239 lines
33 KiB
XML
239 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="2CC5224B77350D77BF9BB773C61C611C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24460F8DD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calyptrophora distolos Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7747BBD30D90DFC9E6EC7CA98F1DD59A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="20B21B435788B0F40EA7E78363AD2786">
|
||
<mods:title id="C1EA7AAD047E2A6F3A37D23523BB707B">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A0B8B4618712E205632A20D48397E5ED" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AB7E785B35ECDDE4F2DD4725CCB7FAE8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B1273DC0A0C2AD0FAA9D55A3293E03F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0F83704898F65BDB6CFAE9B5731E2E20">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6D76B3B85A2710712A5D1B6300EE21CF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="99A779CD9483E783AA25C8FE53D4FB51" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5192913BD7C6BDAB08E26F8FDB135A29">
|
||
<mods:title id="8832C69F0334EE178B6214FC3B1E2932">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BEA42A8EEBF0B38DD5AFA72FA74869A8">
|
||
<mods:date id="246D12186077C4E3AC4399C4E670BB52">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8053716D0D3DFA6424ED79F58C36946E" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="55F1C2738B9C45DC9449A6D4C9A11C36">2018-12-17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="576B438F11920B2D93C25A06F94962F8" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F5F3FCDACE0DF3B13370B38EB4614338">4532</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CF06A48EFAB9AACDCA5B8962CF398F42" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C7852D67118F8E6BDEEF51D115134F29">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="E12284386197425050A59DF4FC68BB26" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="39BFC40273A2418243313FBBD5F04EB7">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2FABF23A4CECFD234ABE65432A11C90C">43</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="58EC2720A2E7D485FFFFA98D11832F98">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D6FBE03B80A9365A721E58C7574EEFD1" type="CLB-Dataset">27764</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="939F1D71B3AA873DE3DDECB21B770D79" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1ECFD35092E2FDFBE06613E57EF1E2FA" type="GBIF-Dataset">b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="38C32F6758708258FB9D6CEE9ABA59AF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8EAB25DD5348BF4280F77C8FA52EA826" type="Zenodo-Dep">2614967</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D39BC1A2ABA60595EB274CA9B1F494B0" type="ZooBank">4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B0147FFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24460F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951511" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24460F8DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24460F8DD" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB76CC6BC246C9FE65" box="[151,507,477,504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB76CC6BC246C9FE65" blockId="15.[151,507,477,539]" box="[151,507,477,504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="D0EE1205FFE1FFCB76CC6BC246C9FE65" bold="true" box="[151,507,477,504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6BC246C9FE65" bold="true" box="[151,507,477,504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24683FE6A" bold="true" box="[151,433,477,504]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24699FE6A" ID-CoL="6999F" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,427,477,504]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distolos" status="sp. nov.">Calyptrophora distolos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE1FFCB77E36BC246C9FE65" box="[440,507,477,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB76CC681E4678FD89" box="[151,330,513,539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB76CC681E4678FD89" blockId="15.[151,507,477,539]" box="[151,330,513,539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB76CC681E47CBFD89" box="[151,249,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB775D681E4620FD89" box="[262,274,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</figureCitation>
|
||
A–H
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB76CC6856430EFD5D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB76CC685643E0FDF1" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" box="[151,1234,585,612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6856462AFDF1" bold="true" box="[151,280,585,611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB7725685646E7FDF1" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[382,469,585,611]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distolos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB7725685646E7FDF1" box="[382,469,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">distolos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Greek for “in pairs”), in allusion to the paired nature of the polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6872430EFD5D" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C687246DBFD15" bold="true" box="[199,489,620,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Types and Type Locality</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE1FFCB77AC6872422CFD15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759020" box="[503,1310,620,647]" collectingDate="2398" collectingDateMax="2399" collectingDateMin="2398" collectionCode="SEM" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="USNM 1424085" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB77AC68724556FD15" box="[503,612,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: colony fragment and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFE1FFCB7501687244A6FD15" box="[858,916,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stubs
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE1FFCB758168724365FD15" box="[986,1111,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2398" valueMax="2399">
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE1FFCB758168724365FD15" box="[986,1111,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2398" valueMax="2399">2398-2399</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE1FFCB723A6872422CFD15" box="[1121,1310,620,647]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM 1424085</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE1FFCB737368724468FD39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759014" country="American Samoa" elevation="2994" location="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB7373687242ABFD15" box="[1320,1433,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC688D478BFD39" box="[151,185,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">EX</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE1FFCB76E2688E460CFD39" box="[185,318,657,683]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1702-02-11">1702-11-02</date>
|
||
, 15.73˚S, 167.26˚W (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE1FFCB7470688E45C3FD39" box="[555,753,657,683]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0034425AFFE1FFCB755F688E4468FD39" box="[772,858,657,683]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9939999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2994.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB755F688E4468FD39" box="[772,858,657,683]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9939999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2994.0">2994 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE1FFCB753E688E430AFD5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759017" collectingDate="2003-04-01" collectionCode="USNM" country="Guam" elevation="3737" location="Enigma Seamount" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="USNM 1453657" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
branch fragments,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE1FFCB726F688E43C3FD39" box="[1076,1265,656,683]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM 1453657</specimenCode>
|
||
. Type Locality:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC68A9478BFD5D" box="[151,185,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">EX</emphasis>
|
||
1605-L
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE1FFCB774968AB466BFD5D" box="[274,345,692,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-04-01">
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE1FFCB774968AB466BFD5D" box="[274,345,692,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-04-01">1-4-03</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 11.41˚N, 144.78˚E (
|
||
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFE1FFCB741F68AA4425FD5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE1FFCB76CC6BC24460F8DD:8EC6F3B2FFE1FFCB741F68AA4425FD5D" box="[580,791,693,719]" country="Guam" name="Enigma Seamount" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Enigma Seamount</location>
|
||
, south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE1FFCB75DF68AA44FFFD5D" box="[900,973,693,719]" name="Guam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0034425AFFE1FFCB75BB68AA430AFD5D" box="[992,1080,693,719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7369999999999997" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3737.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB75BB68AA430AFD5D" box="[992,1080,693,719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7369999999999997" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3737.0">3737 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB769C68C74535FD61" box="[199,519,728,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C68C74535FD61" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" box="[199,519,728,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C68C7469DFD61" bold="true" box="[199,431,728,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB77E668C64531FD61" box="[445,515,729,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB769C68E346F2F8B9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C68E3464EFC7D" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C68E34663FC85" bold="true" box="[199,337,764,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB77CE68E246C5FC85" box="[405,503,765,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is flagelliform (unbranched), about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB75CD68E244EFFC85" box="[918,989,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, although only the distal half was collected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB7765693E46A5FCA9" box="[318,407,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB7785693E450CFCA9" box="[478,574,801,827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is extremely sparsely branched. When alive the polyps project perpendicular to the branch and when dead they fold in a 90˚ angle (i.e., buccal scales parallel to the branch), typical of the genus, but because the entire colony was not collected, the direction that the polyps face was indeterminate. The polyps are arranged in widely spaced (about 2 per cm) pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB74AE6992447FFC35" box="[757,845,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
), not arranged in whorls, approximately 40 pairs occurring on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE1FFCB776069AE4693FC59" box="[315,417,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Individual polyps are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB74C469AE4414FC59" box="[671,806,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in horizontal length, the opercular scales adding significantly to this length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C69E64488FB31" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The basal scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB77D969E646E5FB81" box="[386,471,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB745B69E745BAFB81" box="[512,648,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, usually including a short (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB723069E643F3FB81" box="[1131,1217,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall) inconspicuous blunt lobe on either side of the straight articular ridge. The basal scale usually bears a dorsolateral ridge as well as several more ridges on its lateral face (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB74186E5E45AEFBC9" box="[579,668,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
), but sometimes these ridges are inconspicuous or lacking altogether. The buccal scale is slightly longer (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB74746E7A458BFBED" box="[559,697,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) and usually bears a similar longitudinal ridging (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB733F6E7A4796FB31" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); its distal edge is finely serrate. No infrabasal scales were noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6EB243BCFA0D" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The operculum is quite long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB74456EB2455FFB55" box="[542,621,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B), in fact longer than either of the body wall scales. The opercular scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB76B06ECE4676FB79" box="[235,324,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are all rather similar in shape (elongate and triangular with a high L:W ratio). The abaxial operculars are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB77096EEA4698FA9D" box="[338,426,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length with an L:W of 2.5–3.0, and sometimes bear a low longitudinal ridge on their outer surface. The lateral operculars are 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB74D16F0745DFFAA1" box="[650,749,1304,1331]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with an L:W of 2.5–3.1, and often terminate in two tips. The small adaxial operculars are 0.9–1.0 mm in length with an L:W of 2.8–3.3. In addition to the typical eight opercular scales, there are sometimes additional smaller accessory scales at the base of some of the opercular scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB76FB6F9A47C6FA0D" box="[160,244,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), these being circular to elliptical,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB74236F9B4429FA0D" box="[632,795,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and highly concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6FB646EAF999" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The coenenchymal scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE1FFCB77AE6FB6457EFA51" box="[501,588,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1391,185,1772]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calyptrophora distolos, holotype: A–B, lateral stereo views of paired polyps. C, stereo view of ridged buccal scale. D, stereo view of inner face of a buccal scale. E, two views of a basal scale. F, an accessory buccal scale. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614981/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are quite long and narrow, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB75926FB64339FA51" box="[969,1035,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and with an L:W ranging from 4.4–9.0. Each coenenchymal scale bears a single, tall (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB75216FD244E0FA75" box="[890,978,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, thus a sail scale) ridge, which meanders down the center of the scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6C0B46F2F8B9" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C6C0B4654F9BD" bold="true" box="[199,358,1556,1583]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB77286C0A4547F9BD" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[371,629,1557,1583]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distolos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB77286C0A4547F9BD" box="[371,629,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calyptrophora distolos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique among the 27 species in the genus in having paired polyps (not arranged in whorls of three or more) and in having auxiliary opercular scales. It is one of four species having a predominantly unbranched mode of growth, the other three being:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB75076C41437BF9E5" authority="Bayer, 1952" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1952" box="[860,1097,1628,1655]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB75076C41448AF9E5" box="[860,952,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE1FFCB75E56C42437BF9E5" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[958,1097,1628,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="126 - 136" refId="ref26758" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1952) Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian Octocorals collected by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross. " (1. Alcyonacea, Stolonifera, and Telestacea). Pacific Science, 6 (2), 126 - 136." type="journal article" year="1952">Bayer, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB720E6C42425BF9E5" authority="Cairns, 2007 a" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2007" box="[1109,1385,1629,1655]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB720E6C4243F1F9E5" box="[1109,1219,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. clinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE1FFCB72916C42425BF9E5" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1226,1385,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref27198" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2007 a) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae). Part 8. New records of Primnoidae from the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120 (3), 243 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2007) 120 [243: SOWAOG] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns, 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB76CC6C9E46EBF909" authority="Cairns, 2016 a" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,473,1665,1691]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6C9E460AF909" box="[151,312,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE1FFCB77656C9E46EBF909" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[318,473,1665,1691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="141 - 150" refId="ref27539" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2016 a) New abyssal Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, equatorial northeastern Pacific. Marine Biodiversity, 46, 141 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0340 - x" type="journal article" year="2016">Cairns, 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB75356C9E433EF909" box="[878,1036,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1835" metricValueMax="4.244" metricValueMin="4.123" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="4183.5" valueMax="4244.0" valueMin="4123.0">4123–4244 m</quantity>
|
||
). It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB72A06C9E42AEF909" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2016" box="[1275,1436,1665,1691]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB72A06C9E42AEF909" box="[1275,1436,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in morphology, geography and depth range, but that species differs in having whorls of three or four smaller polyps, basals with two prominent pointed distal spines, lobate buccal scales, and in lacking accessory opercular scales. Because the orientation of the polyps is indeterminate, the species cannot at this time be assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB737C6CF2424CF895" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1319,1406,1773,1799]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB737C6CF2424CF895" box="[1319,1406,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">wyvillei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE1FFCB76CC6D0D47CBF8B9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,249,1810,1835]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB76CC6D0D47CBF8B9" box="[151,249,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE1FFCB769C6D2B4460F8DD" box="[199,850,1844,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE1FFCB769C6D2B4460F8DD" blockId="15.[151,1437,585,1871]" box="[199,850,1844,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE1FFCB769C6D2B466BF8DD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1844,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE1FFCB773D6D2A4515F8DD" box="[358,551,1845,1871]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE1FFCB74056D2A4597F8DD" box="[606,677,1845,1871]" name="Guam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE1FFCB74EB6D2A447CF8DD" box="[688,846,1845,1871]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3655" metricValueMax="3.7369999999999997" metricValueMin="2.9939999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3365.5" valueMax="3737.0" valueMin="2994.0">2994–3737 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |