924 lines
101 KiB
XML
924 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="DF25C482F04A08B18AD23EDB241179BB" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Apodemus Kaup 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1259" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1259" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B9CE6BDE6AC5D3FF784AFDA17735252C">
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<mods:title id="D79BDD304D54C0D56224E94A52F10265">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6A70ED390543921C02BB70D27F47EDE1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="79F5D862DB8E4244CD96481FDD5C7E06">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EE133F7DD95DBD48BDCED13B3D558138" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2DA752051448BC840610207CDA4906A0">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2E9359C27DDA2330B98ACB8700A90367">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="57038EAC08AF29E2BFAE76A7FB6571A1">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="1ABA123D71393CE7854385BE7AA416CB">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="9F34A2C743F8F3F8FDBDD5E44DAEDCE5">
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<mods:placeTerm id="CE553AB57BBC17E108BC848B689A61A2">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="452DA60CFF09F848E3995F11C09C4E22">
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<mods:title id="44CBAE767AB5EC0175A594CB4274261A">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9AA83E58F662D7385E2615B2E410EBFC">
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<mods:extent id="889D159F85CF77E4206F006529EFAFBD" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="078E9D1E1F2B15301211589232367DFF">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3B2C5FADAC0252C89E019CFAF8744DB6">1531</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="907DB253DF5B554D0717BA980E827A9D">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CC181F3E39221952137448AC781A1307" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40383943E3F9DA93F17CEFB4AFF2BFE2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="DF25C482F04A08B18AD23EDB241179BB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF25C482F04A08B18AD23EDB241179BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF25C482F04A08B18AD23EDB241179BB" lastPageNumber="1259" pageNumber="1259" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001203">
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<subSubSection id="7BA95088E3241F4469713D34E8A83A98" pageNumber="1259" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E163051619F5564104E22B7407A1B576" pageNumber="1259">
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<taxonomicName id="94D8A81F5941E6352A79F108318948AB" ID-CoL="YVR" authority="Kaup 1829" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29B6880B4B61D8415EAC65F25CB5D530" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
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Kaup 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7B2FB8281BAE6203B593849DCEBA7E8C" pageNumber="1259" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="451EA57132507636C66F737D625CDA22" pageNumber="1259">
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<treatmentCitation id="694E74BECF3A230B520B1EA17356D64E" author="Kaup" authority="Kaup 1829" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="154" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Apodemus" volumeTitle="Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, Vol. 1" year="1829">
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<taxonomicName id="030F93249D9F51D24737E72CB11C2E31" ID-CoL="YVR" authority="Kaup 1829" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03C4FBBCBD49EEC547CB1ECA49F73221" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
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Kaup 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="4270CAA12D5D26CF9261FAD603BC5A88" author="Kaup" pageNumber="1259" pagination="154" title="Apodemus" volumeTitle="Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, Vol. 1" year="1829">Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, Vol. 1: 154</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFB4824E1DF843BAC6DAC1AD5D20A75D" pageNumber="1259" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="D9378CBF3050410F0E39338975E563FB" pageNumber="1259">
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<emphasis id="B1CCFAB4F8C61BE2DF4D4B03AE62567E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1259">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5FA7ADB0304DDFF29988749759F989C2" authority="Pallas 1771" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
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<emphasis id="C985966B6E10ECBB49BABF180630C87D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Mus agrarius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="663AC08BB67651A327F908EC4D8E4165" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271612" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1771 - 1776. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. St. Petersbourg, 3 vol." year="1771">Pallas 1771</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CC32DC908341B08A6202B573E5EAF950" pageNumber="1259" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="D4A165468C6A0F687832146CA9DEA18B" pageNumber="1259">
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<emphasis id="E1BA589CCCF3E1AB8911848AA171D1DE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1259">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EADDEF5B6517D26CEDE1C691E8ECABC2" authority="Dukelski 1928" authorityName="Dukelski" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Alsomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="63B5109CC79D562BE60F228F4523A3B5" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Alsomys</emphasis>
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Dukelski 1928
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="B4742C744F87A10C387BDDF615F872D0" authority="Martino 1939" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FF05A281DD9A274DBA20A17B64263FF9" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
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Martino 1939
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="44203531AC2F93BF50E59A5AD7218F19" authority="Thomas 1924" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Nemomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6EA5C5301FD34B4DCFC87A836EBCA097" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Nemomys</emphasis>
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Thomas 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="2F582EFD44AF48392E7EB340A7DCBF68" authority="Martino 1934" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Petromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5B2DFC480F26AC5299ED07A0A4361D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Petromys</emphasis>
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Martino 1934
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="DAA7C186F7C9CDE5730AE9A5F29B6452" authority="Ognev 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6349414D9A0F0D99F2F665F6A4D9F8B4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
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Ognev 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F286FDFE3F574A00E4631E32B11D736" pageNumber="1259" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="E91DFDFC19AC2C873B9A9C27759E831D" pageNumber="1259">
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<emphasis id="99FEA78A7A78F6C7B65710146A5023F3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1259">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
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20 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CDDAB6C93E20743E477B0F585AA04EF2" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="94C37C81993CE00FC4DBFB642848370E" authority="(Pallas 1771)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
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<emphasis id="A441D08CFC68C70E7B73A633456B74E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus agrarius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AED8D31554EE6F3960B73F683A2E1864" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271612" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1771 - 1776. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. St. Petersbourg, 3 vol." year="1771">Pallas 1771</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2B27EE1462B28411053003C7387397" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="F20CCE44EF330B887631C94007994ADD" authority="Heinrich 1952" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
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<emphasis id="A90C6550968A2AC9A5EB443D80C476DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus alpicola</emphasis>
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Heinrich 1952
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="21C24C55931C8B92F30CB3A68DBF7C25" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="CF34FEA62D7D3A303BD3AFA2149AC110" authority="Temminck 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
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<emphasis id="91CE7785055D8D5601AC9E5061C2104F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus argenteus</emphasis>
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Temminck 1844
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="007D67066E255FB42FE3A7BEA78460A6" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="AA30E4CB70DD34384109495146D6C11A" authority="Milne-Edwards 1868" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevrieri">
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<emphasis id="4845C1A778B96017322E42A43AD49858" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus chevrieri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7AC03ED589E48B2202FBF570E12FE789" author="Milne-Edwards, M. A." refId="ref242837" refString="Milne-Edwards, M. A. 1868 - 1874. Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes. 2 vols. Masson, Paris, vol. I, 394 pp.; vol. II, atlas." year="1868">Milne-Edwards 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02821432F33752D84CCE76D0E66F6FAE" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="10BA79C8E72423FFBB6FB2AE82F4572B" authority="Barrett-Hamilton 1900" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="draco">
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<emphasis id="444A6B64B22C18813BB2E25C4CCBAAC7" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus draco</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E892D0DDA06A7D3B095026C5D753C31A" author="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H." refId="ref21800" refString="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. 1900. On geographical and individual variation in Mus sylvaticus and its allies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 387 - 428." year="1900">Barrett-Hamilton 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B70ED734CCC88049FBB398D8A700C86F" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="BBFCFD4C82F20ED03D4BEB3E8AC0D54E" authority="Nehring 1902" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
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<emphasis id="AA8D65BCFB997687B1EF9FADA015621F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus epimelas</emphasis>
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Nehring 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3A34EBF9583DD9EB7CCA30465A7E63B" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="91351CAE543481F76961228FACE6340A" authority="Melchior 1834" authorityName="Melchior" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
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<emphasis id="958385D08FE809D9B3CB66FE950117E4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus flavicollis</emphasis>
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Melchior 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37BA01BF16C8D5394BDC8428835ACB89" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="2765701BE0DA68EC577494BFA3DBB8EB" authority="Thomas 1924" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gurkha">
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<emphasis id="D21A104BD99B89AD500857FA185EFCB3" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus gurkha</emphasis>
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Thomas 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B9366ABADF05A5B03469629C3B6573ED" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="A25CACB7234E1E88ECDF1A2EC1C3DA96" authority="Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin 1992" authorityName="Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcanicus">
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<emphasis id="61E26ACECD9D68263B113ABF2FFCC328" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus hyrcanicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5886A9C78E52BEC77F5E5992517E7DBD" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. & G. G. Boyeskorov & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref240064" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., G. G. Boyeskorov, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1992. [Genetic relations between European and Transcaucasian mice of the genus Apodemus Kaup.] Genetika, 28 (11): 111 - 121 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1992">Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E0E12C6C6C1D0FB65012F6D1AED058F" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="ABB31DF5269D507DA909B52ABD44F328" authority="Thomas 1911" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latronum">
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<emphasis id="74CB23D4A2AB177BE248EC95F0FD3995" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus latronum</emphasis>
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Thomas 1911
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B012305BFDA45B5763999A183097C40B" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="128A5379926C3994E98B379A3198D31B" authority="Danford and Alston 1877" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
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<emphasis id="44AD74F93823BC6FE57596E0E7FC07F6" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus mystacinus</emphasis>
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Danford and Alston 1877
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97B5599B52E7471DF1819F31A94707D3" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="2312743ADB260C63765C91F32A58AFEF" authority="Barrett-Hamilton 1900" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
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<emphasis id="4D20CE96A90F86D6D34D62358964D8B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus pallipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C94201A8B503ED8D4D26499DF7A63FE8" author="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H." refId="ref21800" refString="Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. 1900. On geographical and individual variation in Mus sylvaticus and its allies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900: 387 - 428." year="1900">Barrett-Hamilton 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43316CC59EE3A00D957A73B0A4FF766E" pageNumber="1259">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="174952D234F425783A567C02E1C33B41" authority="Thomas 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
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<emphasis id="C277DF11CAC99E1FB2212EC66689FC38" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus peninsulae</emphasis>
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Thomas 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F8ADD067DBD85D14EED0DC6BD31693F" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A5E3217DA73C12C68D7EF5A2E84E825" authority="Sviridenko 1936" authorityName="Sviridenko" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EAD5E36CB08A7D216234AA91A2661817" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus ponticus</emphasis>
|
|
Sviridenko 1936
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="813114CDED57FAA486530376FC26D99C" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38A82475B23A7EACF56F5A61FC3685DB" authority="Miller 1913" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusiges">
|
|
<emphasis id="14ABE1DBBFB7BDB04343E4FC7702ACB7" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus rusiges</emphasis>
|
|
Miller 1913
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7A4E9A53DB0EC871F34EE651E3414A6C" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E3913ACE0A2EED62EC78A579030603D" authority="Thomas 1908" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5623BA766AC8B1B4BB3B3ECF8AEB2C8F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus semotus</emphasis>
|
|
Thomas 1908
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="94FC160F3FE793DCACF4AB1094470098" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F652C9DE5D5ECAFA823209DA4A510781" authority="Temminck 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="093EBD544B19BCBB483B4CC15C400A28" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus speciosus</emphasis>
|
|
Temminck 1844
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A7FC4630143231EFED5F0AEE3FEB6CF1" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7665C81B36E234B1E9AD18AE07D6BA21" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18A8B0970C052E51AC40F1FA253882E3" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="909C97A659A444C07AE7BE338E9520CE" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="64964D6125CF8A773D7C2400A24AF36E" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F6251C8C7938D414A1A70D44C722D0D" authority="(Pallas 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="A98AE43F6C0F62887D309F39543405F0" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus uralensis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C7F0D1A71C6877A54AE30CCC7A7F4FE7" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271664" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1811 [1831]. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. [ICZN Opinion 212 -- dates of volumes: 1 & 2: 1811; 3: 1814]. Petropoli, in officina Caes. acadamiae scientiarum. 3 vol. [official date of publ for vol 1 - 1811 impress], 1: 1 - 568." year="1811">Pallas 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BCCBA66BB68FBE3FC2A2ECE4941C3CDD" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C860D79AC34F084F1418C443DC3B1777" authority="Thomas 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="7EEA1CCA83032B87F820429BFFABE7FC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus witherbyi</emphasis>
|
|
Thomas 1902
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5903598DBA66EDB6438357898DBAF964" pageNumber="1259" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="06C899790BC36560571AB8D87F3A119E" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
<emphasis id="9B45C0FB7E5AFC0762FF0B1FA4909D97" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1259">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
|
<paragraph id="34CBDB789763D9B32E5E3DF167506B70" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="238A8D7ABBE8A574D1B8C329E572922E" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="402E439110D4FD0430B9BFA82AB9C9C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Division. Diagnosed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="688F9C5576078109B5F40A70EC6E4991" author="Niethammer, J." refId="ref259816" refString="Niethammer, J. 1978 d. Gattung Apodemus Kaup, 1826. p. 305, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">
|
|
Niethammer (1978
|
|
<emphasis id="258BD2461F39F80B8C04B25DFC05F750" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">d</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
using skeletal and soft tissues, body size, and dental traits, and by Martín Suárez and Mein (1998) using dental characters only. Recognized species have been allocated among the subgenera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1592B2A63143F0B9C2F7F7AD7FEFEB09" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C265416B6BA6AD5676A86B20A7C23BEF" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EFECF667EF79CEAB4C30289A8967CEA3" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FD32510EA93D9DEED08BDBAAEFC64D7A" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF57492E5B86352DB3FED04792E843FB" authorityName="Dukelski" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Alsomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6EA1CABB77DAF6471299861ECB6CD3F4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Alsomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02E088E0BFA2EB122EF35E71BCA381F0" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="952D30D017CC8D4D847B41A75235F9FD" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A303B960BD387AD055F93D6DDDDB4F8E" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
|
Corbet, 1978
|
|
<emphasis id="47D8C3424CC4761AA87465EF2EF9F795" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">c</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="20EA368C5D9E1BB155F2402B6C6A3424" author="Zimmermann, K." refId="ref408420" refString="Zimmermann, K. 1962. Die Untergattungen der Gattung Apodemus Kaup. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 13: 198 - 208." year="1962">Zimmermann, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but whether these names designate monophyletic clusters and should be retained as subgenera or instead raised to generic rank remains to be answered by critical systematic revision of the entire group, which is currently unavailable. Most taxonomists appreciate at least the subgeneric validity of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4A950ECCC28D97A361BB6A1AC93F0AD" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2511867BB04D9A02198BEAC540346E8F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="34C33982BDB4C7463B1CE741A94FC1FE" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8B2824499E7E0DF3AC83A87558304150" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; some suggest
|
|
<taxonomicName id="266104BC6DFEB0929D7F5CD296D33823" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3FCFD1F7D9BD7B6780482CA4E61045AC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be raised to generic rank because of its great morphological and genetic divergence from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="47FA6BFAE772717B00C2FC21C9414C02" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4C8DE205FCC1025ACEC286AEAEF4D708" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3E5194CBC6E5B64AF2E67AB65386C58A" author="Britton-Davidian, J. & M. Vahdat & F. Benmehdi & P. Gros & V. Nance & H. Croset & S. Guerassimov & C. Triantaphyllidis" refId="ref42399" refString="Britton-Davidian, J., M. Vahdat, F. Benmehdi, P. Gros, V. Nance, H. Croset, S. Guerassimov, and C. Triantaphyllidis. 1991. Genetic differentiation in four species of Apodemus from southern Europe: A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. agrarius and A. mystacinus (Muridae, Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 56: 25 - 33." year="1991">Britton-Davidian et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="20308A8EF0FAD1B9FA4066C80CD9FB7B" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. & A. E. Zykov" refId="ref240019" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., and A. E. Zykov. 1991. Genetic divergence and allozyme variability in mice of genus Apodemus s. lato (Muridae, Rodentia). Cytology and Genetics, 25: 51 - 59." year="1991">Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); others either treat
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F309AD26D88689EA7345D7A5FD8E4CA" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BE274B27D4216F04BB4905DEA4CED40D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a separate genus or suggest it should be recognized at that rank (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EDC3C7A64C79814BD69281567EE3AA04" author="Bonhomme, F. & D. Iskandar & L. Thaler & F. Petter" refId="ref35745" refString="Bonhomme, F., D. Iskandar, L. Thaler, and F. Petter. 1985. Electromorphs and phylogeney in muroid rodents. Pp. 671 - 683, in Evolutionary relationships among rodents, a multidisciplinary analysis (W. P. Luckett and J. - L. Hartenberger, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 721 pp." year="1985">Bonhomme et al., 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Chelomina, 1998;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9AEAC476F8AD15E127FBA3FB073C05E3" author="Chelomina, G. N. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya & K. Moriwaki & E. A. Lyapunova & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59233" refString="Chelomina, G. N., H. Suzuki, K. Tsuchiya, K. Moriwaki, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 b. [Sequencing of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and reconstruction of the maternal relationships of wood and field mice of the genus Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia).] Genetica, 34 (5): 650 - 661 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
|
|
Chelomina et al., 1998
|
|
<emphasis id="E5573972C32B7B4E102622FA5689058C" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Filippucci et al., 1996;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A1CE714E22DAA1199996BFB21C2DB827" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
|
|
Mezhzherin, 1997
|
|
<emphasis id="6F63B1E269D21945D8D7B6006BA64575" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C2668E248497076AA1ADD9C4B7BD97C8" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. & O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277859" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1998. [Systematics of mammals of the USSR. Addenda. M.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 38: 190 pp. (in Russian)." year="1998">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5EAF8E0F116E0BB11E98BADB3C5C6175" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya & E. L. Yakhontov & A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
|
|
Pavlinov et al., 1995
|
|
<emphasis id="2D646BA6DBDF70ED0AFA280C1B79FDE8" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="52A92D2E061FD3E84E88F79A89C3EED6" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403218" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1992 b. [A review of the Recent Muroidea (Mammalia), described from the territory of the Ukraine (1777 - 1990).] Vestnik Zoologi, 1992 (2): 39 - 48." year="1992">
|
|
Zagorodnyuk, 1992
|
|
<emphasis id="A95145D8DBBE5153FC2B88B99694C1D0" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 1993;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="37654AEAB623E403749ED93486B37FEE" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. & G. G. Boyeskorov & A. Ye. Zykov" refId="ref403909" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., G. G. Boyeskorov, and A. Ye. Zykov. 1997. [Variation and taxonomic status of the steppe forms of genus Sylvaemus " sylvaticus " (falzfeini-fulvipectus-hermonensis-arianus).] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (5 - 6): 37 - 56 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1997">Zagorodnyuk et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); and even recognition of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5982E8384E5A0B1B41BCDA2620A63C69" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B81E2B8FB59451AF372E4D90E71ED18F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B32C09D23C082105B90C3CBD9BB95D6D" authorityName="Dukelski" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Alsomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1085CB71897AC4F75F240939E31857A3" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Alsomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDBAD0A05ECF8681D0ECAC18B2CBE01E" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8E40432F0DFCEF3833BA978D69D30A57" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as genera (with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0227956CAFFDB0F2A8AD7ED80B12E05" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="31DCC29D1646A192758412CA4C16A8D5" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a subgenus of the latter) has been advocated (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D8BB2DB8A65271279A1833D17AB1A26C" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
|
|
Mezhzherin, 1997
|
|
<emphasis id="1D59354471997EB75DF86571ECC17B49" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="457910C8BDDC3CC13E6A67D230E9240E" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya & E. L. Yakhontov & A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
|
|
Pavlinov et al. (1995
|
|
<emphasis id="C648349E0BEFAF2F9AB4739DDDD896C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4A22BF4898DCDC257589A22F03C64663" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. & O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277859" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1998. [Systematics of mammals of the USSR. Addenda. M.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 38: 190 pp. (in Russian)." year="1998">Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
listed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="527EBE2A88257DBA170C855A020D9C1B" authorityName="Dukelski" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Alsomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="561AE06B91F0B9E3400BA5D87C592749" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Alsomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87AD22E7E1129217DFCF58EECF039D57" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9D7BDBB3C958AA0F30616C1D3386ACD" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF7B677A469C8F6BA60122FFABF3285B" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="326368ADD3236D879F45C401DC6C5A8D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a subgenus of genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C11A86EA9480853BF930246B57F2C6E" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4F0AB7F16457EBB86981EA5D8CEA37DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Phylogenetic analysis of complete mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="1C13EC8FB1EE029C339123FCF6EB53E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
sequences identified
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6AF201EF20934504B64A709A9EF099BC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="F765AB92CBE32493F330F71233EF72B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. agrarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07CB233E9C1530166C0466C7891E320E" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EDA5CA85E30ACF0150E9428EB6471AF0" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C646F09C7CEA4ECDE66401BEF4195FC8" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="BA496AE0ECE746F280EF5D951826FD4F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. uralensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F026712125E86C792706D20815CCF7E1" authorityName="Melchior" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="85847BE74CEC3AC50BBFCDBF7C785FEA" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="49B9FC1E80464A7D879998907D22167D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="430F7D8C596A9CB148C62F7F1C072281" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6C2D469A50188066889BCA70945C94C" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
|
|
<emphasis id="252D4A513CF606FDA17F4B25A7A8829C" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. alpicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a monophyletic clade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="56810C2952446EC3E7DAEF8A9F001B9B" author="Martin, Y. & G. Gerlach & C. Schlotterer & A. Meyer" refId="ref227687" refString="Martin, Y., G. Gerlach, C. Schlotterer, and A. Meyer. 2000. Molecular phylogenyof European muroid rodents based on complete cytochrome b sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16 (1): 37 - 47." year="2000">Martin et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); the latter four form a monophyletic subgroup (subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DCF77E5D02DEEC083AD681E725C9B13" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EF6DC140670660494FBD5851BE7D3F2D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0B7D0EBFD72CC7B41A42E004EEB3BD13" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="1511647C78FE43392E0520E2D57F1CE6" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. agrarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B8D92518DDBB9530CD1868E723AB1CDB" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="771664045F06E26B5D3F0BA693E51599" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDD28ADB8E859BF85442E90DDDA008B7" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="463D178B0E43BE85F71E1653D616AE31" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9FE87B70E54D136F154ECA5142E50147" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="05A49DAC346B89B1C0F86D9F3F36082F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) fall outside that cluster, a pattern taxonomically interpreted by employing three subgenera (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C6B2288A6CEE4A1E6363DCB47C1E8D26" author="Martin, Y. & G. Gerlach & C. Schlotterer & A. Meyer" refId="ref227687" refString="Martin, Y., G. Gerlach, C. Schlotterer, and A. Meyer. 2000. Molecular phylogenyof European muroid rodents based on complete cytochrome b sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16 (1): 37 - 47." year="2000">Martin et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). But Martin et al. also noted that the genetic distances of species in subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A03B7DAD2E9F8243EF27F0AC3A935ADA" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EAC031C4FEBD0100D708A1727F8E44B6" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AFF52281BFA601C0169DAE18B746177" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="DFC5CD2F00D3595A943B6A853C47B88B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. agrarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9E55624043FB2938E52F7A0497591D12" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3DDDD3CB2DDE1B0C8F0295F3D3494198" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was of the same magnitude as the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="12A804C4868AB6D6D454236C0D6181B2" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="ECACDEF1C943EC225FEBF2940C37C7DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
cluster was to other murine genera sampled (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="563BB55AC6B5C3C9AD10A089CD3A6840" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Micromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F50035442DA6D7090ACF0B0D25C894CE" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Micromys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30CF720F900B8B2835CB9D697A8446FF" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BCC3210A4BD610304FED0F089506B59D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Mus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C29B4BF20E2219C56AAEA37121B0253F" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="126F21F1CD2C1AACDE4A8CF93A2F0DE4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81A5F5DF7BFA59AB6D3AAD82D3A6AE5A" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Acomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6A8EA75D752710E5D148554C540199F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Acomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Results from analyses of combined nuclear
|
|
<collectionCode id="C578FBB1DAA8F4E6E410CBDF7B1F9F6F">IRBP</collectionCode>
|
|
and mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="12C83440897E84E785F7EF2C82669E93" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
and 12S rRNA sequences indicated
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8284EA9F0CA5E6A5EC6C0AE863CC93FE" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D366BA406D9BFCBD1698FD92CCDBB667" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be monophyletic and consisting of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBEFC8F3CCCF7514F4115388ACAF774F" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="AE3D125041EC9560339E5438F4EAAC26" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5D5C4A304BB677DA1D00BA700276810" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">
|
|
<emphasis id="52F4B3A4B214F0DCF412E1237C2F20E3" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. semotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9BED83FA0BDA5A2F37474D62824FF6D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
|
|
<emphasis id="A69D3264D0B3EA882FE540702937CCB9" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. peninsulae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6C68DCD0F062116788F69E28B1658E58" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="92019C1864D8BCE158F666879A1CFA6D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. agrarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D2FDE40C0C3648892C53A8587A8AF40B" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5B10EBD56912633919ECCC31ABD88D4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4FE72326EF3C1D5ABECA479D53CE89D2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49F4C0576BE12665B29A7F684247FA2A" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F6AC0CA74679976A52367D42BF20547" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
|
|
<emphasis id="1AACD96CDBBD30F18DF74AEBBB231D9D" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. alpicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="324448AF073215352669C8CAE8538483" authorityName="Melchior" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="443D655AAB0D5C8A59B59DD69C8542B7" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) groups, with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF0DD5C5CBC83B25D77AD3B9A8CB4095" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6EBED23622B3279DFC10FBD8DD8FFEF4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
being related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E61EA9F5E080ACEBFE931268212DF205" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="89E6AA432C0BE76B206B85BC7E68C12B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although with weak support and possibly forming a third group,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D1E4CFF5D074210C91B120B310FD293" authority="(Michaux et al., 2002 a)" baseAuthorityName="Michaux" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D5DBFDCFD582D7F9B7B7996802B0129C" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Karstomys</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="486A363FDE011000324D2EB5DBB60E4E" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al., 2002
|
|
<emphasis id="D864003E5728A0ACB5DD9F83C7F19270" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Using morphological and published genetic information,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9D93F70A9D06F8B136D0B39D43DF6624" author="Musser, G. G. & E. M. Brothers & M. D. Carleton & R. Hutterer" refId="ref253260" refString="Musser, G. G., E. M. Brothers, M. D. Carleton, and R. Hutterer. 1996. Taxonomy and distributional records of Oriental and European Apodemus, with a review of the Apodemus-Sylvaemus problem. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 46 (1 - 4): 143 - 190." year="1996">Musser et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
defined three groups into which the species discussed in the accounts that follow are allocated:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD0DB2695BE7FFC3983928E1E44DEC80" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A8BDC91866E04181898EDC621FE0A551" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Group (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED5DA7B595B41B37F77B64E05A13AE80" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
|
|
<emphasis id="34B69D5B3E052213483980F18C5DABEA" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. agrarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94FAAD17486B063369080F38D5C357D0" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chevrieri">
|
|
<emphasis id="21D8C06B4CB828FD4C0F47B8797F546E" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. chevrieri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A18A99DCD02BB225FB156F6415263E6B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5B88F523929573D0E4EA1315825447B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. speciosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A21493C527ECDCA02BE00C6B53D21643" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
|
|
<emphasis id="C0B8943A738B609D5C40D20D09DEE9FA" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. peninsulae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3F3122E132C852CACAACBFA14DA98B4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latronum">
|
|
<emphasis id="DECE534359821F61A1A66D1D2514BAD1" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. latronum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="18F749726CC7274051322F449C0116B4" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="draco">
|
|
<emphasis id="822ACD2A9E448EA3E77541F8B6D08C81" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. draco</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F0D75DB02E39109AC20D64C192543825" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">
|
|
<emphasis id="23C217666EBF2C2C522730ACCD8BF610" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. semotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6877B6542B05043DD9FC417F2D3B41DC" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A61CF49E93673FAE5F0951EC46D9DFCA" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Group (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FE40A3CE9CEA0DDA3D6FBA5D3BFE87F3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6EEC0BB3A3978AAFDC318AA30FE57DCB" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38116AE25D662CAAEDF222DBDB5205BC" authorityName="Melchior" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="FC4B36B438A1518D9B24F0E14707F354" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2798237486A93FE3E36C507C9B4F7741" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uralensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="C2A46677F0ED835F2A435F7172FAC654" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. uralensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5CE63D3B31DA276985F25E2BA2179CD6" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F0AEC2B8FDCB03AC758434AC52671BB8" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1282BF406D199AC76F861FC8BA2EBD87" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="4EEE01E5E8DEBE2C0B2780419CD26E5F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02177198EA425AAAF516F946577038B8" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpicola">
|
|
<emphasis id="D0AF6F0F383D3A15E548D30B6C2913CE" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. alpicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BEC6B133CCB3ACF4BD08BBB9B08EC67" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="witherbyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="946FB7969AADD7AA059F7B3EEC716AF7" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. witherbyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FB33F898FC196B0F23E59E9D5FEC4862" authorityName="Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcanicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="021A658F4F96C003E4BE36655D5E02B3" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. hyrcanicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21891F0EA9EFC38BC6456ABF479DD815" authorityName="Sviridenko" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6DA7DEFE9099D450B2974A1367CC5ECA" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. ponticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC336BFACEDF9D283EF3D3D5352BE5B9" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusiges">
|
|
<emphasis id="24DFDD51DCDE9709AA36833D4761439B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. rusiges</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="95EA644758D7ECE3E1F52C83A2C79B13" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="176F93D528901EC946D8D3944EE099C8" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. pallipes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2052A3DCEA2FEDA784FAD854C458AD08" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
|
|
<emphasis id="588926F11D0E9FCEFCDE235EDBDE0C79" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. argenteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the sole member of the third group. The partitioning has generally been corroborated by analyses of protein electrophoretic results (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4D8A2487884FD818E1094CAA5AA54D4C" author="Filippucci, M. G. & M. Macholan & J. R. Michaux" refId="ref101831" refString="Filippucci, M. G., M. Macholan, and J. R. Michaux. 2002. Genetic variation and evolution in the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75: 395 - 419." year="2002">Filippucci et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (Chelomina, 1998;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EE98CFE1DE988A146F681990497FD594" author="Chelomina, G. N. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya & K. Moriwaki & E. A. Lyapunova & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59233" refString="Chelomina, G. N., H. Suzuki, K. Tsuchiya, K. Moriwaki, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 b. [Sequencing of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and reconstruction of the maternal relationships of wood and field mice of the genus Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia).] Genetica, 34 (5): 650 - 661 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
|
|
Chelomina et al., 1998
|
|
<emphasis id="91B3A976C8CFFE59354475A3E4F17E15" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="917023CC08FAFF758EA61BE7B4FCB26C" author="Liu, X. & F. Wei & M. Li & X. Jiang & Z. Feng & J. Hu" refId="ref215103" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, X. Jiang, Z. Feng, and J. Hu. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 1 - 15." year="2004">Liu et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="80CE0658F29E1A5E5A7CC10ABA3B8287" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al., 2002
|
|
<emphasis id="1E87904858022961AE98ABB3EB835082" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F77B63A3B5C3E5FEF47F7FF751E32C5F" author="Serizawa, K. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref323880" refString="Serizawa, K., H. Suzuki, and K. Tsuchiya. 2000. A phylogenetic view on species radiation in Apodemus inferred from variation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Biochemical Genetics, 38 (1 / 2): 27 - 40." year="2000">Serizawa et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A7595D79F80B7AE362E91FF2EEA43856" author="Liu, X. & F. Wei & M. Li & X. Jiang & Z. Feng & J. Hu" refId="ref215103" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, X. Jiang, Z. Feng, and J. Hu. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 1 - 15." year="2004">Liu et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EC35375DEA210E5F2D264BFF2B80D4A4" author="Serizawa, K. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref323880" refString="Serizawa, K., H. Suzuki, and K. Tsuchiya. 2000. A phylogenetic view on species radiation in Apodemus inferred from variation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Biochemical Genetics, 38 (1 / 2): 27 - 40." year="2000">Serizawa et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
diverged from this phyletic trichotomy by isolating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D05BABE571E1A1AE1C437E0477E430B6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gurkha">
|
|
<emphasis id="F181702EB15FB25B12940C4740E64752" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">A. gurkha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the sole member of a fourth group, which we recognize here, along with the other three groups, and at the same time abandon subgeneric designations. These studies underline the cladistic diversity within what is now called
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5CBCB1E81C0E871123FDB3BC264CFF5B" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="922EE4961CC3341483DE31DA3C4E7B74" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, identify at least four monophyletic groups, and undermine past efforts to cram all species into either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2B8261D6645214C5C72308A9E79596CE" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7D46B1856B779FC823962AF235D07135" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B6CF9BF55495BDF1EA9E594081AE60E" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EF878E21744474FD12A36669D88AE2C4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which besides being a futile endeavor does not reflect phylogenetic reality.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AC65887117C23DDD3EF77D06A4923A79" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Examples of morphological, chromosomal, and molecular inquires bearing on systematics of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71780CC17A00E239E8ED680A93123DD9" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A1DC9E4B6B7266FC613B08E447600991" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are (also consult those references cited in species accounts): phallic comparisons among European (Williams et al., 1980) and Chinese (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4D8C999E812340AC386ECE6DE45DD862" author="Liu, S. & J. Ran & Q. Lin" refId="ref214993" refString="Liu, S., J. Ran, and Q. Lin. 2000. [Morphology and taxonomic significance of the glans penis of Apodemus from Sichuan and Chongquing, China.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 20 (1): 48 - 57 (in Chinese with English abstract)." year="2000">Liu et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8271B1662A6FBAE6BAD72F0E21A4AC4D" author="Yang An-feng & Fang Li-xiang" refId="ref397903" refString="Yang An-feng and Fang Li-xiang. 1988. [Phallic morphology of 13 species of the family Muridae from China, with comments on its taxonomic significance.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 8: 275 - 287 (in Chinese with English summary)." year="1988">Yang and Fang, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) species; taxonomic differences in testes size among European species (Kratochvíl, 1971); comparative chromosomal studies among European (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="834DC6E9ECB592F4B78575DCD5F37921" author="Bekasova, T. S. & N. N. Vorontsov & K. V. Korobitsyna & V. P. Korablev" refId="ref26100" refString="Bekasova, T. S., N. N. Vorontsov, K. V. Korobitsyna, and V. P. Korablev. 1980. B-chromosomes and comparative karyology of the mice of the genus Apodemus. Genetica, 52 / 53: 33 - 43." year="1980">Bekasova et al., 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="552D1E20A373B8F25AFC83148B175C9D" author="Soldatovic, B. & P. Seth & H. Reichstein & M. Tolksdorf" refId="ref335102" refString="Soldatovic, B., P. Seth, H. Reichstein, and M. Tolksdorf. 1975. Comparative karyological study of the genus Apodemus (Kaup, 1829). Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), 25: 1 - 10." year="1975">Soldatovic et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="22BB59BAC438E6C9BABFC515C1E0AF8D" author="Vujosevic, M. & D. Rimsa & S. Zivkovic" refId="ref379490" refString="Vujosevic, M., D. Rimsa, and S. Zivkovic. 1984. Patterns of G- and C-bands distribution on chromosomes of three Apodemus species. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 49: 234 - 238." year="1984">Vujosevic et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E73B232DE75427F5EFA51392F688987D" author="Zima, J. & M. Macholan & B. Krystufek & S. Petkovski" refId="ref407558" refString="Zima, J., M. Macholan, B. Krystufek and S. Petkovski. 1997 a. Karyotypes of certain small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) from Macedonia. Scopolia, 38: 1 - 15." year="1997">
|
|
Zima et al., 1997
|
|
<emphasis id="62FFFA8C1C8FAED3EB8B8280C7AC0121" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and Japanese (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="68118E101FD414B53EA71ECDF1AD3FDA" author="Tsuchiya, K." refId="ref360189" refString="Tsuchiya, K. 1981. [On the chromosome variations in Japanese cricetid and murid rodents]. Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science), 42: 51 - 58 (in Japanese, with English abstract)." year="1981">Tsuchiya, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) species; presence or absence of B chromosomes and their possible biological and taxonomic significance (Zima and Macholán, 1995); electrophoretic variations of allozymes among a variety of species in systematic context (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="79AA882C08EE4911080D31034C28FBBA" author="Darviche, D. & F. Benmehdi & J. Britton-Davidian & L. Thaler" refId="ref73951" refString="Darviche, D., F. Benmehdi, J. Britton-Davidian, and L. Thaler. 1979. Donnees preliminaires sur la systematique biochimique des genres Mus et Apodemus en Iran. Mammalia, 43: 427 - 430." year="1979">Darviche et al., 1979</bibRefCitation>
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, and references therein;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="94D7AAE5514275858129F735D23BB283" author="Filippucci, M. G." refId="ref100706" refString="Filippucci, M. G. 1992. Allozyme variation and divergence among European, Middle Eastern, and North African species of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 38: 193 - 218." year="1992">Filippucci, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="91F2EDF17689A43CD125A5EFC0DE8525" author="Filippucci, M. G. & M. Macholan & J. R. Michaux" refId="ref101831" refString="Filippucci, M. G., M. Macholan, and J. R. Michaux. 2002. Genetic variation and evolution in the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75: 395 - 419." year="2002">Filippucci et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F7510E7C569DF319057A15CCAE2D8AB2" author="Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S. E. & B. P. Chondropoulos & J. J. Lykakis & J. C. Ondrias" refId="ref107783" refString="Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S. E., B. P. Chondropoulos, J. J. Lykakis, and J. C. Ondrias. 1983. Taxonomic problems of woodmice, Apodemus ssp., of Greece approached by electrophoretic and immunological methods. Mammalia, 47: 333 - 337." year="1983">Fraguedakis-Tsolis et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A8ECF92A34F81007771D62BD4C2C087A" author="Gemmeke, H." refId="ref116376" refString="Gemmeke, H. 1980. Proteinvariation und Taxonomie in der Gattung Apodemus (Mammalia, Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 45: 348 - 365." year="1980">Gemmeke, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF35289FD60C3A51A584306A1B7C1AF3" author="Gill, A. & B. Petrov & S. Zivkovic & D. Rimsa" refId="ref121229" refString="Gill, A., B. Petrov, S. Zivkovic, and D. Rimsa. 1987. Biochemical comparisons in Yugoslavian rodents of the families Arvicolidae and Muridae. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 52: 247 - 256." year="1987">Gill et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
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|
; Macholán et al., 2001
|
|
<emphasis id="5309411595BAF65D4E478A68601D1473" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
; Mezhzherin et al., 1992;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BB85B5775C1968EF40F4F52D91AA3522" author="Verimli, R. & E. Colak & N. Yigit & M. Sozen" refId="ref370665" refString="Verimli, R., E. Colak, N. Yigit, and M. Sozen. 2001. Blood serum proteins of Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus hermonensis (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, 25 (1): 89 - 92." year="2001">Verimli et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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|
); electrophoretic, karyological, and morphological distinctions among several species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C8A1C7D7A35A7B0C19DA94732D293540" author="Britton-Davidian, J. & M. Vahdat & F. Benmehdi & P. Gros & V. Nance & H. Croset & S. Guerassimov & C. Triantaphyllidis" refId="ref42399" refString="Britton-Davidian, J., M. Vahdat, F. Benmehdi, P. Gros, V. Nance, H. Croset, S. Guerassimov, and C. Triantaphyllidis. 1991. Genetic differentiation in four species of Apodemus from southern Europe: A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. agrarius and A. mystacinus (Muridae, Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 56: 25 - 33." year="1991">Britton-Davidian et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B6373601F5BC0542EF0A20916F320ECD" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
|
|
Mezhzherin, 1997
|
|
<emphasis id="030D772BF4DB31A2E4181DE34A2B750F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="86595E9610696337A12DD34CBA133360" author="Vorontsov, N. N. & S. V. Mezhzherin & G. G. Boeskorov & E. A. Lyapunova" refId="ref378081" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., S. V. Mezhzherin, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. A. Lyapunova. 1989. [Genetic differentiation of sibling species of wood mice (Apodemus) in the Caucasia and their diagnostics.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 309: 1234 - 1238 (in Russian)." year="1989">Vorontsov et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); differences in restriction endonuclease of nuclear DNA used to assess relationships among three Austrian species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F44EB8749FE832A125BB2BB2A0A6F4D2" author="Csaikl, F. & M. Habernig & U. Csaikl" refId="ref71558" refString="Csaikl, F., M. Habernig, and U. Csaikl. 1990. A comparative restriction endonuclease analysis of nuclear DNA from Austrian Apodemus species: Intraspecific variability in middle repetitive DNA families contrasts isoenzyme data. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 55: 55 - 59." year="1990">Csaikl et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and determine genetic distances and reconstruct phylogenetic tree for six species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F44A2551899041F2B046A6F749F81499" author="Chelomina, G. N." refId="ref58923" refString="Chelomina, G. N. 1993 a. [Divergence of two families of the repeated DNA in wood and field mice of the genus Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia)]. Genetika, 29 (7): 1163 - 1171 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1993">
|
|
Chelomina, 1993
|
|
<emphasis id="B495611F68E4940D0AA5F412A9100A1C" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="2BB9A17D2148D9E769ABA8543ABDDDED" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
); evolution of microsatellite alleles in four species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4BE2CF7F938E4A0BECF7B9712A619573" author="Makova, K. D. & A. Nekrutenko & R. J. Baker" refId="ref222785" refString="Makova, K. D., A. Nekrutenko, and R. J. Baker. 2000. Evolution of microsatellite alleles in four species of mice (genus Apodemus). Journal of Molecular Evolution, 51: 166 - 172." year="2000">Makova et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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|
); DNA-DNA hybridization results from analyses of three species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9B483E933ED67FD0D38183F17990ADB8" author="Catzeflis, F. M." refId="ref54716" refString="Catzeflis, F. M. 1990. DNA hybridization as a guide to phylogenies: Raw data in muroid rodents. Pp. 317 - 345, in Evolution of subterranean mammals at the organismal and molecular levels. Proceedings of the Fifth International Theriological Congress, held in Rome, Italy, August 22 - 29, 1989 (E. Nevo and O. A. Reig, eds.). Wiley-Liss, New York, 422 pp." year="1990">Catzeflis, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5FA459BAF09427828DE541117B4669EB" author="Catzeflis, F. M. & F. H. Sheldon & J. E. Ahlquist & C. G. Sibley" refId="ref55125" refString="Catzeflis, F. M., F. H. Sheldon, J. E. Ahlquist, and C. G. Sibley. 1987. DNA-DNA hybridization evidence of the rapid rate of muroid rodent DNA evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4: 242 - 253." year="1987">Catzeflis et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); evolutionary classification of European members of subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AF075417789E9AB1393E351FB5F9E70" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FB8D8114935BBD5C2E62660B7312BDCC" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on allozymic and chromosomal data (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F1F4205DB1AD91E2AD28D33E6D2286A" author="Orlov, V. N. & N. Sh. Bulatova & R. S. Nadjafova & A. I. Kozlovsky" refId="ref267665" refString="Orlov, V. N., N. Sh. Bulatova, R. S. Nadjafova, and A. I. Kozlovsky. 1996 a. Evolutionary classification of European wood mice of the subgenus Sylvaemus based on allozyme and chromosome data. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 46 (1 - 4): 191 - 202." year="1996">
|
|
Orlov et al., 1996
|
|
<emphasis id="3FF40A8F7BEF3ACE0D6C80E32BEAF16F" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="48200F8CADD4456331B4C45622AD809B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
); relationships among EuroCaucasian and Asian species as assessed by mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="0D60C04A7021F21EDAFA4C0F1270F6E4" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
sequences (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2F684A05704F124357827B4177799852" author="Chelomina, G. N. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya & K. Moriwaki & E. A. Lyapunova & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59233" refString="Chelomina, G. N., H. Suzuki, K. Tsuchiya, K. Moriwaki, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 b. [Sequencing of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and reconstruction of the maternal relationships of wood and field mice of the genus Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia).] Genetica, 34 (5): 650 - 661 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
|
|
Chelomina et al., 1998
|
|
<emphasis id="7203BA69E95EECE852F4664B57EDF693" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), restriction analysis of total nuclear DNA (Chelomina, 1998), and a combination of cranial morphometrics, genotypic and allele frequencies of allozymes, and typing of mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="2C6BD664D702404F0C42587FB2C2351B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
restriction fragment patterns and sequences (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4FD7D3628A1907482949DF7AF6614EEF" author="Hille, A. & D. Tarkhnishvili & H. Meinig & R. Hutterer" refId="ref153442" refString="Hille, A., D. Tarkhnishvili, H. Meinig, and R. Hutterer. 2002. Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice (Apodemus / Sylvaemus), with remarks on species divergence. Acta Theriologica, 47 (4): 389 - 416." year="2002">Hille et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); analyses of mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="F297869E9AD015ED329ADDC6E5D1ACA5" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
divergence among western European species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="206E865FDF586291134E58D2DCB7585A" author="Reutter, B. A. & E. Petit & H. Brunner & P. Vogel" refId="ref302963" refString="Reutter, B. A., E. Petit, H. Brunner, and P. Vogel. 2003. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus. Mammalian Biology, 68: 153 - 164." year="2003">Reutter et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); isozymic, chromosomal, and molecular divergence among Caucasian species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B74E2A69CE55C64D811A68B203126117" author="Chelomina, G. N. & M. V. Pavlenko & I. V. Kartavtseva & G. G. Boeskorov & E. A. Lyapunova & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref59156" refString="Chelomina, G. N., M. V. Pavlenko, I. V. Kartavtseva, G. G. Boeskorov, E. A. Lyapunova, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1998 a. [Genetic differentiation of Caucasian wood mice: Comparison of isozymic, chromosomal and molecular divergence.] Genetika, 34 (2): 213 - 225 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1998">
|
|
Chelomina, 1998
|
|
<emphasis id="F2BF4E477A0D1ABAAFE8DDEAAEADE7A2" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); differentiation of ribosomal DNA restriction sites among seven species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F67C622BFFCB721832F35822B15537D4" author="Suzuki, H. & K. Tsuchiya & M. Sakaizumi & S. Wakana & O. Gotoh & N. Saitou & K. Moriwaki & S. Sakurai" refId="ref344518" refString="Suzuki, H., K. Tsuchiya, M. Sakaizumi, S. Wakana, O. Gotoh, N. Saitou, K. Moriwaki, and S. Sakurai. 1990. Differentiation of restriction sites in ribosomal DNA in the genus Apodemus. Biochemical Genetics, 28 (3 / 4): 137 - 149." year="1990">Suzuki et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); reconstructing evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships among eastern Asian species derived from mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="E5D4B16DC49F9FBFAE4A2B0CCA624C6A" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
and nuclear
|
|
<collectionCode id="D5EF5431DE5BB6431F98BCBBBF93E0BD">IRBP</collectionCode>
|
|
sequences (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C01B0BDE7E9634C652FC0A0C89D6F9B" author="Serizawa, K. & H. Suzuki & K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref323880" refString="Serizawa, K., H. Suzuki, and K. Tsuchiya. 2000. A phylogenetic view on species radiation in Apodemus inferred from variation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Biochemical Genetics, 38 (1 / 2): 27 - 40." year="2000">Serizawa et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="76B078ECB4EAA3DDFFF94E3DAEE3DC19" author="Suzuki, H. & J. J. Sato & K. Tsuchiya & J. Luo & Y. - P. Zhang & Y. - X. Wang & X. - L. Jiang" refId="ref345051" refString="Suzuki, H., J. J. Sato, K. Tsuchiya, J. Luo, Y. - P. Zhang, Y. - X. Wang, and X. - L. Jiang. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of wood mice (Apodemus, Muridae) in East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80: 469 - 481." year="2003">Suzuki et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; also see accounts of species); phylogeny and taxonomy of 15 species emphasizing Chinese species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="52311AB8CD39411F8934B7BA1A757ACB" author="Liu, X. & F. Wei & M. Li & X. Jiang & Z. Feng & J. Hu" refId="ref215103" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, X. Jiang, Z. Feng, and J. Hu. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 1 - 15." year="2004">Liu et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); and phylogeny of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E895D61C1060633A22BDD211494582D3" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="10EC02EB7C7D64DAEB290B36841F3850" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
focusing on subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BBFAAB204DBBD43DF479E477C8E14AD" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5AF9A020001838A5C3D2F265986C8ABE" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
using nuclear
|
|
<collectionCode id="03D3C295AEB2D17D9FD2EE70021E4093">IRBP</collectionCode>
|
|
gene sequences and cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="34567D9D2C943DA0C04618CA0E14FA2E" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">b</emphasis>
|
|
and 12S rRNA mitochondrial markers (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD1CEE73991F90C75673F8B5D96E1D3A" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al., 2002
|
|
<emphasis id="6DFC632966FCB224853A886303DC2E2C" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The inconsistency of molecular evolutionary rates affecting allozyme divergence within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E975E69ED0EAE63C42F58B563B60C57" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="466FD8CBFDCE8DE0826ED41458A822A6" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is illuminated in an intelligent discussion by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B436A036F68A000D8931913737BDD18A" author="Hartl, G. B. & F. Suchentrunk & R. Willing & J. Markowski & H. Ansorge" refId="ref141959" refString="Hartl, G. B., F. Suchentrunk, R. Willing, J. Markowski, and H. Ansorge. 1992. Inconsistency of biochemical evolutionary rates affecting allozyme divergence within the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Mammalia). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 20 (4): 363 - 372." year="1992">Hartl et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E2C191C55E8224CB66D3E9EB81C2CA30" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Numerous taxonomic provincial studies described morphological and other distinctions among sympatric or allopatric species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="90B98F9992C0DC14B7AF9874F6C4D17E" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="222915AEACF244CE60345945D9473E15" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; examples are a study of five species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="41C2E4DFA289A5843495C34592682026" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0E2459835F65A5BCB3BEED23B471980C" author="Popov, V. V." refId="ref291652" refString="Popov, V. V. 1981. Age-dependent and specific peculiarities of the correlations among the morphological features of sympatric populations of species of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829 (Rodentia, Mammalia). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 17: 38 - 51." year="1981">Popov, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); four species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="1CC90EE54121A6DBB3A5F6EB21B23217" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9B243A547D803592A19F1D534D636D9F" author="Feiler, A. & B. Tegegn" refId="ref99102" refString="Feiler, A., and B. Tegegn. 1998. Zur innerartlichen variation und artabgrenzung bei Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834), A. sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. agrarius (Pallas, 1771) und A. uralensis (Pallas, 1811) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 50 (1): 133 - 141." year="1998">Feiler and Tegegn, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), lower Danube River region (Fedorchenko and Zagorodniuk, 1994),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="65F1A2C8CAF353EC9626ED945DACAC09" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Todorovi et al., 1974), W
|
|
<collectingCountry id="96428ADD4F449DCE315DFB73F06B1F8A" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Filippucci et al. 1996), E
|
|
<collectingCountry id="53086E5F6EDA60C4D2B065370372B056" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
, W
|
|
<collectingCountry id="8CF716A13CDAB079EF776D93886ACEB2" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and N
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9DDDB2AD0A21BE375513665CAE7A8D32" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="ECA0DDEBA118C04FA238BB6CC65C1400" author="Frynta, D. & P. Mikulova & E. Suchomelova & J. Sadlova" refId="ref110234" refString="Frynta, D., P. Mikulova, E. Suchomelova, and J. Sadlova. 2001. Discriminant analysis of morphometric characters in four species of Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia) from eastern Turkey and Iran. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 243 - 258." year="2001">Frynta et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); three species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="2371497AF903DE542F0AAE161E47F0CE" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="90AE0B1F5175E136E10D28BFF7634A5F" author="Ruprecht, A. L." refId="ref312639" refString="Ruprecht, A. L. 1979. Kryteria identyfikacji gatunkowej podrodzaju Sylvaemus Ognev and Vorobiev, 1923 (Rodentia: Muridae). Przeglad Zoologiczny, 23: 340 - 349." year="1979">Ruprecht, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the Baltic region (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FDC53B0BF9239704CB0057A95BCB59D8" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. & S. V. Mezhzherin" refId="ref403691" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V., and S. V. Mezhzherin. 1992. [Diagnostics and distributions of Terricola and Sylvaemus in Baltic Region.] Pp. 70 - 80, in Proceedings of the first Baltic Theriological Conference (A. Kirk, A. Miljutin, and T. Randveer eds.). Tartu Ulikool Toimetised (= Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis), no. 955: 254 pp. (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Zagorodnyuk and Mezhzherin, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and Daghestan (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6350543B81C60B7E3C3AF654D229F2A7" author="Lavrenchenko, L. A. & O. P. Likhnova" refId="ref206131" refString="Lavrenchenko, L. A., and O. P. Likhnova. 1995. [Allozymic and morphological variability in three syntopic species of wood mice from the subgenus Sylvaemus (Rodentia, Muridae, Apodemus) from Daghestan.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 74 (5): 107 - 119 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="1995">Lavrenchenko and Likhnova, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); and two species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="D617C630517EDF55FD1411F014E2DB5A" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E3CED3DB8D97FA2B36BB20D2BB58582D" author="Koh, H. S." refId="ref191723" refString="Koh, H. S. 1988. Systematic studies of Korean rodents: IV. Morphometric and chromosomal analyses of two species of the genus Apodemus. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 4: 103 - 120." year="1988">Koh, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C5BAA179DEF33BE82DBDB7E96D1BC32B" author="Park, N. S. & S. S. Lee & H. S. Koh" refId="ref273457" refString="Park, N. S., S. S. Lee, and H. S. Koh. 1990. Systematic studies on Korean rodents: VII. Immunological analyses of serum proteins of seven species. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 6: 165 - 172." year="1990">Park et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F869F55868A23A48865A19103B1BB2C1" author="Vorontsov, N. N. & S. V. Mezhzherin & G. G. Boeskorov & E. A. Lyapunova" refId="ref378081" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., S. V. Mezhzherin, G. G. Boeskorov, and E. A. Lyapunova. 1989. [Genetic differentiation of sibling species of wood mice (Apodemus) in the Caucasia and their diagnostics.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 309: 1234 - 1238 (in Russian)." year="1989">Vorontsov et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described the presence of at least five species in the Caucasus, some of which at the time were distinguished only by biochemical traits;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E2830C6973ADB309CA303B6C2F439E16" author="Vorontsov, N. N. & G. G. Boyeskorov & S. V. Mezhzherin & E. A. Lyapunova & A. S. Kandaurov" refId="ref378144" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., G. G. Boyeskorov, S. V. Mezhzherin, E. A. Lyapunova, and A. S. Kandaurov. 1992. [Systematics of the Caucasian wood mice of the subgenus Sylvaemus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Apodemus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71: 119 - 131 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1992">Vorontsov et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recently identified and defined four species from there, and Mezhzherin et al. (1992) compared the Trancaucasian assemblage with European species using morphology and allozymic data.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CFEBE06E41F041132CE824D2E8C019B4" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349433" refString="Tchernov, E. 1979. Polymorphism, size trends and Pleistocene paleoclimatic response of the subgenus Sylvaemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 28: 131 - 159." year="1979">Tchernov (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7D1ABDD896C595B171DE4124FF1F0D06" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349615" refString="Tchernov, E. 1994. New comments on the biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of the Southern Levant. Pp. 333 - 350, in Late Quaternary chronology and paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean (O. Bar-Yosef and R. S. Kra, eds.). Radiocarbon, 1994, 371 pp." year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) reported on polymorphism, size trends and Pleistocene paleoclimatic responses of three Israeli species in an evolutionary context. Geographic ranges of various Palaearctic species mapped by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2E4A5C5699682A0FF3566583B550057F" author="Panteleyev, P. A." refId="ref272131" refString="Panteleyev, P. A. 1998. [The rodents of the Palaearctic fauna: Composition and areas]. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 116 pp. (in Russian with partial English translations)." year="1998">Panteleyev (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Palaearctic species reviewed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7901124696FD762988F0302CBE960E52" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
|
Corbet (1978
|
|
<emphasis id="3B16830564BCF0A0704CF4E22CF90C4A" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">c</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="66CFD65E445267AE4F5105065595B4CC" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67665" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1984. The mammals of the Palearctic region: A taxonomic review. Supplement. British Museum (Natural History), London, 45 pp." year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E049065041C2E888DF2A1E25EC120AAC" author="Kobayashi, T." refId="ref189736" refString="Kobayashi, T. 1985. Taxonomical problems in the genus Apodemus. Pp. 80 - 82, in Contemporary mammalogy in China and Japan (T. Kawamichi, ed.). Mammalogical Society of Japan, 194 pp." year="1985">Kobayashi (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, N Eurasian by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5F9F5435CDE1C210561B06DB4821891C" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
|
|
Mezhzherin (1997
|
|
<emphasis id="D8B989FCCF0BEF8DAD83F03B5C055CA5" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">a</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and Chinese by Xia (l984, 1985).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C253D00DC5C50F16B01C5F12F9B9B012" author="Liu, X. & F. Wei & M. Li & Z. Feng" refId="ref215048" refString="Liu, X., F. Wei, M. Li, and Z. Feng. 2002. [A review of the phylogenetic study on the genus Apodemus of China.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 22 (1): 46 - 52 (in Chinese with English abstract)." year="2002">Liu et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
provided review of taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships among the Chinese species they recognize.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="80712954415FE71C19C57696606DB7E8" pageNumber="1259">
|
|
Evolutionary history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29C67510C45B6136F8A382619AEFAA4C" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DE934A804C4098D9D61741AB37213483" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is documented back to late Pliocene in NW
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A34D0CB05AFA761F4D43787C1A59BD" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Kotlia, 1992), early Pliocene in S and N
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5E72F2E655C5229672F9F092ACFB3088" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B1F4BD9B4C21BC505461F3FDB2011F47" author="Cai, B. & Z. Qiu" refId="ref48975" refString="Cai, B., and Z. Qiu. 1993. [Murid rodents from the Late Pliocene of Yangquan and Yuxian, Hebei.] Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 31 (4): 267 - 293 (in Chinese with English summary)." year="1993">Cai and Qiu, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="83D4CA5FB27C4BC864E712732BCCAF14" author="Qiu, Z. - D. & G. Storch" refId="ref294284" refString="Qiu, Z. - D., and G. Storch. 2000. The early Pliocene micromammalian fauna of Bilike, Inner Mongolia, China (Mammalia: Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Lagomorpha). Senckenbergianaa Lethaea, 80 (1): 173 - 229." year="2000">Qiu and Storch, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A02B42908A442D6B54217670030BC0CC" author="Wu, W. & L. J. Flynn" refId="ref395795" refString="Wu, W., and L. J. Flynn. 1992. [New murid rodents from the Late Cenozoic of Yushe Basin, Shanxi.] Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 30 (1): 17 - 38 (in Chinese with English summary)." year="1992">Wu and Flynn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="791D1739158283CC8079628F0F319774" author="Zheng, S." refId="ref405916" refString="Zheng, S. 1993. [Quaternary rodents of Sichuan-Guizhou area, China.] Science Press, Beijing, 270 pp (in Chinese, with English summary)." year="1993">Zheng, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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) and middle Miocene (early Vallesian, 11.1-9.7 million years ago) of S and C Europe (Freudenthal and Martín Suárez, 1999; Martín Suàrez and Mein, 1998). The genus was formerly regarded as no older than late Turolian (8.7-7.5 million years ago) and to have been derived from
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<taxonomicName id="53C3588613EAC605CD41676B9240E835" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3A72156F3AF02BB7DDF1E4E0B80EAE22" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(then thought to be the oldest European murine) through
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<taxonomicName id="E7513BC4779DF0296C4A802140AF0AB5" authorityName="Schaub" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parapodemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9B0B7AE87941DBF217B596E959B7662" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Parapodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Recent studies indicate that European fossil species of
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<taxonomicName id="0416094F4B5DEEEECE2A0AF1DE8EC1A0" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4B2B65CE31589811CA30D6EC695E9E4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibit their diagnostic derived dentition when first encountered in the Miocene, the genus is older than European
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<taxonomicName id="77E124D6C5634CC68FB879F8A63791E1" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0A189129348D6468B1892B14EA02915B" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Freudenthal and Martín Suárez, 1999) or any other European murine, and represents an independent lineage "of unknown origin" (Martín Suárez and Mein, 1998; but see
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<bibRefCitation id="DA8AE2F4A95E19B4198B398792D70AF2" author="de Bruijn, H. & G. Sarac & L. W. van den Hoek Ostende & S. Roussiakis" refId="ref76933" refString="de Bruijn, H., G. Sarac, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, and S. Roussiakis. 1999. The status of the genus name Parapodemus Schaub, 1938; new data bearing on an old controversy. Pp. 95 - 112, in Elephants have a Snorkel! Papers in honour of Paul Y. Sondaae (J. W. F. Reumer and J. de Vos, eds.). Deinsea, 7: 1 - 422." year="1999">de Bruijn et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, for another interpretation). Only
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<taxonomicName id="775FCABF89F3BCA2D4856C568944A0BB" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AA26A786BED3B0A395B492C624AA3C57" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Siwaliks of
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<collectingCountry id="456C84740A535BC2969593889F7F7AB3" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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is older, the earliest record of fossils identified as that genus coming from strata dated at about 11.8 million years ago (
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<bibRefCitation id="4BD05C98987619E45FE5A3DDA757E8C8" author="Jacobs, L. L. & W. R. Downs" refId="ref170824" refString="Jacobs, L. L., and W. R. Downs. 1994. The evolution of murine rodents in Asia. Pp. 149 - 156, in Rodent and lagomorph families of Asian origins and diversification (Y. Tomida, C. k. Li, and T. Setoguchi, eds.). National Science Museum Monographs, No. 8, Tokyo, 195 pp." year="1994">Jacobs and Downs, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="ABEC49EEB539467BB3E7FB1740B9EE19" author="Jacobs, L. L. & L. J. Flynn & W. R. Downs & J. C. Barry" refId="ref171066" refString="Jacobs, L. L., L. J. Flynn, W. R. Downs, and J. C. Barry. 1990. Quo vadis, Antemus? The Siwalik muroid record. Pp. 573 - 586, in European Neogene mammal chronology (E. H. Lindsay, V. Fahlbusch, and P. Mein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York and London, 658 pp." year="1990">Jacobs et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), or "
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<taxonomicName id="43777182AC8B8ED822F8E66FFFCBD2E9" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="05AB35371BB4220164748D9BDA526318" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
like species, or indeed true
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D911525033C8DB5F128225956466581" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="373CED9BC051771408AD448AEFE31A12" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
" at 12.3 million years ago (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="668804C60508DCB55F7E3FFF96163CE9" author="Pilbeam, D. & M. Morgan & J. C. Barry & L. Flynn" refId="ref286558" refString="Pilbeam, D., M. Morgan, J. C. Barry, and L. Flynn. 1996. European MN units and the Siwalik faunal sequence of Pakistan. Pp. 96 - 105, in The evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene mammal faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. - W. Mittmann, eds.). Columbia University Press, New York, 487 pp." year="1996">Pilbeam et al., 1996:103</bibRefCitation>
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). Whether
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<taxonomicName id="1FB5ABD5E701D3C07FEF9E8EAFAD17E9" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="C037F1364F071CA9834BE367360B9156" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
diverged from this earlier Asian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A285227602C69697E596BDC957E01620" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Progonomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1E1EA3C6E62CA70FBC6DB456AC198030" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Progonomys</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
stock (in which case its presence in Europe represents westward dispersal during the Miocene) or evolved independently from an ancient Asian murine progenitor is unknown. Certainly
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A4FAC95B7B89950322DDE97ACEC450D5" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="D8C687F88F441684660DE365C75689C1" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Apodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(and perhaps
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|
<taxonomicName id="673327A6C967AD07E3603338190FAD7B" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="83B4E1B22E4F2ABF7D9D8FEA36A3E428" italics="true" pageNumber="1259">Mus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
; see that generic account) has the longest range in time of any known murine (Martín Suárez and Mein, 1998)
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</paragraph>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |