318 lines
39 KiB
XML
318 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="5520750CFB1E16099E9773099A9B71FA" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. & Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amblyraja radiata Donovan 1808" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="258" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="20503EB088086908272EC55D6F249011">
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<mods:title id="3C286B90A99B2344B89D4539F9872685">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E19AD5F88406291C3CD7CA885C12F5FA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A0A8325171FEEDA57336C7932D90369B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6B27DFD749BB8DD901BBAA37AA167C0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="11AB71A422D64B58D7EEB6C78F6A2F72">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="89136C2811106CC8D8C13F87113FD542" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="65C8396E4AAFF8ACCE0DB055FA72DDBA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DECE72EEB819D5A1A17F863ECBB7F91D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F83403D719D57958B816B3298B542B1A">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2997530AC92775AF16841DD904E922FD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="550CBB827319D3508AF0DB51AA2487D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="17DEA4B357FCD94FFDC9064E3774E7CB">Ellis, Jim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0ECCA84668D2B2A28466A2AEE1AD2341">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D525873EAD7B4FB77F4CD21662767D13">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="44F17C390EBA7F68E35E42257D2B87F1">
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<mods:date id="D9DE1C336551B9257FE434FB0AD2718C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4E57C3FD1D2607A84AA5F44BB87CFB1E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4B9FEC2C8B95A6F770D14CA8146E8F5F">4150</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F0D7E35E153BC07DC4AA1DE38029C6A1" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="694C287641EB5FB948619AAF5C1795AE">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8A2236A4F54AA24E7E35A9131A70EAD2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4C728C854651D507DAA5D0F3A2DF672E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EACF218F4C13429B694F92B67B9A2D0F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A87802EBB0B995441D3974347444D28B" type="Zenodo-Dep">272101</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFDB55B31" box="[151,583,1614,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFDB55B31" blockId="3.[151,583,1614,1640]" box="[151,583,1614,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<heading id="D09CE52EFFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFDB55B31" bold="true" box="[151,583,1614,1640]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFDB55B31" ID-CoL="65ZNH" authority="Donovan, 1808" authorityName="Donovan" authorityYear="1808" box="[151,583,1614,1640]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFDB55B31" bold="true" box="[151,583,1614,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCDFFC9FF49F9FBFE815B31" bold="true" box="[151,371,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Amblyraja radiata</emphasis>
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(Donovan, 1808)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFCDFFC9FF49F920FC6C5A67" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCDFFC9FF49F920FC6C5A67" blockId="3.[151,1437,1685,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCDFFC9FF49F920FEC25BF7" bold="true" box="[151,304,1685,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Starry skate (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCDFFC9FE14F923FDCE5BF4" box="[458,572,1685,1709]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCDFFC9FE14F923FDCE5BF4" box="[458,572,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">A. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is a boreo-Arctic species that, in the Northeast Atlantic, is common from the central North Sea to
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFCDFFC9FE56F90CFE295B8B" box="[392,475,1721,1746]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Iceland</collectingCountry>
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and the Barents Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCDFFC9FD04F90CFBFF5B8B" author="Stehmann" box="[730,1037,1721,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. & Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann & Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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). Verified records submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt were usually collected along North Sea coasts, from north
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFCDFFC9FBCDF968FB9E5BAF" box="[1043,1132,1757,1782]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
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up to the
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFCDFFC9FB02F968FA6B5BAF" box="[1244,1433,1757,1782]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFCDFFC9FB02F968FACC5BAF" box="[1244,1342,1757,1782]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Shetland</collectingCountry>
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Islands
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</collectingRegion>
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. However, one unusually large specimen (
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFCDFFC9FDA5F8B4FD125A43" box="[635,736,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[311,1269,197,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[300,1287,193,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eggcases of (a) Amblyraja radiata (large specimen from Borth, Cardigan Bay), (b) A. radiata (typical specimen from North Sea) and (c) Leucoraja naevus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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a) was reported in
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<date id="FFD57482FFCDFFC9FC1CF8B7FBAF5A43" box="[962,1117,1793,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" value="2015-01">January 2015</date>
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from Borth, Cardigan Bay (
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFCDFFC9FF41F890FF1B5A67" box="[159,233,1829,1854]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Wales</collectingCountry>
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), which is outside the expected geographic range (see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFA6B5AAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFA6B5AAB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1685,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<materialsCitation id="3B03581FFFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFA6B5AAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291550996" collectionCode="BMNH" county="North Sea" elevation="104" latitude="61.3" location="Material" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFE435A3B" bold="true" box="[199,433,1865,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFEDD5A3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF19F8FCFEDD5A3B" box="[199,303,1865,1890]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="Material" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FE67F8FCFDCF5A3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FE67F8FCFDCF5A3B" box="[441,573,1865,1890]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="Ninety-four" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Ninety-four</location>
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eggcases were examined in total (excluding the unusual specimen collected from
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF0AF8D8FEEB5ADF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF0AF8D8FEEB5ADF" box="[212,281,1901,1926]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="Borth" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Borth</location>
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).
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FEF2F8D8FE575ADF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FEF2F8D8FE575ADF" box="[300,421,1901,1926]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="Specimens" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Specimens</location>
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were obtained primarily from
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FD21F8D8FC825ADF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FD21F8D8FC825ADF" box="[767,880,1901,1926]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="North Sea" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">North Sea</location>
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trawl surveys (n = 79) with additional specimens available from beach collections (n = 10) and museum specimens (n = 5) historically collected from
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FAD3F824FA6E5AF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FAD3F824FA6E5AF3" box="[1293,1436,1937,1962]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="Scarborough" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Scarborough</location>
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(
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<location id="8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF40F800FEE05A97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCDFFC9FF40F800FEE05A97" box="[158,274,1973,1998]" county="North Sea" latitude="61.3" longLatPrecision="6162" longitude="5.8" municipality="Specimens" name="North Sea" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">North Sea</location>
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coast,
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFCDFFC9FEBFF803FE475A94" box="[353,437,1974,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1928.2.8.2.1–4,
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFCDFFC9FDAAF803FD3A5A94" box="[628,712,1974,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1928.1.11.1).
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB0C838FFCDFFC9FCB5F800FC175A97" box="[875,997,1973,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
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from the
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<collectingCounty id="62B52ACEFFCDFFC9FB8AF800FB345A97" box="[1108,1222,1973,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">North Sea</collectingCounty>
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were captured at a range of trawl locations over the area from 55.6–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F3485FFCDFFC9FD63F86CFCFE5AAB" box="[701,780,2009,2034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" precision="5555" value="61.3">61.3°N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F3485FFCDFFC9FC9CF86CFC785AAB" box="[834,906,2009,2034]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" precision="5555" value="-0.5">0.5°W</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5F3485FFCDFFC9FC70F86CFC025AAB" box="[942,1008,2009,2034]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" precision="5555" value="5.8">5.8°E</geoCoordinate>
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, ranging from
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<elevation id="0046B571FFCDFFC9FB48F86FFAF55AA8" box="[1174,1287,2010,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="37.0">
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCDFFC9FB48F86FFAF55AA8" box="[1174,1287,2010,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="37.0">37–170 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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water depth.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF1402CAFFCAFFCEFF49FB83FDB95933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272103/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" targetBox="[311,1269,197,1049]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCAFFCEFF49FB83FDB95933" blockId="4.[151,1436,1078,1131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFF49FB83FEE65912" bold="true" box="[151,276,1078,1100]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Eggcases of (a)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCAFFCEFE1FFB83FD8D5915" box="[449,639,1078,1100]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFE1FFB83FD8D5915" box="[449,639,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Amblyraja radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(large specimen from Borth, Cardigan Bay), (b)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCAFFCEFBA6FB82FB125915" box="[1144,1248,1078,1100]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFBA6FB82FB125915" box="[1144,1248,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">A. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(typical specimen from North Sea) and (c)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCAFFCEFE4EFBE3FDB75932" box="[400,581,1110,1131]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Leucoraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naevus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFE4EFBE3FDB75932" box="[400,581,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Leucoraja naevus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFCAFFCEFF19FB27FE9D5B6F" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCAFFCEFF19FB27FE9D5B6F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1170,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFF19FB27FEAB59F2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1170,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Description.</emphasis>
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The eggcase of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCAFFCEFDCDFB27FD7759F3" box="[531,645,1170,1194]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFDCDFB27FD7759F3" box="[531,645,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">A. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFCAFFCEFD4BFB27FD0759F2" box="[661,757,1170,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[311,1269,197,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[300,1287,193,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eggcases of (a) Amblyraja radiata (large specimen from Borth, Cardigan Bay), (b) A. radiata (typical specimen from North Sea) and (c) Leucoraja naevus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272103/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b) is generally small. Excluding the large aberrant specimen from Borth, the mean total eggcase length is 101.2 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFD2CFB00FCA55997" box="[754,855,1205,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range = 72.2–129.0), and eggcase length is 34.2 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFF49FB6FFF1C59AB" box="[151,238,1242,1266]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFE85FB6FFDF359AB" box="[347,513,1242,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="3.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="34.7" valueMax="36.7" valueMin="32.7">32.7–36.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) without horns. Eggcase width is 32.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFC0EFB6FFBD559AB" box="[976,1063,1242,1267]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFBE8FB6FFB2D59AB" box="[1078,1247,1242,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.115" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="31.15" valueMax="36.7" valueMin="25.6">25.6–36.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The length and width of eggcases from historical museum specimens (n = 5) were within the size ranges recorded in contemporary samples. The dorsal surface is strongly convex and, when newly laid, covered in a thin fibrous layer. The ventral surface is slightly convex in shape but much flatter in comparison to the dorsal surface. Both capsule surfaces have longitudinal striations and latitudinal ridges that give a distinctive texture and pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFCAFFCEFBB3FADFFB3C58DB" box="[1133,1230,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,306,1035]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[325,1262,301,1040]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eggcase capsule surface structures for (a) Amblyraja radiata (b) Dipturus batis (c) Raja clavata (d) Rostroraja alba (taken with USB Digital Microscope)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a), ranging from a delicate lattice appearance to a fine rippled effect. Lateral keels (which are often damaged or lost in older specimens) run the length of the capsule from the base of the anterior horns to the base of the posterior horns, and represent an average of 17% of the total capsule width. The anterior apron is straight while the posterior apron is much shallower and concave. The anterior horns taper to form fine, filamentous tubes while the posterior horns terminate in hooks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFCAFFCFFF19F9F7FF215F39" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCAFFCFFF19F9F7FD7B5D8C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1170,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03581FFFCAFFCFFF19F9F7FD7B5D8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291551002" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="260" latitude="63.5" location="northern European" municipality="Nordgaard" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFF19F9F7FEC95B02" bold="true" box="[199,315,1602,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is one of the smallest skate eggcases found in
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFC53F9F7FB925B03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFC53F9F7FB925B03" box="[909,1120,1602,1627]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="northern European" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">northern European</location>
|
||
shelf seas, and the textured surface on each side is highly distinctive.
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFDADF9D0FD6D5B27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFDADF9D0FD6D5B27" box="[627,671,1637,1662]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">The</location>
|
||
fragile lateral keels are often broken in stranded specimens, and so this feature alone should not be used for identification.
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFCDEF93EFCB35BFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFCDEF93EFCB35BFA" box="[768,833,1675,1699]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="Many" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Many</location>
|
||
specimens collected by trawl surveys had small boreholes on the capsule surfaces, indicating predation by gastropod molluscs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFC2EF91BFB5D5B9F" author="Cox" box="[1008,1199,1710,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Cox, D. L., Walker, P. & Koob, T. J. (1999). Predation on eggs of the thorny skate. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 128, 380 - 384." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Cox
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFBF7F91AFB915B9F" box="[1065,1123,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFB1AF918FA6E5B9F" author="Templeman" box="[1220,1436,1709,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Templeman, W. (1982) Development, occurrence and characteristics of egg capsules of the thorny skate, Raja radiata, in the Northwest Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 3, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFB1AF918FABA5B9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFB1AF918FABA5B9F" box="[1220,1352,1709,1734]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="Templeman" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Templeman</location>
|
||
(1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the small size of eggcases from
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFD9EF967FD425BB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFD9EF967FD425BB3" box="[576,688,1746,1771]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="North Sea" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">North Sea</location>
|
||
populations,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFC99F966FC9B5BB3" box="[839,873,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFCB1F967FC4C5BB3" box="[879,958,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFBC1F967FB9C5BB3" box="[1055,1134,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and even as small as
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFF49F943FF145A57" box="[151,230,1782,1806]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFED1F940FEAC5A57" box="[271,350,1781,1806]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFEB3F940FE045A57" author="Clark" box="[365,502,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Clark, R. S. (1926) Rays and skates. A revision of the European species. Scientific Investigations, Fishery Board of Scotland, 1, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1926">Clark, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFDD4F940FDAA5A57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFDD4F940FDAA5A57" box="[522,600,1781,1806]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="Spatial" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Spatial</location>
|
||
differences in eggcase size are known for this species, with eggcases from more northerly parts of the
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFE08F8AFFD5C5A6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFE08F8AFFD5C5A6A" box="[470,686,1818,1843]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="Northwest Atlantic" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Northwest Atlantic</location>
|
||
waters
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFCD4F8AFFC745A6B" box="[778,902,1818,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="67.5" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="61.0">61–74 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFC22F8AFFB855A6B" box="[1020,1143,1818,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="41.0">41–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and eggcases from further south ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFE09F888FDA65A0F" box="[471,596,1853,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="83.5" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="71.0">71–96 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFD10F888FCB95A0F" box="[718,843,1853,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="77.0" valueMin="53.0">53–77 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFC40F888FBAB5A0F" author="Vladykov" box="[926,1113,1853,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Vladykov, V. - D. (1936) Capsules d'oeufs de raies de l'Atlantique Canadien appartenant au genre Raja. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 63, 211 - 231." type="journal article" year="1936">Vladykov, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFBB7F888FAC85A0F" author="Templeman" box="[1129,1338,1853,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Templeman, W. (1982) Development, occurrence and characteristics of egg capsules of the thorny skate, Raja radiata, in the Northwest Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 3, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="1982">Templeman, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFA8CF88AFF135A23" author="Jensen" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Jensen, A. S. (1914) The selachians of Greenland. Copenhagen: B. Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 40 pp + plate. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11662" type="book" year="1914">
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFA8CF88AFA6F5A0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFA8CF88AFA6F5A0F" box="[1362,1437,1855,1878]" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="Jensen" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Jensen</location>
|
||
(1914)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided data from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFCAFFCEFE17F8D7FDCC5A22" box="[457,574,1890,1915]" name="Greenland" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters, and these specimens were larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFBC7F8D7FB675A23" box="[1049,1173,1890,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="44.0">44–68 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than in the
|
||
<location id="8EB40499FFCAFFCEFAFAF8D7FF3B5AC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFCDFFCFFF49F9FBFF215F39:8EB40499FFCAFFCEFAFAF8D7FF3B5AC7" country="Greenland" county="Trondheim Fjord" latitude="63.5" municipality="Nordgaard" name="North Sea. This" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">North Sea. This</location>
|
||
author also provided more detailed measurements for a sub-sample, with these ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFB37F830FA915AC7" box="[1257,1379,1925,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="62.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="56.0">56–68 mm</quantity>
|
||
long without horns,
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFE9DF81FFE2B5A9B" box="[323,473,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4949999999999999" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="149.5" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="127.0">127–172 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with horns, and
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFD08F81FFCA25A9B" box="[726,848,1962,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="42.0">42–51 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCAFFCEFC18F81FFB635A9B" author="Nordgaard" box="[966,1169,1962,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1917) Contributions to the life history of the fishes in Trondhjem Fjord and Environs. Meddelelse fra Trondhjems Biologiske Station, 10, 38 pp." type="book" year="1917">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB0C838FFCAFFCEFC18F81FFBCC5A9A" box="[966,1086,1962,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Nordgaard</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(1917)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the eggcases and development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCAFFCEFEA5F87BFE1E5ABF" box="[379,492,1998,2022]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFEA5F87BFE1E5ABF" box="[379,492,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">A. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B52ACEFFCAFFCEFDEEF878FD1C5ABF" box="[560,750,1997,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Trondheim Fjord</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCAFFCEFD20F87AFCD25ABF" box="[766,800,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F3485FFCAFFCEFCF8F878FC885ABF" box="[806,890,1997,2022]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" precision="5555" value="63.5">63.5°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), with these eggcases
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCEFBAEF878FB1B5ABF" box="[1136,1257,1997,2022]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCAFFCFFA88F87BFF315DF6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="260" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="40.0">40–48 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The total eggcase lengths measured in the present study were all smaller than previous reports (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E967F9FFCBFFCFFAE9FF22FA795DE9" box="[1335,1419,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[119,204,553,575]" captionTargetBox="[119,1868,631,1415]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. (Continueđ)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" tableUuid="DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), although eggcase width was broadly similar.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFCBFFCFFF19FF6AFF215F39" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
|
||
The unusual specimen submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt from Borth (total eggcase length =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFAFEFF55FA6A5DAE" box="[1312,1432,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.749" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="174.9">174.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; capsule length =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFE8BFEB1FE4E5C45" box="[341,444,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="73.1">73.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eggcase width =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFD5DFEB1FD185C45" box="[643,746,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="68.4">68.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; capsule width =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFC73FEB1FBE05C45" box="[941,1042,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.279999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="52.8">52.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) far exceeded the measurements of North Sea specimens in this study and even from those recorded in other parts of the Atlantic (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E967F9FFCBFFCFFB3FFE92FAC55C19" box="[1249,1335,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[119,204,553,575]" captionTargetBox="[119,1868,631,1415]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. (Continueđ)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" tableUuid="DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Whilst early ichthyological accounts reported on the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCBFFCFFC88FEF9FC3D5C3D" box="[854,975,332,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFC88FEF9FC3D5C3D" box="[854,975,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">A. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Irish Sea, there are no recent, authenticated captures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCBFFCFFE74FEDAFD855CD1" author="Ellis" box="[426,631,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refString="Ellis, J. R., Armstrong, M. J, Rogers, S. I. & Service, M. (2002) The distribution, structure and diversity of fish assemblages in the Irish Sea. In: Nunn, J. D. (Ed.), Marine biodiversity in Ireland and adjacent waters. Ulster Museum, Belfast, pp. 93 - 114." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Ellis
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFE35FEC4FDDB5CD1" box="[491,553,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCBFFCFFD59FEDAFD315CD1" author="Ellis" box="[647,707,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refString="Ellis, J. R., Cruz-Martinez, A., Rackham, B. D. & Rogers, S. I. (2005) The distribution of chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 35, 195 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2960 / J. v 35. m 485" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and so the origin of this eggcase is uncertain. Whilst other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCBFFCFFE40FE21FDE65CF5" box="[414,532,404,428]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFE40FE21FDE65CF5" box="[414,532,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Amblyraja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may occur in deep waters north of the British Isles, none occur in the coastal zone.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFCBFFCFFF00FE0DFE8C5C89" author="Jensen" box="[222,382,440,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refString="Jensen, A. S. (1914) The selachians of Greenland. Copenhagen: B. Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 40 pp + plate. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11662" type="book" year="1914">Jensen (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the eggcase of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCBFFCFFD6DFE0DFB9A5C89" authority="Collett, 1879" authorityName="Collett" authorityYear="1879" box="[691,1128,439,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFD6DFE0DFC465C89" box="[691,948,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Amblyraja hyperborea</emphasis>
|
||
(Collett, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and two eggcases of this species (provided by A. Lynghammar, Arctic University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFCBFFCFFCE9FE69FC615CAD" box="[823,915,476,500]" name="Norway" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were available to measure during this study - both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCBFFCFFF0CFDB5FE865F41" box="[210,372,512,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFF0CFDB5FE865F41" box="[210,372,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">A. hyperborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were much larger than documented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFCBFFCFFC44FDB5FBFD5F41" box="[922,1039,512,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFCBFFCFFC44FDB5FBFD5F41" box="[922,1039,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">A. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (total eggcase length =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFF49FD91FEFE5F65" box="[151,268,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.562" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="256.2">256.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eggcase length =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFE06FD91FDBF5F65" box="[472,589,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="122.5">122.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; capsule length =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFCCBFD91FC8E5F65" box="[789,892,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="75.3">75.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eggcase width = 66.0 mm; capsule width =
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFCBFFCFFAB5FD91FF3A5F39" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.43" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="54.3">54.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |