312 lines
41 KiB
XML
312 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="70B6B2755615099E55349071CD19D9E9" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n3a3" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381380" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630292643081" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Geraads, Denis, Spassov, Nikolaï, Hristova, Latinka, Markov, Georgi N. & Tzankov, Tzanko" docDate="2011" docId="0387BB49FFB33D15FD75CA61FC67F918" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2011.33.3.451-484.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n3a3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cremohipparion mediterraneum" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="FFBEC331FFB83D18FF8ACF6DFF9CFFBC" masterDocTitle="Upper Miocene mammals from Strumyani, South-Western Bulgaria" masterLastPageNumber="484" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="462" updateTime="1699217341029" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="393AF7226DF74E613A14635E283455E0">
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<mods:title id="E83991A00206B1F25BDAB5F41095CCEE">Upper Miocene mammals from Strumyani, South-Western Bulgaria</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A9532A3E2FD9148383377E9432E2B9C6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1E64A32D27341D73C7F8A575318E83D1">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26930BFCBEE073A426B6678A780A9025">Spassov, Nikolaï</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E57142C11D80246E590CB3E5151AA878">Hristova, Latinka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E57659B3DCD4283B52033B002BB78517" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A7748D18672A1F442D4C6F7A7E822793">Markov, Georgi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2DB9B86E9C54F395A54D32A4A5E6830D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="468E2BBC4CE0E7A5E67629D076A5A71B">Tzankov, Tzanko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B4EE87B336D8129B7898AB56516D9338">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C873BB36C69B18EDCA7895CD235632D0">
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<mods:date id="59637BAFFD24B4D21472F4E8F91C226A">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6CB6E0855BC4AD43FA2414B2F6363732">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23701D089DA799FF55475D1EF723D662">33</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="44B6FB6845220C47CA4D0F131EB6C312">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6B7785B97D0A47C5CC950D654C787D69">451</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7001CEA9C64D1720108EAE366DAB34D0">484</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="DE1B91314E71A3EDB9859E8680C1C4F0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE0E2605DAED14EDD4C0FEFF3934D518" type="DOI">10.5252/g2011n3a3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F674AEF3DCA8BFC18189F462203BB55" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="05C35ABDD2FBFF5CBB45824A47103AE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5381380</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0387BB49FFB33D15FD75CA61FC67F918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387BB49FFB33D15FD75CA61FC67F918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387BB49FFB33D15FD75CA61FC67F918" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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<subSubSection id="C33459D4FFB33D14FD75CA61FB9FFAF4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB33D13FD75CA61FBADFAF4" blockId="11.[767,1119,1292,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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<heading id="D0D9BD33FFB33D13FD75CA61FBADFAF4" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB33D13FD75CA61FBADFAF4" authority="(Roth & Wagner, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB33D13FD75CA61FBC3FA9B" bold="true" box="[767,1119,1292,1319]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Cremohipparion mediterraneum</emphasis>
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(Roth & Wagner, 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB33D14FD2FCA01FB9FFAF4" blockId="11.[675,1212,1388,1700]" lastBlockId="12.[674,1212,1261,1700]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
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We refer to this species: a skull, FM-2028, that belongs to an adult animal with the protocon of P2 almost connected to the protoloph (
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<figureCitation id="131516DAFFB33D13FBD0CAC6FB32FA7A" box="[1114,1198,1451,1478]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1122,1139]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-262@12.[113,1209,214,1084]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Fossil mammals from the Miocene of Strumyani (SW Bulgaria): A, Hippotherium cf. brachypus (Hensel, 1862), lateral view of skull FM-2326; B, Cremohipparion mediterraneum (Roth & Wagner, 1855), lateral view of skull FM-2028;C, Hipparion dietrichi (Wehrli, 1941), lateral view of skull FM-2029. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381390/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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), and a partial skull, FM-2325, with unerupted M3. The nasal notch ends above the anterior part of P2, the facial crest ends above the posterior end of P4 (FM-2325) or the first half of M1 (FM-2028). The choanae reach the posterior half of M2. The preorbital bar is short (
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<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB33D13FC10C904FC77F938" box="[922,1003,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
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) and in both skulls the lachrymal bone does not reach the rim of the preorbital fossa.The preorbital fossa is large, moderately deep (about
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<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB43D14FEA3CA60FEE5FA94" box="[297,377,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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), with moderate posterior pocket (about
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<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB43D14FE80CA40FED1FAF4" box="[266,333,1325,1352]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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). There is no trace of a canine fossa. The distance from orbit to facial crest is long:
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<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB43D14FFFACA01FF7BFA3B" box="[112,231,1388,1415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="29.0">29-32 mm</quantity>
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. The infraorbital foramen is situated at the antero-ventral border of the preorbital fossa.The buccinator fossa is shallow.The muzzle of FM-2028 is short and narrow, with arc-shaped incisor series. The small size of the upper canine of FM-2028 suggests that it is from a female. The upper tooth row is slightly curved. The anterostyle of the P2 is elongate. The enamel plication is moderate, with 12-17 wide and shallow folds. The
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FE7CC904FDF1F93F" box="[502,621,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">pli caballin</emphasis>
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is single, rudimentary on M1 and M2. The protocon is oval, with a thick, flattened lingual wall. The hypoglyph is shallow (on M1 and M2) to deep (on M3); only M3 has a labial sinus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF515AD7FFB43D14FFFBCB0FFDABFB1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381390/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" startId="12.[113,124,1122,1139]" targetBox="[113,1209,214,1084]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB43D14FFFBCB0FFDABFB1C" blockId="12.[113,1211,1122,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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FIG. 6. — Fossil mammals from the Miocene of Strumyani (SW Bulgaria):
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FD4DCB0FFD48FBCF" bold="true" box="[711,724,1122,1139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">A</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB43D14FD54CB0FFBDEFBCF" authority="(Hensel, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[734,1090,1122,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hippotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FD54CB0FFCD3FBCF" box="[734,847,1122,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Hippotherium</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FCE7CB0FFC58FBCF" box="[877,964,1122,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">brachypus</emphasis>
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(Hensel, 1862)
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral view of skull FM-2326;
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FF7BCB15FF62FB35" bold="true" box="[241,254,1144,1161]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">B</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB43D14FE8DCB15FD52FB35" authority="(Roth & Wagner, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[263,718,1144,1161]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FE8DCB15FD8CFB35" box="[263,528,1144,1161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Cremohipparion mediterraneum</emphasis>
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(Roth & Wagner, 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral view of skull FM-2028;
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FC43CB15FC4BFB35" bold="true" box="[969,983,1144,1161]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB43D14FC6BCB15FF3EFB1C" authority="(Wehrli, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Wehrli" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dietrichi">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FC6BCB15FBE4FB35" box="[993,1144,1144,1161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Hipparion dietrichi</emphasis>
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(Wehrli, 1941)
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral view of skull FM-2029. Scale bar: 20 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33459D4FFB43D15FD31CA21FF5FFB36" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB43D15FD31CA21FEBBFE6D" blockId="12.[674,1212,1261,1700]" lastBlockId="13.[111,649,216,1700]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB43D14FD31CA21FC67FADA" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[699,1019,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FD31CA21FC67FADA" box="[699,1019,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Cremohipparion mediterraneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by its medium size, a well-developed preorbital fossa located close to the orbit, and a narrow muzzle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB43D14FB09CAE1FC8CFA7A" author="KOUFOS G. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="197 - 252" refId="ref20584" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1987 a. - Study of the Pikermi Hipparions. Part I: generalities and taxonomy. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle C, 9, 2: 197 - 252." type="journal article" year="1987">Koufos 1987a</bibRefCitation>
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). After
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB43D14FCD6CAC6FBB7FA7A" author="BERNOR R. & KOUFOS G. & WOODBURNE M. & FORTELIUS M." box="[860,1067,1451,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="307 - 338" refId="ref18751" refString="BERNOR R., KOUFOS G., WOODBURNE M. & FORTELIUS M. 1996. - The Evolutionary History and Biochronology of European and Southwest Asian late Miocene and Pliocene Hipparionine Horses, in BERNOR R. et al. (eds), The Evolution of Western Eurasian Miocene Mammal Faunas. Columbia University Press, New York: 307 - 338." type="book chapter" year="1996">
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Bernor
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FC21CAC1FC41FA79" box="[939,989,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">et al.</emphasis>
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(1996)
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</bibRefCitation>
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the diagnosis is: medium size, presence of the three distinct facial fossae (preorbital, canine, and buccinator); short preorbital bar; lacrimal invading preorbital fossa; nasal notch above P2 mesostyle; skull relatively short; snout short and narrow; complex to moderate enamel plication. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB43D14FC64C904FD71F918" author="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="207 - 281" refId="ref22628" refString="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D. 2009. - The Late Miocene mammal faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: new collection. 11. Equidae. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 31: 207 - 281." type="journal article" year="2009">Vlachou & Koufos (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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in all specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB43D14FC4BC9E7FBE3F91F" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[961,1151,1673,1700]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB43D14FC4BC9E7FBE3F91F" box="[961,1151,1673,1700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Pikermi there exists an anterior, canine fossa, but the sample of the same species from Hadjidimovo-1 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FFFDCE7AFEC5FE8E" author="HRISTOVA L. & KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N." box="[119,345,279,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref20091" refString="HRISTOVA L., KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N. 2002. - The Hipparions (Equidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene locality Hadjidimovo, SW Bulgaria. Review of Bulgarian Geological Society 63: 89 - 98 (in Bulgarian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Hristova
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FF6ACE75FE8AFE8D" box="[224,278,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FEECCE7AFD99FE8E" author="HRISTOVA L." box="[358,517,279,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref19949" refString="HRISTOVA L. 2009. - Ontogeny and variability in the cheek region of hipparions from the Late Miocene locality Hadzhidimovo- 1, Southwest Bulgaria. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 115: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2009">Hristova 2009</bibRefCitation>
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) consists of specimens with and without canine fossa. The same is true of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FE81CE3AFE53FECC" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[267,463,342,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FE81CE3AFE53FECC" box="[267,463,342,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens from Karaslari (
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<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FF56CE1BFEC4FE2D" box="[220,344,374,401]" name="Macedonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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). Thus, at most, the diagnosis of the species could include the occasional presence of a canine fossa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB53D15FF02CEB8FF5FFB36" blockId="13.[111,649,216,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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The species was described from several localities: Hadjidimovo, Perivolaki, Kemiklitepe A-B, Kalimantsi, Karaslari, Pikermi (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE40CD78FDFBFD8C" author="KOUFOS G. D." box="[458,615,533,560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="197 - 252" refId="ref20584" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1987 a. - Study of the Pikermi Hipparions. Part I: generalities and taxonomy. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle C, 9, 2: 197 - 252." type="journal article" year="1987">Koufos 1987a</bibRefCitation>
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|
, b;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FFF8CD59FE3AFDF3" author="KOUFOS G. D. & KOSTOPOULOS D. S." box="[114,422,564,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="41 - 80" refId="ref20744" refString="KOUFOS G. D. & KOSTOPOULOS D. S. 1994. - The late Miocene mammal localities of Kemiklitepe (Turkey). 3. Equidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 4 e ser., sect. C, 16 (1): 41 - 80." type="journal article" year="1994">Koufos & Kostopoulos 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE3ACD59FD1EFDF3" author="HRISTOVA L. & KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N." box="[432,642,564,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref20091" refString="HRISTOVA L., KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N. 2002. - The Hipparions (Equidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene locality Hadjidimovo, SW Bulgaria. Review of Bulgarian Geological Society 63: 89 - 98 (in Bulgarian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2002">
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|
Hristova
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FD9BCD58FDDFFDF2" box="[529,579,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2002
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FFFACD39FE07FDD3" author="HRISTOVA L. & SPASSOV N." box="[112,411,596,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref20039" refString="HRISTOVA L. & SPASSOV N. 2005. - Taxonomy and ecology of the late Miocene Hipparions of Bulgaria: implication to the questions of the Balkans Turolian stratigraphy and environmental changes. Annual NECLIME Meeting, Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Abstracts, 24 p." type="book" year="2005">Hristova & Spassov 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE23CD39FF2CFD33" author="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="81 - 119" refId="ref22591" refString="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D. 2006. - The late Miocene vertebrate locality of Perivolaki, Thessaly, Greece. 6. Equidae. Palaeontographica 276: 81 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">Vlachou & Koufos 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). There are some differences between the various samples. Most specimens of early
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FD84CDF9FF5CFD71" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FD84CDF9FF5CFD71" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Hadjidimovo (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FE15CDDEFE60FD72" box="[415,508,691,718]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
|
) and the one
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FFFACDBEFED6FD51" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[112,330,723,750]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FFFACDBEFF15FD51" box="[112,137,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C.</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FF24CDBEFED6FD51" box="[174,330,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">mediterraneum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Perivolaki (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FE77CDBEFDD6FD52" box="[509,586,723,750]" name="Greece" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|
) have a well-developed canine fossa and a larger preorbital fossa located closer to the orbit, as well as deeper nasal notch and a longer muzzle (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE63CC5FFF30FCD0" author="HRISTOVA L. & KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref20091" refString="HRISTOVA L., KOVACHEV D. & SPASSOV N. 2002. - The Hipparions (Equidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene locality Hadjidimovo, SW Bulgaria. Review of Bulgarian Geological Society 63: 89 - 98 (in Bulgarian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Hristova
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FDDBCC5EFD1BFCF0" box="[593,647,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FF33CC3CFE50FCD0" author="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D." box="[185,460,849,876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="81 - 119" refId="ref22591" refString="VLACHOU T. D. & KOUFOS G. D. 2006. - The late Miocene vertebrate locality of Perivolaki, Thessaly, Greece. 6. Equidae. Palaeontographica 276: 81 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">Vlachou & Koufos 2006</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE53CC3CFDE6FCD0" author="HRISTOVA L." box="[473,634,849,876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref19949" refString="HRISTOVA L. 2009. - Ontogeny and variability in the cheek region of hipparions from the Late Miocene locality Hadzhidimovo- 1, Southwest Bulgaria. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 115: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2009">Hristova 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The enamel plication of the Hadjidimovo sample is moderate to strong, with simple to double or multiple
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FF5CCCDDFED1FC76" box="[214,333,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">pli caballin</emphasis>
|
|
. The later
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FE4DCCDCFD1AFC76" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[455,646,944,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FE4DCCDCFD1AFC76" box="[455,646,944,971]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Pikermi has a preorbital fossa situated slightly farther from the orbit and developed canine fossa (preserved only in PIK-259). The enamel plication is simple to moderate and the
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FE7DCB42FDF1FBF5" box="[503,621,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">pli caballin</emphasis>
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|
is simple “very small and sometimes absent” (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FDB3CB22FF2BFB36" author="KOUFOS G. D." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="197 - 252" refId="ref20584" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1987 a. - Study of the Pikermi Hipparions. Part I: generalities and taxonomy. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle C, 9, 2: 197 - 252." type="journal article" year="1987">Koufos 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33459D4FFB53D15FF02CBE3FC67F918" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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|
<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB53D15FF02CBE3FEB1F999" blockId="13.[111,649,216,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">The differences between skull FM-2028 on the one side and the samples from Perivolaki and Hadjidimovo on the other side lie in the shorter preorbital bar, the larger and much deeper preorbital fossa, the longer tooth row, the presence of a welldeveloped canine fossa in most of the skulls from Hadjidimovo and in the one from Perivolaki, and deeper nasal notch. FM-2028 closely resembles the hipparions from Pikermi, but differs from them in the longer palate and shorter preorbital fossa. The dimensions of FM-2028 are within the range of the Pikermi sample and they show the greatest similarity with it.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB53D15FF02C947FC28FB15" blockId="13.[111,649,216,1700]" lastBlockId="13.[674,1212,216,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
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|
Another species with a preorbital fossa placed close to the orbit and the facial crest is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FE54C927FDE3F9D8" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[478,639,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FE54C927FDE3F9D8" box="[478,639,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, described from the Northern Black Sea coast, Maragheh and AkkasdaĞI (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FE15C9E4FDD1F918" author="GROMOVA V." box="[415,589,1673,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 475" refId="ref19847" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - Gipparioni (Rod Hipparion). Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Trudy 36: 1 - 475. (In Russian)" type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova 1952</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FDD0C9E4FC8DFF4F" author="FORSTEN A." box="[602,785,216,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref19054" refString="FORSTEN A. 1980. - Hipparions of the Hipparion mediterraneum group from south-western USSR. Annales Zoologici Fennici 17: 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1980">Forstén 1980</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC91CFB5FC3BFF4F" author="BERNOR R. L." box="[795,935,216,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="173 - 269" refId="ref18716" refString="BERNOR R. L. 1985. - Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the Hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15: 173 - 269." type="journal article" year="1985">Bernor 1985</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC3ACFB5FB29FF4F" author="WATABE M. & NAKAYA H." box="[944,1205,216,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="55 - 125" refId="ref22704" refString="WATABE M. & NAKAYA H. 1991. - Cranial skeleton of Hipparion (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Maragheh (Turolian, Late Miocene), Northwest Iran. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy 56: 55 - 125." type="journal article" year="1991">Watabe & Nakaya 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FD29CF95FC0BFEAF" author="KRAKHMALNAYA T." box="[675,919,248,275]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="261 - 267" refId="ref20982" refString="KRAKHMALNAYA T. 1996 a. - Hipparions of the Northern Black Sea coast area (Ukraine and Moldova): species composition and stratigraphic distribution. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 39: 261 - 267." type="journal article" year="1996">Krakhmalnaya 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, b;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC49CF95FC84FE8E" author="FORSTEN A. & KRAKHMALNAYA T." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="489 - 499" refId="ref19112" refString="FORSTEN A. & KRAKHMALNAYA T. 1997. - The Hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Miocene of Cherevichnoe on the northern Black Sea coast, Ukraina. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Monatshefte 1997 (8): 489 - 499." type="journal article" year="1997">Forstén & Krakhmalnaya 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FCA9CE7AFBEBFE8E" author="KRAKHMALNAYA T. & FORSTEN A." box="[803,1143,279,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="449 - 462" refId="ref21069" refString="KRAKHMALNAYA T. & FORSTEN A. 1998. - The Hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Miocene of Novaya Emetovka- 2, Odessa region, Ukraine. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Monatshefte 1998 (8): 449 - 462." type="journal article" year="1998">Krakhmalnaya & Forstén 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FB08CE7AFC1EFEEE" author="KOUFOS G. D. & VLACHOU T. D." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="633 - 705" refId="ref20797" refString="KOUFOS G. D. & VLACHOU T. D. 2005. - Equidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of AkkasdaGI, Turkey. Geodiversitas 27 (4): 633 - 705." type="journal article" year="2005">Koufos & Vlachou 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The differences between the Strumyani sample and samples of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FB92CE3AFB25FECC" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[1048,1209,342,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FB92CE3AFB25FECC" box="[1048,1209,342,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Taraklia (TAR-Moldavia) and Novoelisavetovka (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FD7ACEFBFCD1FE0D" box="[752,845,406,433]" name="Ukraine" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
|
, after
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC19CEFBFBAAFE0D" author="GABUNIA L." box="[915,1078,406,433]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref19160" refString="GABUNIA L. 1959. - K Istorii Gipparionov (po materialam iz Neogena SSSR) [On the History of Hipparions (after Material from the Neogene of USSR)]. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 570 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1959">Gabunia 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Maragheh (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FD24CEDBFD41FE6D" box="[686,733,438,465]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
) and AkkasdaĞI (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FC12CEDBFC74FE6D" box="[920,1000,438,465]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
) are in the absolute and relative dimensions and morphology of the preorbital fossa (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FCF9CE98FB8FFDB3" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[883,1043,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FCF9CE98FB8FFDB3" box="[883,1043,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
it is sub-rhomboidal, larger and deeper), in the deeper buccinator fossa, narrower muzzle, and in different skull proportions. There are differences in the data about the sample from Novoelisavetovka. According to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FD2FCDFEFCCBFD12" author="GABUNIA L." box="[677,855,659,686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref19160" refString="GABUNIA L. 1959. - K Istorii Gipparionov (po materialam iz Neogena SSSR) [On the History of Hipparions (after Material from the Neogene of USSR)]. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 570 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1959">Gabunia (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the preorbital bar length ranges from
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FD55CDDEFCF7FD72" box="[735,875,691,718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 31 mm</quantity>
|
|
, but for
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC48CDDEFB26FD72" author="KRAKHMALNAYA T." box="[962,1210,691,718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref21018" refString="KRAKHMALNAYA T. 1996 b. - [Hipparion Fauna of the Old Maeotian of the Northern Black Sea Region.] Gipparionovaya fauna drevnego meotisa Severnovo Prichernomorya. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 225: 247 p. (in Russian, English abstract, contents and conclusion)." type="book" year="1996">Krakhmalnaya (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
it ranges from
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FCC0CDBEFC79FD52" box="[842,997,723,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="22.0">22 to 44 mm</quantity>
|
|
; the distance from the facial crest to the preorbital fossa ranges from
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FD2FCC7FFCA3FC91" box="[677,831,786,813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="16.0">16 to 27 mm</quantity>
|
|
after Gabunia, but from 21.4 to 45.2 after Krakhmalnaya, who might have mixed data from two different species. The sample from Novaya Emetovka-2 (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FC1CCC1CFC6FFC30" box="[918,1011,881,908]" name="Ukraine" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
|
) has longer skulls dimensions (
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FCB9CCFCFC57FC10" box="[819,971,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="407.0" valueMax="414.0" valueMin="400.0">400-414 mm</quantity>
|
|
), wider preorbital bar length (
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FD72CCDDFCF2FC77" box="[760,878,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="30.0">30-38 mm</quantity>
|
|
), larger (
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FC42CCDDFBA0FC77" box="[968,1084,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="78.0" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="74.0">74-82 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and higher (
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FD21CCBDFCBDFC57" box="[683,801,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="48.0">48-57 mm</quantity>
|
|
) preorbital fossa. The specimens from Cherevichnoe are slightly smaller in overall size: tooth row length ranges from
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FB8ECB7DFB27FB97" box="[1028,1211,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.285" metricValueMax="1.34" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="128.5" valueMax="134.0" valueMin="123.0">123 to 134 mm</quantity>
|
|
and the distance from the anterior point of P2 to the most anterior point of the orbit is about
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FB0CCB22FD61FB36" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="146.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="143.0">143- 150 mm</quantity>
|
|
versus
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FCCCCB02FC03FB36" box="[838,927,1135,1162]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
|
|
and
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6A7BAFFB53D15FC5ACB02FBA1FB36" box="[976,1085,1135,1162]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6059999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="160.6">160.6 mm</quantity>
|
|
respectively for FM-2028 from Str-2.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B910A5FFFB53D15FD31CBC3FC67F918" blockId="13.[674,1212,216,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
|
|
The sample from Str-2 shares some similarities with “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FD62CBA3FCC9FB5B" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[744,853,1230,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FD62CBA3FCC9FB5B" box="[744,853,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
”
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|
<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FCE3CBA3FC01FB5B" box="[873,925,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">verae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FC2FCBA3FBD1FB55" author="GABUNIA L." box="[933,1101,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref19160" refString="GABUNIA L. 1959. - K Istorii Gipparionov (po materialam iz Neogena SSSR) [On the History of Hipparions (after Material from the Neogene of USSR)]. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 570 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1959">Gabunia, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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. This species has similar skull size, close dimensions of the preorbital fossa, and in
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<specimenCount id="9D28C1D6FFB53D15FC2ACA60FBAEFA94" box="[928,1074,1293,1320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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the position of the nasal notch is above the anterior end of P2 as in FM-2028. But some other features, such as less plicated tooth enamel, longer preorbital bar and longer distance between the preorbital fossa and the facial crest distinguish “
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FB99CAC1FBB5FA79" box="[1043,1065,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H</emphasis>
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.”
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FBCECAC1FBE6FA79" box="[1092,1146,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">verae</emphasis>
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from the Str-
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<specimenCount id="9D28C1D6FFB53D15FD74CAA6FC17FA5A" box="[766,907,1483,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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. The species was described also from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3394ACFFFB53D15FCB4CA86FBA7F9BA" box="[830,1083,1515,1542]" name="Macedonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Republic of Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF77AEFFB53D15FBC0CA86FCA0F999" author="FORSTEN A. & GAREVSKI R." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref19079" refString="FORSTEN A. & GAREVSKI R. 1989. - Hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Macedonia (Yugoslavia). Geologica macedonica 3 (2): 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1989">Forstén & Garevski 1989</bibRefCitation>
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), but our personal observations (L/H) do not confirm their species determination, as it seems that under this name these authors lumped
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FD2EC907FCB7F93F" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[676,811,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hippotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FD2EC907FCB7F93F" box="[676,811,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. brachypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FCD4C907FB87F93F" baseAuthorityName="Roth & Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[862,1051,1641,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Cremohipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FCD4C907FB87F93F" box="[862,1051,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Karaslari and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E71DCFFB53D15FD5EC9E7FCC0F91F" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[724,860,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hippotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
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<emphasis id="B95AD64DFFB53D15FD5EC9E7FCC0F91F" box="[724,860,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. brachypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Basiboz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |