our knowledge of deep-sea Scleractinia, Stylasteridae, and Octocorallia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE3FFC9757B6E5E448CFBC9" author="Agassiz, A." box="[800,958,1088,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="78 - 89" refId="ref26590" refString="Agassiz, A. (1905) Biographical memoir of Louis Francois Pourtales. National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs, 5, 78 - 89." type="journal article" year="1905">Agassiz 1905</bibRefCitation>
), and author of the closely related species
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC976CC6E7A4635FBED" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,263,1125,1151]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trilepis">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC976CC6E7A4635FBED" box="[151,263,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. trilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC9769C6E9646CEFB79" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6E964389FB55" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9769C6E9646DDFB31" bold="true" box="[199,495,1160,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type and Type Locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE3FFC974596E964389FB55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759054" collectingDate="2017-03-16" collectingDateMax="2508" collectingDateMin="2017-03-16" collectionCode="SEM" country="Baker Island, Phoenix Islands" elevation="437" location="Baker Island, Phoenix Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="USNM 1453726" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE3FFC974596E96455DFB31" box="[514,623,1161,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: colony and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFE3FFC975506E964477FB31" box="[779,837,1161,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE3FFC975CD6E974320FB31" box="[918,1042,1160,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2505" valueMax="2508">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE3FFC975CD6E974320FB31" box="[918,1042,1160,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2505" valueMax="2508">2505-2508</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE3FFC972796E9643D7FB31" box="[1058,1253,1160,1187]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM 1453726</specimenCode>
. Type Locality:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC976CC6EB1478BFB55" box="[151,185,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EX</emphasis>
<date id="FFA783A9FFE3FFC976E26EB24602FB55" box="[185,304,1197,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1703-01-08">1703-8-01</date>
, 0.210˚N, 176.48˚W (off
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE3FFC974156EB24492FB5A" box="[590,928,1197,1224]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Baker Island, Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFE3FFC975EF6EB244CFFB55" box="[948,1021,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="437.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC975EF6EB244CFFB55" box="[948,1021,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="437.0">437 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE3FFC972526EB2438AFB55" box="[1033,1208,1197,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-03-16">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE3FFC972526EB2438AFB55" box="[1033,1208,1197,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-03-16">16 March 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6ECF46CEFB79" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" box="[199,508,1232,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9769C6ECF469DFB79" bold="true" box="[199,431,1232,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE3FFC977E66ECE46CAFB79" box="[445,504,1233,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFCB769C6EEB437EFEF5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6EEB466FFA0D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9769C6EEB4663FA9D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1268,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE3FFC977CA6EEA46C1FA9D" box="[401,499,1269,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC974586EEA4566FA9D" box="[515,596,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) now consists of two branch fragments, each about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC972C06EEA43D2FA9D" box="[1179,1248,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
in height, which display equal, dichotomous branching, the distance between each bifurcation about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC972016F064386FAA1" box="[1114,1204,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
. Polyps are directed upward (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC976A06F22460FFAC5" box="[251,317,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B–C) and are arranged in whorls of four or five (seven or more on larger-diameter branches), 4–4.5 whorls occurring per cm branch length; the whorl diameter is about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC975C06F7F44C7FAE9" box="[923,1013,1376,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
. Individual polyps are 2.0–
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC973726F7E424DFAE9" box="[1321,1407,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
in horizontal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6FB64528F92D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The fused basal scale (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9779B6FB64573FA51" box="[448,577,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 7D, G</figureCitation>
) is
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC974336FB645DFFA51" box="[616,749,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 mm</quantity>
in height, projecting only slightly (
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC9722B6FB64226FA51" box="[1136,1300,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.10 mm</quantity>
) beyond the articular ridge as a thin shelf (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC977B16FD24577FA75" box="[490,581,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
), but not expressed as a spine or tooth. The articulating ridge is distinct and because of the short basal shelf, can be seen even from the outer surface of a bent polyp (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9722D6FEE43F9F999" box="[1142,1227,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). The fused buccal scale (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC976BB6C0A460BF9BD" box="[224,313,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) is larger (
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC977ED6C0A450DF9BD" box="[438,575,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
in length), having a rounded, finely serrate distal edge, the serrations being equilateral triangles about 8 µm in height (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9742E6C2645FDF9C1" box="[629,719,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
); there is essentially no cowl. The outer surface of both
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE3FFC973186C26424CF9C1" box="[1347,1406,1593,1619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
of body wall scales is uniformly covered with low granules. There is one pair of prominent, crescent-shaped infrabasal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC976B26C9E4653F909" box="[233,353,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 7C, I</figureCitation>
), which may be up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC9740C6C9E459EF909" box="[599,684,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC975126C9F449FF909" box="[841,941,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
in maximum height; often each bears one or more vertical radiating low ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6CD64388F8E1" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The operculum is quite low (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9744F6CD64554F971" box="[532,614,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
), almost flat in the contracted condition, the opercular scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9736B6CD642A6F971" box="[1328,1428,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 7K</figureCitation>
) being relatively similar in shape and size; they have a concave outer surface and a keeled inner surface. The adaxial operculars are symmetrical,
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC977896D0E4546F8B9" box="[466,628,1809,1835]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.049999999999999" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.8049999999999999" valueMax="0.89" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.89 mm</quantity>
in length, and have an L:W of 1.25–1.40; the lateral, slightly asymmetrical operculars are
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC977326D2B453CF8DD" box="[361,526,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.80 mm</quantity>
in length, with an L:W of 1.15–1.30; and the adaxial operculars are also asymmetrical,
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC9775A6D474696F8E1" box="[257,420,1880,1907]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.60 mm</quantity>
in length, with a very broad base resulting in a low L:W of 0.85–1.00.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6D624597F829" blockId="13.[151,1437,1053,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The coenenchymal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC977AF6D62457BF805" box="[500,585,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[174,1414,170,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Calyptrophora pourtalesi, holotype: A, stereo opercular view of two polyps. B–C, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale. E, basal scale. F, articulation of basal to buccal scale. G, distal margin of a basal scale. H, distal edge of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scales. J, polyp operculum. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
) are elongate (L:W = 3.5–7.5), slightly irregular in shape, flat, and bear low granules (no ridging) like the body wall scales.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFE0FFCA76CC6D0E451DF804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614979/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1809,1834]" targetBox="[174,1414,170,1757]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE0FFCA76CC6D0E451DF804" blockId="14.[151,1437,1809,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA76CC6D0E4627F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1809,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE0FFCA77456D0D4511F8B8" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[286,547,1810,1834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA77456D0D4511F8B8" box="[286,547,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Calyptrophora pourtalesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA74C16D0E459EF8B8" bold="true" box="[666,684,1809,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
, stereo opercular view of two polyps.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA721A6D0E4343F8B8" bold="true" box="[1089,1137,1809,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B–C</emphasis>
, stereo views of abaxial and lateral sides of a polyp.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA77D56D294692F8DC" bold="true" box="[398,416,1846,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
, stereo view of inner side of buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA750C6D29445AF8DC" bold="true" box="[855,872,1846,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
, basal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA75AA6D294337F8DC" bold="true" box="[1009,1029,1846,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F,</emphasis>
articulation of basal to buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA73D96D2A42A4F8DC" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1845,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
, distal margin of a basal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA77906D4546EDF8E0" bold="true" box="[459,479,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
, distal edge of a buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA754D6D454412F8E0" bold="true" box="[790,800,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
, infrabasal scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA75BA6D4544DCF8E0" bold="true" box="[993,1006,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
, polyp operculum.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA72EF6D4543FAF8E0" bold="true" box="[1204,1224,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">K</emphasis>
, opercular scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE0FFCA73DE6D4542A4F8E0" bold="true" box="[1413,1430,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6A87437EFEF5" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C6A874654FF21" bold="true" box="[199,358,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparisons</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB772F6A8645A1FF21" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[372,659,153,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB772F6A8645A1FF21" box="[372,659,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calyptrophora pourtalesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB753B6A8544F0FF21" authorityName=": Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[864,962,154,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB753B6A8544F0FF21" box="[864,962,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, is remarkably similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB76CC6AA246E6FF4A" authority="(Pourtales, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,468,189,216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trilepis">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6AA2463AFF45" box="[151,264,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. trilepis</emphasis>
(Pourtalès, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
, a species known only from the tropical western Atlantic from
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB72C66AA3422CFF45" box="[1181,1310,188,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" metricValueMax="9.11" metricValueMin="5.93" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="752.0" valueMax="911.0" valueMin="593.0">593–911 m</quantity>
, and might even be considered as a sister species.
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB74106AFE4589FF69" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[587,699,225,251]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trilepis">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB74106AFE4589FF69" box="[587,699,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. trilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs only in having smaller polyps (
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB72296AFE43C9FF69" box="[1138,1275,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 mm</quantity>
in length, and thus a smaller whorl diameter) and fewer polyps per whorl (2–4). Although redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE1FFCB72C86B1A421BFE8D" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1171,1321,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref26986" refString="Bayer, F. M. (2001) New species of Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (2), 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="2001">Bayer (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, both species are known from very few specimens and thus comparisons are tentative. Within the Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB72EC6B36427AFED1" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1207,1352,297,323]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB72EC6B36427AFED1" box="[1207,1352,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. pourtalesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB77526B524520FEF5" authority="Gray, 1866" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[265,530,333,359]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB77526B5246B9FEF5" box="[265,395,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE1FFCB77C96B524520FEF5" author="Gray, J. E." box="[402,530,333,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="24 - 27" refId="ref28394" refString="Gray, J. E. (1866) Description of two new forms of gorgonioid corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1866, 24 - 27." type="journal article" year="1866">Gray, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but that species has a biplanar, bipectinate colony.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB769C6B6F45C3FE19" box="[199,753,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6B6F45C3FE19" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,395]" box="[199,753,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C6B6F466BFE19" bold="true" box="[199,345,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB743B6B6E45A2FE19" box="[608,656,369,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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