treatments-xml/data/03/87/3C/03873C46FFC4FFE3FEB64991A1EDFCA3.xml

<document id="09F6615CD8822FDA919C9F7F69D24846" ID-CLB-Dataset="21897" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.217" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa0db457-960f-417f-865e-89252373960b" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3840173" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590166627914" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Kopalová, Kateřina, Zidarova, Ralitsa &amp; Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2016" docId="03873C46FFC4FFE3FEB64991A1EDFCA3" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2016-217.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 217" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalova, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFBE443EFFCCFFE9FF814A20A35FFF81" masterDocTitle="Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698841023565" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F4481C3B8549EEE9710D2BA6F8F3D3CE">Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4BAAEBC1AA64CD160B8BADCE701B442">Kopalová, Kateřina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D716399DAFA96E6598DE66ED48E8D1BE">Zidarova, Ralitsa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="790616D1D4569E5D3172AEA6115819E8">St. “ Kliment Ohridski ” University of Sofia, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. &amp; zidarova. r @ gmail. com bart. vandevijver @ plantentuinmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A3250E7B87AE7BA8519FA5FA5348CB3A">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AD9991564E0CB5AEA994486582E2BECD">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="421F01E5DAE83F4A6A34FAE059EF3D2F">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03873C46FFC4FFE3FEB64991A1EDFCA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164252220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03873C46FFC4FFE3FEB64991A1EDFCA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03873C46FFC4FFE3FEB64991A1EDFCA3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FEB64991A7A2FC4D" blockId="8.[311,1277,945,1008]" box="[311,1277,945,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0D93A3CFFC4FFE1FEB64991A7A2FC4D" box="[311,1277,945,972]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC4FFE1FEB64991A7C5FC4D" authority="Kopalova, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityName="Kopalova, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityYear="2016" box="[311,1178,945,972]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="confusoneglectum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FEB64991A1BBFC4D" bold="true" box="[311,740,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Psammothidium confusoneglectum</emphasis>
Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269EC39FFC4FFE1FB234992A7A2FC4D" box="[1186,1277,946,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FD5949F6A004FC71" blockId="8.[311,1277,945,1008]" box="[728,859,981,1008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FD5949F6A004FC71" box="[728,859,981,1008]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 58–85</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FF3C4E38A21BFBB3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1048,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF3C4E67A252FB04" blockId="8.[189,1399,1095,1157]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The specific epithet refers to the possible confusion with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC4FFE1FCE04E67A252FB04" authority="(Manguin) Van de Vijver." authorityName="Van de Vijver." baseAuthorityName="Manguin" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FCE04E67A7C7FBE0" box="[865,1176,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Psammothidium confusum</emphasis>
(Manguin) Van de Vijver.
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<heading id="D0D93A3CFFC4FFE1FF3C4E8EA3A5FB49" bold="true" box="[189,250,1198,1224]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FF3C4E8EA3A5FB49" bold="true" box="[189,250,1198,1224]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="549533F2FFC4FFE1FF3C4E8EA3A5FB49" box="[189,250,1198,1224]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF3C4EFDA199FAC1" blockId="8.[189,1399,1243,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, 
<collectingCountry id="F339CDC0FFC4FFE1FCF24EFDA0AFFB76" box="[883,1008,1245,1271]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, sample BYM-051 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AEB97FFC4FFE1FB594EFBA628FB76" box="[1240,1399,1243,1271]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="20.1" value="-62.63892">62°38′20.1″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AEB97FFC4FFE1FF3C4EDFA238FA9A" box="[189,359,1279,1307]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="44.2" value="-61.112278">61°06′44.2″W</geoCoordinate>
) (leg. B. Van de Vijver), coll. date: 
<date id="FF90AB90FFC4FFE1FC964F21A0EFFA9A" box="[791,944,1281,1308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2009-01-15">15 Jan. 2009</date>
(holo-: slide no. BR–4438; iso-: slide PLP–294, University of Antwerp, 
<collectingCountry id="F339CDC0FFC4FFE1FDCE4F05A1E6FAC1" box="[591,697,1317,1344]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Belgium</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C334DEDBFFC4FFE3FF3C4F47A0F0FE7C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF3C4F47A211FA00" blockId="8.[189,334,1383,1409]" box="[189,334,1383,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0D93A3CFFC4FFE1FF3C4F47A211FA00" bold="true" box="[189,334,1383,1409]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FF3C4F47A211FA00" bold="true" box="[189,334,1383,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF6B4FB6A13CFA30" blockId="8.[189,1399,1430,1853]" box="[234,611,1430,1457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FF6B4FB6A29AFA31" bold="true" box="[234,453,1430,1456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Light microscopy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FE544FB6A104FA30" box="[469,603,1430,1457]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 58–82</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF3C4F9AA022F8BC" blockId="8.[189,1399,1430,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Valves broadly elliptic-lanceolate with clearly convex margins gradually tapering towards the broadly rounded, non-protracted apices. Valve dimensions (n = 30): length 
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FC504FFFA761FA78" box="[977,1086,1503,1529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 µm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FB144FFEA67FFA78" box="[1173,1312,1502,1529]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.5 µm</quantity>
. Raphe valve (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FE8C4C22A2C6F99C" box="[269,409,1538,1565]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 58–70</figureCitation>
): axial area narrow, linear, not widening towards central area. Central area forming a rectangular to bow-tie-shaped fascia with occasionally one to several shortened striae near the valve margins (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FEA94C6AA286F9E4" box="[296,473,1610,1637]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 62–64, 68</figureCitation>
). Raphe straight with almost indistinct, straight proximal endings. Distal fissures not discernible in LM. Transapical striae weakly radiate near the central area, becoming more radiate towards the apices, 
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FE2E4CB3A145F92D" box="[431,538,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="32.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="30.0">30–34 in</quantity>
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FDA54CB3A127F92C" box="[548,632,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
. Areolae not discernible in LM. Rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FB5D4CB2A635F92C" box="[1244,1386,1682,1709]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 71–82</figureCitation>
): axial area very narrow, linear distinctly widening towards the central area. Central area rounded to apically elliptical, bow-tie shaped widening towards the valve margins, almost forming a fascia. Regularly, shortened striae present near the valve margins. Transapical striae weakly radiate throughout becoming more radiate towards the apices, 
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FD3B4D02A07DF8BD" box="[698,802,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="33.0">33–36 in</quantity>
<quantity id="4CD620B5FFC4FFE1FCA84D03A026F8BC" box="[809,889,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE1FF6B4D45A1A1F801" blockId="8.[189,1399,1893,2027]" box="[234,766,1893,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC4FFE1FF6B4D45A13FF8FE" bold="true" box="[234,608,1893,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scanning electron microscopy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FDF14D45A1A9F801" box="[624,758,1893,1920]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 83–85</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC4FFE3FF3C4DA9A0F0FE7C" blockId="8.[189,1399,1893,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,509]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Raphe valve (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC4FFE1FEE14DA9A2E6F822" box="[352,441,1929,1955]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
): striae uniseriate, composed of small, rounded to rectangular areolae, the largest areolae located close to the axial area. Number of areolae per stria diminishing towards the axial area. Near valve margins, last areola transapically elongated, slit-like. A row of slit-like areolae present on the mantle. Raphe branches almost straight. Proximal raphe endings straight, drop-like expanded (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FA904B2BA636FEA7" box="[1297,1385,267,294]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
). Distal endings short, weakly drop-like expanded. Rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FC664B0FA72CFECB" box="[999,1139,303,330]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 84–85</figureCitation>
): central area slightly depressed, forming a weak pseudoraphe (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FD394B73A04BFEEC" box="[696,788,339,365]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate composed of small, rounded to rectangular and transapically elongated areolae (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FD6F4B57A01BFE10" box="[750,836,375,401]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
). Slit-like areolae present near the valve margins and onto the mantle (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FE344BBBA152FE34" box="[437,525,411,437]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
). In the central area, several slit-like areolae visible near the valve margin. Internally areolae transapically elongated, covered by individual perforated hymenes (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FB3B4B9FA64CFE5B" box="[1210,1299,447,474]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
). Virgae slightly raised. Small silica bars separating the areolae (
<figureCitation id="131591D5FFC6FFE3FCCB4BC3A0FDFE7C" box="[842,930,482,509]" captionStart="Figs 58–85" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[305,1283,265,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF51DDD8FFC5FFE0FF3C4D64A04FF86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3840183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840183/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[189,241,1860,1886]" targetBox="[305,1283,265,1814]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC5FFE0FF3C4D64A04FF86A" blockId="9.[189,1399,1860,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FF3C4D64A212F8DF" bold="true" box="[189,333,1860,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 58–85.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC5FFE0FED94D64A79CF8DF" authority="Kopalova, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityName="Kopalova, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver" authorityYear="2016" box="[344,1219,1860,1887]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="confusoneglectum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FED94D64A1A9F8DF" box="[344,758,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Psammothidium confusoneglectum</emphasis>
Kopalová, Zidarova &amp; Van de Vijver
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269EC39FFC5FFE0FB4F4D65A673F8DE" box="[1230,1324,1861,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FF3C4DAAA259F825" bold="true" box="[189,262,1930,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">58–70</emphasis>
. LM views of raphe valves. 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FDDB4DAAA1FCF825" bold="true" box="[602,675,1930,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">71–82</emphasis>
. LM views of rapheless valves. 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FBA34DAAA760F825" bold="true" box="[1058,1087,1930,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">83</emphasis>
. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FE244D8EA29DF849" bold="true" box="[421,450,1966,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">84</emphasis>
. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC5FFE0FB9E4D8EA763F849" bold="true" box="[1055,1084,1966,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">85</emphasis>
. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C334DEDBFFC6FFE3FF3C4805A1EDFCA3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC6FFE3FF3C4805A2ADFDBE" blockId="10.[189,498,549,575]" box="[189,498,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0D93A3CFFC6FFE3FF3C4805A2ADFDBE" bold="true" box="[189,498,549,575]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FF3C4805A2ADFDBE" bold="true" box="[189,498,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B918D50FFC6FFE3FF3C4874A1EDFCA3" blockId="10.[189,1398,596,802]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This new species was up to now only observed on Livingston Island. The largest population was found living in mosses submerged in a large lake showing a circumneutral pH (7.3) and a low conductivity level (&lt;100 µS/cm). The sample was dominated by several 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC6FFE3FCD348BCA74EFD37" box="[850,1041,668,694]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FCD348BCA74EFD37" box="[850,1041,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Psammothidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC6FFE3FB3748BCA2B7FD5B" authority="(Hust.) Bukht. &amp; Round" authorityName="Bukht. &amp; Round" baseAuthorityName="Hust." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="subatomoides">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FB3748BCA629FD37" box="[1206,1398,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. subatomoides</emphasis>
(Hust.) Bukht. &amp; Round
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF0A1FFC6FFE3FE7D48E0A039FD5A" author="Bukhtiyarova L. &amp; Round F. E." box="[508,870,704,731]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref7424" refString="Bukhtiyarova L. &amp; Round F. E. 1996. Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. Diatom Research 11: 1 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 026924 9 X. 1996.9705361" type="journal article" year="1996">Bukhtiyarova &amp; Round 1996</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC6FFE3FC0148E0A629FD5B" authority="(Manguin) Bukht. &amp; Round" authorityName="Bukht. &amp; Round" baseAuthorityName="Manguin" box="[896,1398,703,731]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="abundans">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FC0148E0A74BFD58" box="[896,1044,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. abundans</emphasis>
(Manguin) Bukht. &amp; Round
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF0A1FFC6FFE3FF4448C3A141FD7F" author="Bukhtiyarova L. &amp; Round F. E." box="[197,542,739,766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref7424" refString="Bukhtiyarova L. &amp; Round F. E. 1996. Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. Diatom Research 11: 1 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 026924 9 X. 1996.9705361" type="journal article" year="1996">Bukhtiyarova &amp; Round 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EF6D3FFC6FFE3FDE148C4A1F1FCA3" authority="(D. E. Kellogg, Stuiver, T. B. Kellogg &amp; Denton) Kopalova &amp; Van de Vijver in Kopalova et al. (2012)" authorityName="Kopalova &amp; Van de Vijver in Kopalova" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="D. E. Kellogg, Stuiver, T. B. Kellogg &amp; Denton" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Psammothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="papilio">
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FDE148C4A18FFD7C" box="[608,720,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. papilio</emphasis>
(D.E.Kellogg, Stuiver, T.B.Kellogg &amp; Denton) Kopalová &amp; Van de Vijver 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FE024928A2C5FCA0" box="[387,410,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF0A1FFC6FFE3FE204927A1F1FCA3" author="Kopalova K. &amp; Vesela J. &amp; Elster J. &amp; Nedbalova L. &amp; Komarek J. &amp; Van de Vijver B." box="[417,686,775,802]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="190 - 208" refId="ref8056" refString="Kopalova K., Vesela J., Elster J., Nedbalova L., Komarek J. &amp; Van de Vijver B. 2012. Benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from seepages and streams on James Ross Island (NW Weddell Sea, Antarctica). Plant Ecology and Evolution 145: 190 - 208. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5091 / plecevo. 2012.639" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kopalová 
<emphasis id="B95A5142FFC6FFE3FD9B4928A10AFCA0" box="[538,597,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>