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<document id="E2654D4C5A0F6A51265AC016C2E07BED" ID-CLB-Dataset="3401" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.525.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4124482-df92-4fae-ac3e-c7bf3a4599b6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5712360" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637306196792" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paixão-Souza, Bruno, Silva, Nílber Gonçalves Da, Guimarães, Alessandra Ribeiro, Alves, Ruy José Válka &amp; Costa, Andrea Ferreira Da" docDate="2021" docId="03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.525.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 525 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Tillandsia mantiqueirae Paixao-Souza, N. G. Silva &amp; R. J. V. Alves 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="FFF479104B7EFFDCFF90F856A60AFF88" masterDocTitle="Tillandsia mantiqueirae (Bromeliaceae), a New Species from Minas Gerais State, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="196" pageNumber="198" updateTime="1699468907253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0F08979588A55A8D5F910F4B2D6F3AE9">Tillandsia mantiqueirae (Bromeliaceae), a New Species from Minas Gerais State, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AECAA35158F05572FAEB2BB5ACAE7AEB">Paixão-Souza, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD388818E3A6F6BA6B4750F6F9380933">paixaosouzab @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1207 - 1194</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4CC31C2A09FE65297B188436CFFAC45" type="email">paixaosouzab@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="728F365B9A4C9BAF1FC1C9F5C08F7998">Silva, Nílber Gonçalves Da</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="56D20305643B5D14783982C514E53770" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2179-1898</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E51F8305B6C3AB3FA81A52EE79C585E3">Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; nilberius @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2179 - 1898</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E140277920C794F72504AF4567EEA842" type="email">nilberius@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E67F67DE5E06AF596C6DFE08C1D16A42">Guimarães, Alessandra Ribeiro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="48C0B00DC48759FBB0ABE5C4EAAE72B9" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4244-581X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7C59DD14F931532E314481DA9C0C734A">Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; alessandracastellan @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4244 - 581 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="23576C1FD3DA179E0B6204880B5B10D2" type="email">alessandracastellan@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7E9480D58A554525901BD41FEB898B83">Alves, Ruy José Válka</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2EB28915F82657BFE755B2C0F56F144" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5123-9124</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6916D56BDEE3B7E4A1120AE89DEC50D7">Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; ruyvalka 1 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5123 - 9124</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4544BA6E2F857599399A8607E3E73F2D" type="email">ruyvalka1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB0A6DF793B043BDD4D5A6319D48F1B">Costa, Andrea Ferreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C25E84B02F5BC15D4785B4E4DD70DAA9">Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; afcosta @ acd. ufrj. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9200 - 4222</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F941139FD904E3A7F306FBD068405AC8" type="email">afcosta@acd.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="686BC61BB6E50773F5639A3ED081C417">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F630700203606FCDE0661C0CD33792E7">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0F28DC6F474CEADABDF1A7D72028892D">2021-11-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4E93B5D2CFA4D9492C1E4533561CEB4D">525</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5D11035A8DEBE7463CA25389DC164B38" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.525.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7CFFDEFF18F8A2A28BFE86" box="[136,1153,244,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7CFFDEFF18F8A2A28BFE86" blockId="2.[136,1153,244,271]" box="[136,1153,244,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="D09307124B7CFFDEFF18F8A2A28BFE86" box="[136,1153,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFF18F8A2A579FE86" ID-CoL="9V6K2" authority="Paixao-Souza, N.G. Silva &amp; R.J.V. Alves" authorityName="Paixao-Souza, N. G. Silva &amp; R. J. V. Alves" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,883,244,271]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF18F8A2A797FE86" bold="true" box="[136,413,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Tillandsia mantiqueirae</emphasis>
Paixão-Souza, N.G. Silva &amp; R.J.V. Alves
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFCEEF8A3A5D9FE86" box="[894,979,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223D1174B7CFFDEFCEEF8A3A5D9FE86" box="[894,979,245,270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7CFFDEFC72F8A2A22EFE86" box="[994,1060,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[367,1218,740,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-243@1.[340,1247,724,1953]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tillandsia mantiqueirae. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C–D. Flower partly concealed by bract in natural position (C—open flower; D—bud). E. Extended floral bract. F. Extended sepals. G. Extended petals and stamens. H. Pistil. I. Anther." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7CFFDEFBA2F8A2A24AFE86" box="[1074,1088,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[183,1406,524,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[170,1416,511,1951]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Population of Tillandsia mantiqueirae (A–D), and T. nuptialis (E–F). A. General view of topotypic habitat. B. Cliff, ca. 1,350 m.a.s.l.. C. Population covering the granitic outcrop. D. Habit in situ. E. T. nuptialis population over the granitic outcrop from topotypic habitat. F. Habit in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712364/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">2</figureCitation>
A-D)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7CFFDEFF18F916A2DFFE16" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7CFFDEFF18F916A2DFFE16" blockId="2.[136,1452,320,486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFF18F916A77AFEDD" ID-CoL="9V6K2" authorityName="Paixao-Souza, N. G. Silva &amp; R. J. V. Alves" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,368,320,341]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF18F916A77AFEDD" box="[136,368,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Tillandsia mantiqueirae</emphasis>
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shares carinate sepals and white petals with the closely allied
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFC46F916A249FEDD" ID-CoL="56XX2" authorityName="R. Braga &amp; Sucre" authorityYear="1969" box="[982,1091,320,341]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFC46F916A249FEDD" box="[982,1091,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it differs by shorter leaf blades (
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<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFEADF932A75BFEF1" box="[317,337,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
.
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); red peduncle bracts and floral bracts (
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFC86F932A520FEF1" box="[790,810,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
. green); connate red sepals (
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFBADF932A25BFEF1" box="[1085,1105,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
. free green sepals); non-mechanical epidermal cell thickening (
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFE2FF9DEA7D9FE15" box="[447,467,392,413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
. mechanical); and a single celled trichome epidermis stalk (
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFB84F9DEA222FE15" box="[1044,1064,392,413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
. multiple-celled).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF18F9FAA6B0FE49" bold="true" box="[136,186,428,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Type</emphasis>
:—
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<collectingCountry id="F373F0EE4B7CFFDEFF47F9FAA739FE49" box="[215,307,428,449]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A07E9C4B7CFFDEFEAEF9FAA7CFFE4A" box="[318,453,428,450]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF2A044B7CFFDEFE40F9FAA412FE4A" box="[464,536,428,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Alagoa</collectingMunicipality>
, estrada a oeste da cidade.
<location id="8EBBE6A54B7CFFDEFCBBF9FAA572FE4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A:8EBBE6A54B7CFFDEFCBBF9FAA572FE4A" box="[811,888,428,450]" country="Brazil" municipality="Alagoa" name="Paredao" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Paredão</location>
de rocha granítica,
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<elevation id="0049574D4B7CFFDEFBD1F9FAA299FE49" box="[1089,1171,428,450]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="1345.0">1,345 m</elevation>
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elevation,
<date id="FFDA96BE4B7CFFDEFA92F9FAA380FE49" box="[1282,1418,428,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-06-22">
<collectingDate id="EF9E6F564B7CFFDEFA92F9FAA380FE49" box="[1282,1418,428,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" value="2013-06-22">22 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7528BB4B7CFFDEFA07F9FAA3A2FE49" box="[1431,1448,428,449]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFA07F9FAA3A2FE49" box="[1431,1448,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">B</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFA38F9FAA3A6FE49" box="[1448,1452,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0CBA234B7CFFDEFF2DF986A7FDFE6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409005306" box="[189,503,464,486]" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" location="Paixao-Souza" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF2DF986A767FE6D" box="[189,365,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<location id="8EBBE6A54B7CFFDEFF2DF986A748FE6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A:8EBBE6A54B7CFFDEFF2DF986A748FE6D" box="[189,322,464,485]" country="Brazil" name="Paixao-Souza" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Paixão-Souza</location>
201
</emphasis>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED7528BB4B7CFFDEFE45F986A7E1FE6E" box="[469,491,464,486]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">R</collectionCode>
!)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1BE0F64B7CFFDEFF18FFE1A760F79D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5712364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712364/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" startId="2.[136,229,1975,1997]" targetBox="[183,1406,524,1943]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7CFFDEFF18FFE1A760F79D" blockId="2.[136,1452,1975,2069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF18FFE1A6F7F844" bold="true" box="[136,253,1975,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Population of
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFE18FFE1A464F845" authorityName="Paixao-Souza, N. G. Silva &amp; R. J. V. Alves" authorityYear="2021" box="[392,622,1975,1997]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFE18FFE1A464F845" box="[392,622,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">Tillandsia mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFDEBFFE1A4A3F844" bold="true" box="[635,681,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A–D</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFD74FFEEA545F844" authorityName="R. Braga &amp; Sucre" authorityYear="1969" box="[740,847,1975,1997]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFD74FFEEA545F844" box="[740,847,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFCCCFFE1A58DF844" bold="true" box="[860,903,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">E–F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFC0AFFE1A5B8F844" bold="true" box="[922,946,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">A.</emphasis>
General view of topotypic habitat.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFA91FFE1A312F844" bold="true" box="[1281,1304,1975,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">B.</emphasis>
Cliff, ca. 1,350 m.a.s.l..
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF4AFF8DA6FBF879" bold="true" box="[218,241,2011,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">C.</emphasis>
Population covering the granitic outcrop.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFD1AFF8DA4ABF878" bold="true" box="[650,673,2011,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">D.</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFD73FF8AA515F879" box="[739,799,2012,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFCBBFF8DA548F878" bold="true" box="[811,834,2011,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7CFFDEFCD8FF8AA5BEF878" authorityName="R. Braga &amp; Sucre" authorityYear="1969" box="[840,948,2011,2033]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFCD8FF8AA5BEF878" box="[840,948,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population over the granitic outcrop from topotypic habitat.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFF45FFA9A6E2F79C" bold="true" box="[213,232,2047,2068]" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">F.</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7CFFDEFEB9F056A76FF79D" box="[297,357,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="198">in situ</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1BE0F64B7DFFDFFF18FAE8A6C0FD71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5712366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712366/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" startId="3.[136,229,702,724]" targetBox="[340,1247,190,677]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF18FAE8A6C0FD71" blockId="3.[136,1452,702,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF18FAE8A6F7FD5C" bold="true" box="[136,253,702,724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Location map of
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFE36FAE9A4D4FD5D" authority=", Alagoa" authorityName="Alagoa" box="[422,734,703,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE36FAE9A486FD5C" box="[422,652,703,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Tillandsia mantiqueirae</emphasis>
, Alagoa
</taxonomicName>
, Minas Gerais State and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFC5BFAE9A2D7FD5D" authority=", Levy Gasparian" authorityName="Levy Gasparian" box="[971,1245,703,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFC5BFAE9A23CFD5C" box="[971,1078,703,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
, Levy Gasparian
</taxonomicName>
, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7DFFDFFF18FB71A7FEFB21" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF18FB71A7FEFB21" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
Plant rupicolous, caulescent,
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFE5BFB71A433FCCA" box="[459,569,807,834]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35 cm</quantity>
long in flower, growing in clumps.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFC52FB7EA208FCC9" box="[962,1026,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Roots</emphasis>
present.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFBF5FB71A291FCC9" box="[1125,1179,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Stem</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFB31FB71A305FCCA" box="[1185,1295,807,834]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
long, apically branching.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE96FB1AA77EFCED" box="[262,372,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Leaves ca</emphasis>
. 30, curved upward secund,
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFD25FB1DA502FCEE" box="[693,776,843,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 cm</quantity>
long, polystichously arranged along the stem;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFA82FB1DA36CFCED" box="[1298,1382,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">sheaths</emphasis>
1.5–2 ×
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFF0FFB39A6E4FC02" box="[159,238,879,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
, narrowly ovate, densely lepidote;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFDE4FB39A4B7FC01" box="[628,701,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">blades</emphasis>
4.5–6 ×
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFCB1FB39A57AFC02" box="[801,880,879,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
, very narrowly triangular, involute, fleshy, covered by scales giving it a whitish color.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFD8DFBC5A4B9FC25" box="[541,691,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Inflorescence</emphasis>
simple,
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC87FBC5A571FC26" box="[791,891,915,942]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 cm</quantity>
long, 4–6 polystichous flowered;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFA95FBC5A360FC25" box="[1285,1386,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">peduncle</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFAE3FBC5A6A0FC5A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
long, exceeding the leaves, slender;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFDDFFBE1A508FC59" box="[591,770,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">peduncle bracts</emphasis>
foliaceous,
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC1DFBE1A5FDFC5A" box="[909,1015,951,978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 cm</quantity>
long, the upper lanceolate, lepidote at the apex, reddish;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFEC9FB8DA795FC7D" box="[345,415,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">rachis</emphasis>
reddish.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFD98FB8DA494FC7D" box="[520,670,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Floral bracts</emphasis>
1.5–1.8 ×
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC8AFB8DA58CFC7E" box="[794,902,987,1014]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1 cm</quantity>
, exceeding the sepals, oval, acuminate, carinate, sparsely lepidote, pink.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE03FBA9A7E5FB91" box="[403,495,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Flowers</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFE65FBA9A44BFB92" box="[501,577,1023,1050]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
long, sessile;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFD70FBA9A52CFB91" box="[736,806,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">sepals</emphasis>
1.2–1.5 x
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC0DFBA9A5E6FB92" box="[925,1004,1023,1050]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
, obovate-lanceolate, apiculate, carinate, glabrous, pink, adaxial ones carinate and connate up to about ½ the length;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFC4BFC75A214FBB5" box="[987,1054,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">petals</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFBB5FC75A2A9FBB6" box="[1061,1187,1059,1086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="cm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.5 cm</quantity>
long, lingulate, obtuse, apical part spreading at anthesis, white;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFDC5FC1EA4A5FBE9" box="[597,687,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">stamens</emphasis>
included,
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFCB8FC1EA540FBE9" box="[808,842,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">ca.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFCC3FC11A5A9FBEA" box="[851,931,1095,1122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFC7EFC11A25FFBE9" box="[1006,1109,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">filaments</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFBCEFC11A2B7FBEA" box="[1118,1213,1095,1122]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long, free, flattened, plicate below the anthers;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE3FFC3DA409FB0D" box="[431,515,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">anthers</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFD9AFC3DA446FB0E" box="[522,588,1131,1158]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, linear, basifixed;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFCC5FC3AA59FFB0D" box="[853,917,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">ovary</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC0CFC3DA5F0FB0E" box="[924,1018,1131,1158]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFBD1FC3DA288FB0E" box="[1089,1154,1131,1158]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, ovoidal;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFAE8FC3DA3A1FB0D" box="[1400,1451,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">style</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFF18FCC6A6C3FB22" box="[136,201,1168,1194]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE80FCC6A751FB21" box="[272,347,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">stigma</emphasis>
simple-erect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7DFFDFFF2DFCE5A6EBFAB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF2DFCE5A6EBFAB1" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFCE5A4AAFB45" bold="true" box="[189,672,1203,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Distribution, habitat and phenology:—</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54DF0EDC4B7DFFDFFC21FCE2A5EBFB46" box="[945,993,1204,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">type</typeStatus>
locality, a granitic cliff in the Alagoa municipality, southern
<collectingRegion id="49A07E9C4B7DFFDFFE19FC81A415FB79" box="[393,543,1239,1265]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F373F0EE4B7DFFDFFD47FC81A515FB79" box="[727,799,1239,1265]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The species forms a dense population on the north-facing cliff, exposed to full sunlight, surrounded by pasture within an area of dense forest (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFBCBFCADA2E9FA9D" box="[1115,1251,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[183,1406,524,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[170,1416,511,1951]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Population of Tillandsia mantiqueirae (A–D), and T. nuptialis (E–F). A. General view of topotypic habitat. B. Cliff, ca. 1,350 m.a.s.l.. C. Population covering the granitic outcrop. D. Habit in situ. E. T. nuptialis population over the granitic outcrop from topotypic habitat. F. Habit in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 2 A–D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFB61FCADA30BFA9D" box="[1265,1281,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,702,724]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,677]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[340,1247,190,678]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Location map of Tillandsia mantiqueirae, Alagoa, Minas Gerais State and T. nuptialis, Levy Gasparian, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712366/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">3</figureCitation>
). Flowering in August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7DFFDFFF2DFD15A751FA41" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF2DFD15A751FA41" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFD15A7DAFAD5" bold="true" box="[189,464,1347,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7DFFDFFE41FD15A461FAD5" author="IUCN" box="[465,619,1347,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" refId="ref4933" refString="IUCN (2001) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017 - 1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 12 May 2017)" type="url" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
: The provisory status of the species is Critically Endangered (CR) (B2abiii), because it is known from a single population which is surrounded by an area of extensive cattle grazing, and is not represented in conservation units. Furthermore, there are several large mining operations in the region of the only known population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7DFFDFFF2DFD85A7C5F99A" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF2DFD85A7C5F99A" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFD85A734FA65" bold="true" box="[189,318,1491,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to one of the most expressive massifs in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F373F0EE4B7DFFDFFAA1FD85A372FA65" box="[1329,1400,1491,1517]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, the Mantiqueira mountain range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7DFFDFFF2DFE4DA7C6F929" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFDFFF2DFE4DA5E6F9D1" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<materialsCitation id="3B0CBA234B7DFFDFFF2DFE4DA498F9D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3409005302" collectingDate="2009-08-06" collectionCode="R, J, V" country="Brazil" elevation="1369" location="Paredao" municipality="Morro do Morro" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFE4DA720F9BD" bold="true" box="[189,298,1563,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<typeStatus id="54DF0EDC4B7DFFDFFF2DFE4DA720F9BD" box="[189,298,1563,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F373F0EE4B7DFFDFFEDCFE4DA7BCF9BD" box="[332,438,1563,1589]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A07E9C4B7DFFDFFE50FE4DA452F9BD" box="[448,600,1563,1589]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, Mun. Alagoa,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF2A044B7DFFDFFD6FFE4AA5B2F9BE" box="[767,952,1563,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Morro do Morro</collectingMunicipality>
, ca.
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7DFFDFFC78FE4DA22AF9BD" box="[1000,1056,1563,1589]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
a oeste da cidade.
<location id="8EBBE6A54B7DFFDFFB7DFE4DA34DF9BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD01684B7CFFD9FF18F8A2A500F85A:8EBBE6A54B7DFFDFFB7DFE4DA34DF9BD" box="[1261,1351,1563,1589]" country="Brazil" municipality="Morro do Morro" name="Paredao" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Paredão</location>
de rocha granítica,
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<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFE35A4D8F9F6" bold="true" box="[189,722,1635,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
Additional examined material of
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<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFDDFFE35A4D8F9F6" bold="true" box="[591,722,1635,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
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:—
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<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7DFFD8FF2DFEFDA2CCFDCD" blockId="3.[136,1452,807,2057]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,581]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF2DFEFDA482F94D" bold="true" box="[189,648,1707,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Compared leaf anatomy:—Epidermis</emphasis>
of the new species and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFC3BFEFAA226F94D" box="[939,1068,1707,1733]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFC3BFEFAA226F94D" box="[939,1068,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
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unistratified (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFB42FEFDA356F94E" box="[1234,1372,1707,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 A, B</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFA07FEFAA6E0F961" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFA07FEFAA6E0F961" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
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the internal periclinal and the anticlinal walls are similarly thickened, resulting in a small lumen (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFAB8FE99A691F886" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 B, D, F</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFF5DFEA2A777F885" box="[205,381,1780,1805]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFF5DFEA2A777F885" box="[205,381,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
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the internal periclinal wall is thicker than the anticlinal, resulting in a much larger “U –shaped” lumen (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFF70FF41A786F8BA" box="[224,396,1815,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 A, C, E</figureCitation>
). In both species the stomata and trichomes are sunken below the surface of the remaining epidermal cells (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFED1FF6DA7B7F8DE" box="[321,445,1851,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 E, F</figureCitation>
). The leaves are hypostomatic and the stomata are accompanied by substomatic chambers (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFF00FF09A71FF8F2" box="[144,277,1887,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 E, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFEBCFF09A4A8F8F1" bold="true" box="[300,674,1887,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Peltate multicellular trichomes</emphasis>
consisting of a stalk and a disc occur on both leaf surfaces; stalks consisting of a single cell in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFE59FFD2A470F815" box="[457,634,1924,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFE59FFD2A470F815" box="[457,634,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and three cells in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7DFFDFFCD7FFD2A5CFF815" box="[839,965,1923,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFCD7FFD2A5CFF815" box="[839,965,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFC44FFD5A25CF816" box="[980,1110,1923,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 C, D</figureCitation>
). The discs in both species are similar, with four large central cells surrounded by three layers, respectively with 8, 16 and 24 cells and by the wing, a final portion of the trichome composed of asymmetrically elongated cells (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7DFFDFFC71FF9DA26FF86E" box="[993,1125,1995,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Fig. 4 G, H</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7DFFDFFBE8FF9DA2F4F86D" bold="true" box="[1144,1278,1995,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="199">Mesophyll:</emphasis>
in both species the first layer below the epidermis consists of relatively small cells, translucid, tubular with thin, non-lignified walls in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FF18F8C9A733FF30" box="[136,313,159,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FF18F8C9A733FF30" box="[136,313,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FEDAF8C8A7E3FF31" box="[330,489,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 4 A, C, E</figureCitation>
); slightly flattened, with thickened and highly lignified walls, forming a mechanical tissue in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FF7EF895A767FF54" box="[238,365,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FF7EF895A767FF54" box="[238,365,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FEEDF894A42BFF55" box="[381,545,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-245@4.[404,1184,605,1792]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Transversal sections of median leaf portions of T. mantiqueirae (A, C, E, G) and T. nuptialis (B, D, F, H). A–B (adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis. A. Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.B. high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer. C–D (adaxial surface). C. Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc. D. Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc. E–F (abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers. G–H. Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 4 B, D, F</figureCitation>
). Subtending the previous layer, a water storage parenchyma occurs below both surfaces (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FF62F8B0A77AFE89" box="[242,368,230,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 A, D</figureCitation>
). The adaxial aquiferous parenchyma consists of elongated cells with undulating walls (concertini cells) (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FF44F95CA75EFEAD" box="[212,340,266,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 B, E</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FE17F95DA432FEAC" box="[391,568,267,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FE17F95DA432FEAC" box="[391,568,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these are disposed in 2-3 layers of cylindric cells, more elongated anticlinally, occupying more than half of the mesophyll (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FDEAF978A4D0FEC0" box="[634,730,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 A</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FC9CF979A583FEC0" box="[780,905,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FC9CF979A583FEC0" box="[780,905,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these cells are isodiametric, appear in 3-4 layers and occupy less than half of the mesophyll (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FDE4F904A4DFFEE5" box="[628,725,338,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 D</figureCitation>
). The abaxial aquiferous parenchyma in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FB0BF905A346FEE4" box="[1179,1356,339,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FB0BF905A346FEE4" box="[1179,1356,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of 2-3 layers of continuous isodiametric cells interrupted only by the substomatic chambers, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FB7EF921A361FE18" box="[1262,1387,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FB7EF921A361FE18" box="[1262,1387,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these layers are less developed and are also interrupted by chlorenchyma (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FCE6F9CCA5F9FE3D" box="[886,1011,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 A, D</figureCitation>
). The chlorenchyma is situated between the aquiferous parenchyma layers of both leaf surfaces and consists of juxtaposed isodiametric cells comprising 8-10 layers in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FF7EF9B5A794FE74" box="[238,414,483,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FF7EF9B5A794FE74" box="[238,414,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7AFFD8FE45F9B4A439FE74" box="[469,563,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12-14 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FDA9F9B5A4BCFE74" box="[569,694,482,508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FDA9F9B5A4BCFE74" box="[569,694,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FD55F9B4A54DFE75" box="[709,839,482,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 A, D</figureCitation>
). The vascular tissue within the chlorenchyma consists of a single series alternating wide and narrow collateral vascular bundles (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FC2FFA50A236FDA9" box="[959,1084,518,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 A, D</figureCitation>
) all of which have sclerenchyma caps adjacent to the xylem and phloem; in
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FDF7FA7DA512FDCC" box="[615,792,555,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FDF7FA7DA512FDCC" box="[615,792,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these are less developed (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7AFFD8FBACFA7CA2B3FDCD" box="[1084,1209,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[340,1247,190,659]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.A–C. Tillandsia mantiqueirae.D–F. T. nuptialis. A, D. General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma. B, E. Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini. C, F. Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">Fig. 5 C, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1BE0F64B7AFFD8FF18FF4EA442F7A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5712368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712368/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" startId="4.[136,229,1816,1838]" targetBox="[412,1177,612,1786]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7AFFD8FF18FF4EA442F7A2" blockId="4.[136,1452,1816,2090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FF18FF4EA70AF8A5" bold="true" box="[136,256,1816,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Transversal sections of median leaf portions of
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FD4DFF4FA57DF8A6" box="[733,887,1817,1838]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FD4DFF4FA57DF8A6" box="[733,887,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, C, E, G) and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7AFFD8FBBDFF4FA290F8A5" box="[1069,1178,1816,1838]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="200" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FBBDFF4FA290F8A5" box="[1069,1178,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, D, F, H).
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FAB9FF4EA35CF8A5" bold="true" box="[1321,1366,1816,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">A–B</emphasis>
(adaxial surface). Detail of the single-layered epidermis.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FDF7FF6AA475F8D9" bold="true" box="[615,639,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">A.</emphasis>
Cells with “U-shaped” thickening and thin-walled cells in the subepidermic layer characterizing a non-mechanical tissue.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FD93FF37A413F8FE" bold="true" box="[515,537,1889,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">B.</emphasis>
high degree of thickening of the anticlinal and internal periclinal walls and secondary thickening of the subepidermal cells forming a mechanical layer.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FD1AFFD2A4B2F812" bold="true" box="[650,696,1924,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">C–D</emphasis>
(adaxial surface).
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FCF8FFD2A58AF812" bold="true" box="[872,896,1924,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">C.</emphasis>
Detail of trichome with single-celled stalk and central cell in disc.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FF45FFFFA6E7F836" bold="true" box="[213,237,1961,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">D.</emphasis>
Detail of trichome with 3-celled stalk and a single central cell in the disc.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FC53FFFFA5E4F836" bold="true" box="[963,1006,1961,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">E–F</emphasis>
(abaxial surface). Details of stomata (arrows) and substomatic chambers.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7AFFD8FE02FF9AA7C3F86A" bold="true" box="[402,457,1996,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="200">G–H.</emphasis>
Frontal view of peltate trichomes. Abbr.: ep. epidermis; snml. subepidermal not mechanical layer; sml. subepidermal mechanical layer; *. stalk cells; dcc. disc central cell; sc. substomatic chamber; Scale bars: A–B—10 μm; C–H—5 μm. (Preparations and images by A.R. Guimarães).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1BE0F64B7BFFD9FF18FAFDA427FCD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5712370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712370/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" startId="5.[136,229,683,705]" targetBox="[341,1247,190,659]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7BFFD9FF18FAFDA427FCD9" blockId="5.[136,1452,683,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF18FAFDA6F6FD49" bold="true" box="[136,252,683,705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Transversal sections of median portions of leaf laminas.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC84FAFDA543FD49" bold="true" box="[788,841,683,705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">A–C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FCDEFAFDA230FD49" box="[846,1082,683,705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FCDEFAFDA23FFD49" box="[846,1077,683,705]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">Tillandsia mantiqueirae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FBADFAFAA267FD49" bold="true" box="[1085,1133,684,705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">D–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FBE2FAFAA2D6FD48" box="[1138,1244,683,705]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FBE2FAFAA2D6FD48" box="[1138,1244,683,705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FB77FAFDA310FD49" bold="true" box="[1255,1306,683,705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">A, D.</emphasis>
General aspect of leaf lamina, with mesophyll consisting of aquiferous parenchyma and chlorenchyma.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC76FA86A213FD6D" bold="true" box="[998,1049,720,741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">B, E.</emphasis>
Detail of abaxial aquiferous parenchyma cells with undulating lateral walls resembling consertini.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD22FAA5A4E8FC81" bold="true" box="[690,738,755,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">C, F.</emphasis>
Detail of collateral vascular bundles with sclerenchymatic girders. Abbr.: ap. aquiferous parenchyma; sg. sclerenchymatic girders; cc. concertini cells; ch. chlorenchyma; cvb. collateral vascular bundle. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B, E—10 μm; C, F—5 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37EE3F54B7BFFD9FF2DFBD6A500F85A" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7BFFD9FF2DFBD6A23BFAE6" blockId="5.[136,1452,896,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF2DFBD6A731FC12" bold="true" box="[189,315,896,922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Discussion</emphasis>
:—The infrageneric delimitations within
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FC89FBD6A583FC12" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[793,905,896,922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC89FBD6A583FC12" box="[793,905,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been vehemently questioned for decades (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FF1FFBF2A73AFC36" author="Gardner, C. S." box="[143,304,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" refId="ref4744" refString="Gardner, C. S. (1982) A systematic study of Tillandsia subgenus Tillandsia. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, pp. 305." type="book" year="1982">Gardner 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FEACFBF2A77DFC36" author="Gardner, C. S." box="[316,375,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="130 - 146" refId="ref4774" refString="Gardner, C. S. (1986) Preliminary classification of Tillandsia based on floral characters. Selbyana 9: 130 - 146." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FE14FBF2A7E5FC36" author="Till, W." box="[388,495,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="88 - 94" refId="ref5766" refString="Till, W. (1992) Systematics and evolution of the tropical-subtropical Tillandsia subgenus Diaphoranthema (Bromeliaceae). Selbyana 13: 88 - 94." type="journal article" year="1992">Till 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FE6BFBF2A50BFC36" author="Spencer, M. A. &amp; Smith, L. B." box="[507,769,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="151 - 60" refId="ref5679" refString="Spencer, M. A. &amp; Smith, L. B. (1993) Racinaea, a new genus of Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae). Phytologia 74: 151 - 60." type="journal article" year="1993">Spencer &amp; Smith 1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FC9DFBF2A20DFC36" author="Beaman, R. S. &amp; Judd, W. S." box="[781,1031,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref4054" refString="Beaman, R. S. &amp; Judd, W. S. (1996) Systematics of Tillandsia subgenus Pseudalcantarea (Bromeliaceae). Brittonia 48: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2807659" type="journal article" year="1996">Beaman &amp; Judd 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FB83FBF2A2E7FC36" author="Espejo-Serna, A." box="[1043,1261,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="25 - 35" refId="ref4553" refString="Espejo-Serna, A. (2002) Viridantha, un genero nuevo de Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae) endemico de Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana 60: 25 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / abm 60.2002.901" type="journal article" year="2002">Espejo-Serna 2002</bibRefCitation>
), especially with molecular-based phylogenetic hypotheses that revealed the polyphyly of the genus and infrageneric
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FA82FB9FA348FC6A" box="[1298,1346,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">taxa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FAC4FB9EA700FB8F" author="Barfuss, M. H. J. &amp; Samuel, R. &amp; Till, W. &amp; Stuessy, T. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="337 - 351" refId="ref3895" refString="Barfuss, M. H. J., Samuel, R., Till, W. &amp; Stuessy, T. F. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. American Journal of Botany 92: 337 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 92.2.337" type="journal article" year="2005">
Barfuss
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF18FBBBA6C9FB8E" box="[136,195,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). With the recent realignment of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FCA2FBBAA5EBFB8E" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[818,993,1004,1030]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tillandsioideae">Tillandsioideae</taxonomicName>
, new circumscriptions of the subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FF38FC46A712FBA2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[168,280,1040,1066]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF38FC46A712FBA2" box="[168,280,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recognized and new genera were described (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FCC8FC46A23DFBA3" author="Barfuss, M. H. J. &amp; Till, W. &amp; Leme, E. M. C. &amp; Pinzon, J. P. &amp; Manzanares, J. &amp; Halbritter, H. &amp; Samuel, R. &amp; Brown, G. K." box="[856,1079,1040,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref3963" refString="Barfuss, M. H. J., Till, W., Leme, E. M. C., Pinzon, J. P., Manzanares, J. M, Halbritter, H., Samuel, R. &amp; Brown, G. K. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology. Phytotaxa 279: 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 279.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Barfuss
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC28FC47A5F8FBA2" box="[952,1010,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FBDBFC46A41FFBC6" authority="(Beer 1854: 346) Baker (1887: 42)" authorityName="Baker" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Beer" baseAuthorityPageNumber="346" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anoplophytum">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FBDBFC46A2B1FBA2" box="[1099,1211,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia</emphasis>
subg.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FA98FC46A3A1FBA2" box="[1288,1451,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Anoplophytum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FF00FC62A748FBC7" author="Beer, J. G." box="[144,322,1076,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="346 - 349" refId="ref4096" refString="Beer, J. G. (1854) Versuch einer Eintheilung der familie der Bromeliaceen nach ihrem Bluthenstande. Flora 37: 346 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02056234" type="journal article" year="1854">Beer 1854: 346</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FEC1FC62A41FFBC6" author="Baker, J. G." box="[337,533,1076,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="7" refId="ref3848" refString="Baker, J. G. (1887) Anoplophytum In: Nicholson, G. (Ed.) The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening. Div. 7. Vol. 4. L. Upcott Gill, London, pp. 1 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1887">Baker (1887: 42)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as circumscribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FC9CFC62A212FBC6" author="Smith, L. B. &amp; Downs, R. J." box="[780,1048,1076,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="663 - 1492" refId="ref5639" refString="Smith, L. B. &amp; Downs, R. J. (1977) Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae). In: Flora Neotropica Monograph 14. Hafner Press, New York, pp. 663 - 1492." type="book chapter" year="1977">Smith &amp; Downs (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, proved to be polyphyletic and was split into three different lineages. The lineage containing the
<typeStatus id="54DF0EDC4B7BFFD9FCD0FC0EA57AFBFA" box="[832,880,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">type</typeStatus>
species -
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FC4CFC0EA388FBFA" authority="Sol. ex Sims (1813" authorityName="Sims" authorityYear="1813" box="[988,1410,1112,1138]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC4CFC0EA296FBFA" box="[988,1180,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia stricta</emphasis>
Sol. ex
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FB6CFC0EA388FBFA" author="Sims, J." box="[1276,1410,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="1529" refId="ref5616" refString="Sims, J. (1813) Tillandsia stricta. Frosted stiff-leaved Tillandsia. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 37 - 38: 1529." type="journal article" year="1813">Sims (1813</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 1529) - is highly supported and encompasses 33 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FC84FC2AA5E5FB1F" author="Barfuss, M. H. J. &amp; Till, W. &amp; Leme, E. M. C. &amp; Pinzon, J. P. &amp; Manzanares, J. &amp; Halbritter, H. &amp; Samuel, R. &amp; Brown, G. K." box="[788,1007,1148,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref3963" refString="Barfuss, M. H. J., Till, W., Leme, E. M. C., Pinzon, J. P., Manzanares, J. M, Halbritter, H., Samuel, R. &amp; Brown, G. K. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology. Phytotaxa 279: 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 279.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Barfuss
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FCE3FC2BA5A7FB1E" box="[883,941,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) which share the simple inflorescences and polystichous flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FE23FCF6A49FFB33" author="Paixao-Souza, B." box="[435,661,1184,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" refId="ref5375" refString="Paixao-Souza, B. (2016) Filogenia e Evolucao de Tillandsia subgenero Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker (Bromeliaceae - Tillandsioideae). PhD. Thesis. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, pp. 126." type="book" year="2016">Paixão-Souza 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Most of them are endemic, rock-dwelling and often have extremely narrow distribution ranges, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FD8AFC93A4C6FB56" box="[538,716,1221,1246]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD8AFC93A4C6FB56" box="[538,716,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FC94FC93A588FB56" box="[772,898,1220,1246]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FC94FC93A588FB56" box="[772,898,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are currently known only from their
<typeStatus id="54DF0EDC4B7BFFD9FAEBFC92A3A1FB56" box="[1403,1451,1220,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">type</typeStatus>
populations, both being vertical granite cliffs facing north (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7BFFD9FC82FCBEA555FA8A" box="[786,863,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[183,1406,524,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[170,1416,511,1951]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Population of Tillandsia mantiqueirae (A–D), and T. nuptialis (E–F). A. General view of topotypic habitat. B. Cliff, ca. 1,350 m.a.s.l.. C. Population covering the granitic outcrop. D. Habit in situ. E. T. nuptialis population over the granitic outcrop from topotypic habitat. F. Habit in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712364/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7BFFD9FCFAFCBEA573FA8A" box="[874,889,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,702,724]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,677]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[340,1247,190,678]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Location map of Tillandsia mantiqueirae, Alagoa, Minas Gerais State and T. nuptialis, Levy Gasparian, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712366/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">3</figureCitation>
), thus highly exposed to solar radiation throughout most of the daytime. Some of the anatomic features,
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD7AFD5BA519FAAE" box="[746,787,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">e.g.</emphasis>
the well-developed aquiferous parenchyma, peltate scales densely covering the epidermis, the air channels typical of CAM plants are adaptations which enhance the chance of colonization on impermeable substrates highly exposed to sunlight (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FC12FD02A22FFAE6" author="Benzing, D. H." box="[898,1061,1364,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" refId="ref4134" refString="Benzing, D. H. (2000) Bromeliaceae: profile of an adaptive radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 690. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511565175" type="book" year="2000">Benzing 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7BFFD9FF2DFD2EA7B9F972" blockId="5.[136,1452,896,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">
Within the Mantiqueira mountain range,
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FD10FD2FA4F6FA1A" box="[640,764,1400,1426]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD10FD2FA4F6FA1A" box="[640,764,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FCA0FD2FA5D5FA1A" box="[816,991,1401,1426]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FCA0FD2FA5D5FA1A" box="[816,991,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separated by ca.
<quantity id="4C9C1D9B4B7BFFD9FB53FD2EA310FA1A" box="[1219,1306,1400,1426]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
, which could suggest they are conspecific (
<figureCitation id="135FACFB4B7BFFD9FE42FDCAA41DFA3E" box="[466,535,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,702,724]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,190,677]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[340,1247,190,678]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Location map of Tillandsia mantiqueirae, Alagoa, Minas Gerais State and T. nuptialis, Levy Gasparian, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5712366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5712366/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). However, the morphological, anatomical, and phenological features (
<tableCitation id="C6E685C54B7BFFD9FAA2FDCAA37DFA3E" box="[1330,1399,1436,1462]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,224,576,602]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Characters which distinguish Tillandsia mantiqueirae from allied Brazilian species with white petals and carinate floral bracts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1BE0F64B78FFDAFF18FA16A043FDD2" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" tableUuid="DF1BE0F64B78FFDAFF18FA16A043FDD2">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
) are solid evidence to keep them separate. Moreover, in a phylogenetic analysis molecular based of
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FB3BFD97A2CAFA52" box="[1195,1216,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T.</emphasis>
subg.
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FA98FD96A3A1FA52" box="[1288,1451,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Anoplophytum</emphasis>
currently being conducted by the first author, both aforementioned species appear in the same clade related mainly to
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FF36FE5FA724F9AA" box="[166,302,1544,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF36FE5FA724F9AA" box="[166,302,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another species from that clade is
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FD57FE5FA547F9AA" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="2013" box="[711,845,1544,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hofackeri">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD57FE5FA547F9AA" box="[711,845,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. hofackeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, endemic to the Caatinga of the
<collectingRegion id="49A07E9C4B7BFFD9FB50FE5EA34AF9AA" box="[1216,1344,1544,1570]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
, which is also allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FE8DFE7BA7C7F9CE" box="[285,461,1581,1606]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mantiqueirae">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FE8DFE7BA7C7F9CE" box="[285,461,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">T. mantiqueirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the latter presents larger dimensions and the populations are separated by more than 1000 Km (
<tableCitation id="C6E685C54B7BFFD9FE91FE06A742F9E2" box="[257,328,1616,1642]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,224,576,602]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Characters which distinguish Tillandsia mantiqueirae from allied Brazilian species with white petals and carinate floral bracts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1BE0F64B78FFDAFF18FA16A043FDD2" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" tableUuid="DF1BE0F64B78FFDAFF18FA16A043FDD2">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Plants of this group are long-caulescent and share simple inflorescences, green to pink bracts and white to bluish corolla. Comparative anatomy has proven to be a useful tool in finding additional distinctive characters useful for taxonomy, in several plant families and for the understanding of the ecology and biology of the taxonomic groups. The concept of metapopulation by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5CD8F4B7BFFD9FDF7FEEAA530F95E" author="De Queiroz, K." box="[615,826,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" pagination="879 - 886" refId="ref4430" refString="De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species Concepts and Species Delimitation. Systematic Biology 56 (6): 879 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150701701083" type="journal article" year="2007">De Queiroz (2007)</bibRefCitation>
also corroborates the arguments presented in support of the species presented here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBB07E4B7BFFD9FF2DFF52A500F85A" blockId="5.[136,1452,896,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FF2DFF52A79CF896" box="[189,406,1796,1822]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuptialis">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FF2DFF52A79CF896" box="[189,406,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia nuptialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a little-known species, naturally endemic to only one granitoid massif. However, it is found for sale on web sites, possibly a product of illegal collecting for cultivation and sale, which may indicate a threat to the species. However, due to the vertical cliffs on which these plants thrive, the inherent difficulty in collecting them is a favorable point in their conservation. The questions remain are: how is a species so little known by science so readily commercialized? How many narrowly endemic
<taxonomicName id="4C64CBFD4B7BFFD9FD36FFC2A564F826" box="[678,878,1940,1966]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9106C6C4B7BFFD9FD36FFC2A51CF826" box="[678,790,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="201">Tillandsia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are in the same situation? Is the cultivation of rare plants, even if not legalized, also a form of conservation?
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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