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<mods:title id="B0EE8C34533901830928960A882BEB79">Generic revision of the staphylinid beetle tribe Hoplandriini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3F2726015069FFDDC1C5FA54FF6EFA29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5490954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5490954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F2726015069FFDDC1C5FA54FF6EFA29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F2726015069FFDDC1C5FA54FF6EFA29" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<subSubSection id="FF94C49C5069FFDEC1C5FA54FD76F9ED" box="[142,758,1535,1559]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC1C5FA54FD76F9ED" blockId="36.[142,758,1535,1559]" box="[142,758,1535,1559]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<heading id="EC79207B5069FFDEC1C5FA54FD76F9ED" allCaps="true" box="[142,758,1535,1559]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" reason="9">
GENUS
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945069FFDEC1AEF9ABFDE2F9ED" ID-CoL="8XMCW" authority="HANLEY &amp; ASHE, 1998" authorityName="HANLEY &amp; ASHE" authorityYear="1998" box="[229,610,1535,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC1AEF9ABFED6F9EC" box="[229,342,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">LIGULATA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65069FFDEC016FA54FDE2F9ED" author="Hanley RS &amp; Ashe JS" box="[349,610,1535,1559]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" pagination="183 - 191" refId="ref37925" refString="Hanley RS, Ashe JS. 1998. A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World. Tropical Zoology 11: 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1998">HANLEY &amp; ASHE, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(FIGS 19,20)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FF94C49C5069FFDEC1C5F983FE68F9A7" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC1C5F983FE68F9A7" blockId="36.[142,758,1576,1629]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979EB0395069FFDEC1C5F983FE68F9A7" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065069FFDEC1C5F983FDFCF9C7" author="Hanley RS &amp; Ashe JS" box="[142,636,1576,1598]" page="184" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" year="1998">
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945069FFDEC1C5F983FDFCF9C7" ID-CoL="8XMCW" authority="Hanley &amp; Ashe, 1998: 184" authorityName="HANLEY &amp; ASHE" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1998" box="[142,636,1576,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC1C5F983FF70F9C7" box="[142,240,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Ligulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65069FFDEC05BF983FDFCF9C7" author="Hanley RS &amp; Ashe JS" box="[272,636,1576,1598]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" pagination="183 - 191" refId="ref37925" refString="Hanley RS, Ashe JS. 1998. A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World. Tropical Zoology 11: 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1998">Hanley &amp; Ashe, 1998:184</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065069FFDEC3D4F983FE85F9A6" author="Hanley RS" page="301" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65069FFDEC3D4F983FE85F9A6" author="Hanley RS" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref37747" refString="Hanley RS. 2002 a. Phylogeny and higher classification of Hoplandriini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Systematic Entomology 27: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2002">Hanley, 2002a:301</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Hanley, in press b.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FF94C49C5069FFDDC1C5F9DEFF6EFA29" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC1C5F9DEFEA6F953" blockId="36.[142,758,1653,1705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC1C5F9DEFE9FF970" box="[142,287,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<typeStatus id="683529B55069FFDEC1C5F9DEFF43F970" box="[142,195,1653,1674]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945069FFDEC067F9DEFD76F971" authority="Hanley &amp; Ashe (1998)" authorityName="Hanley &amp; Ashe" authorityYear="1998" box="[300,758,1653,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC067F9DEFE71F970" box="[300,497,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Ligulata hansoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65069FFDEC0B2F9DEFD76F971" author="Hanley RS &amp; Ashe JS" box="[505,758,1653,1675]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" pagination="183 - 191" refId="ref37925" refString="Hanley RS, Ashe JS. 1998. A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World. Tropical Zoology 11: 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1998">Hanley &amp; Ashe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC1C5F969FC0BFE35" blockId="36.[142,758,1729,1905]" lastBlockId="36.[806,1422,196,463]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC1C5F969FE85F92D" box="[142,261,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
This genus is distinguishable from the other genera of
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945069FFDEC018F94BFE65F90C" authorityName="HANLEY" authorityYear="2002" box="[339,485,1760,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Platandriina">Platandriina</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: body average in size,
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; eyes average in size, 0.4–0.6 times length of head; apex of galea densely covered with rows of very long hairs, giving appearance of flowing hairs; labial palps with three distinct articles; mesosternum without a medial carina; mesocoxal cavities widely separated, completely separated by meso- and metasternal processes; empodial bristle of hind legs distinctly longer than tarsal claws; apices of abdominal terga with typical macrosetae, not large, heavy, black setae; abdominal tergum IX with a distinct crescentshaped setal pattern; males without secondary sexual features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC26DFE46FAD6FD40" blockId="36.[806,1422,492,698]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC26DFE46FC2EFDF8" box="[806,942,493,514]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Description:</emphasis>
In agreement with
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945069FFDEC5E2FE47FAA6FDFB" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1893" box="[1193,1318,492,513]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC5E2FE47FAA6FDFB" box="[1193,1318,492,513]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Platandria</emphasis>
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description, except for the following characters. [1] Lengths of adults
<quantity id="70763AF25069FFDEC232FD81FB82FDC5" box="[889,1026,554,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="36" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.4 mm</quantity>
. [2] Body (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC5C3FD81FB68FDBA" box="[1160,1256,554,576]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
) robust, elongate in dorsal outline, more or less tapering from broad base of pronotum and elytra towards apex of abdomen, [3] surface more or less glossy, evenly pubescent with [4] faintly reticulate microsculpturing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDEC26DFD7CFCF9FC3E" blockId="36.[806,1422,727,964]" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC26DFD7CFCEAFD16" box="[806,874,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Head:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC235FD7CFC5EFD14" box="[894,990,727,750]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
) [10] Distinctly broader than long. [11] Eyes moderate in size, 0.4–0.6 times length of head. [13] Infraorbital carina strongly developed and complete. Antenna with [15] articles 1–3 elongate, 2– 8 times longer than wide; [16] segment 4 slightly elongate, 1.2 times longer than wide; [17] articles 5–10 slightly elongate to quadrate; [18] coeloconical sensilla absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B73197175069FFDCC26DFC4AFDA5F981" blockId="36.[806,1422,993,1905]" lastBlockId="38.[142,757,1575,1659]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055069FFDEC26DFC4AFC32FC0C" box="[806,946,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Mouthparts:</emphasis>
Labrum (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC57AFC4AFB10FC0D" box="[1073,1168,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
) with epipharyngeal area with [21] numerous, moderately large pores present between longitudinal sensory field and lateral sclerotized areas (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC543FB96FBEAFBA9" box="[1032,1130,1085,1107]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
). Mandible (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC446FB96FA05FBA9" box="[1293,1413,1085,1107]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19D,E</figureCitation>
) [22] asymmetrical with right with a distinct median tooth, left without median tooth; [23] apex more or less acute and curved adorally; [24] condylar molar patch moderate in size, width less than 1/5 of basal mandibular width, [25] composed of very small denticles, [26] densely arranged in irregular transverse rows; [27] subcondylar molar patch moderate in size, width about 1/4 of basal mandibular width; dorsobasal ‘velvety patch’ [28] very large, width about 2/3 of width of mandibular base, [29] modified into 4 transverse rows of moderately large teeth. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC5F1FA24FA98FA5F" box="[1210,1304,1423,1445]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19F</figureCitation>
) with [31] lacinia about as long as galea, [32] lacinia acute apically, [33] teeth on adoral margin short to relatively long, about 2–15 times longer than wide, with [36] numerous setae and 2 large spinose setae on dorsal surface; [37] galea broad, width subequal to lacinea at widest area, and obliquely truncate apically, [38] membranous in apical 1/2–1/3, [39] densely covered with rows of very long, fine hairs. Labium (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC46EF92FFA06F960" box="[1317,1414,1668,1690]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19G</figureCitation>
) with ligula [45] elongate, as long or longer than labial palpi 1 + 2, [46] broadened apically with [47] rounded apex, [48] with numerous long hairs irregularly arranged; [49] two long medial setae of prementum present, longer than ligula; [53] median pseudopore field narrow and linear, with numerous pseudopores; [55] hypoglossal lobes (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925069FFDEC573F8F0FB1CF88B" box="[1080,1180,1883,1905]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="119">Fig. 19H</figureCitation>
) very long, typically reaching to midpoint of ligula, [56] with long, about 3.0–5.5 times longer than width of lobe, comb-like internally curved setae, [57] along entire length of adoral surface. Labial palpi (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925068FFDFC0BAF8F1FDD2F88A" box="[497,594,1882,1904]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="120">Fig. 19G</figureCitation>
) [58] elongate, overall length 5.5–7.0 times longer than greatest width, [60] with distal pore field composed of two small, weakly defined pores; [61] segment 1 about 3.7 times longer than segment 2, [62] segment 3 about 2.9 times longer than segment 2.
<collectingRegion id="754A59F5506BFFDCC0ABF983FDC1F9C7" box="[480,577,1576,1597]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Mentum</collectingRegion>
with [67] many sensory pores more or less uniformly distributed in middle 2/3, primarily near midline.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F1C79F5068FFDFC1D0F9C3FC44F962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="120" startId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" targetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="B73197175068FFDFC1D0F9C3FC44F962" blockId="37.[155,1435,1640,1688]" pageId="37" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055068FFDFC1D0F9C3FE90F981" bold="true" box="[155,272,1640,1659]" pageId="37" pageNumber="120">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945068FFDFC050F9C3FDFDF981" authority="Hanley &amp; Ashe." authorityName="Hanley &amp; Ashe." box="[283,637,1640,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
<emphasis id="85FA4B055068FFDFC050F9C3FE4FF981" box="[283,463,1640,1659]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="120">Ligulata hansoni</emphasis>
Hanley &amp; Ashe.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E3F1C79F506BFFDCC1C5FAD0FD24FA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5437834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437834/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="121" startId="38.[142,220,1403,1422]" targetBox="[148,1420,206,1370]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="B7319717506BFFDCC1C5FAD0FD24FA56" blockId="38.[142,1422,1403,1452]" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506BFFDCC1C5FAD0FE83FA74" bold="true" box="[142,259,1403,1422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506BFFDCC044FAD7FDF1FA75" authority="Hanley &amp; Ashe." authorityName="Hanley &amp; Ashe." box="[271,625,1404,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506BFFDCC044FAD7FE43FA75" box="[271,451,1404,1423]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Ligulata hansoni</emphasis>
Hanley &amp; Ashe.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum IX. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B7319717506BFFDCC1C5F908FB91F88A" blockId="38.[142,758,1698,1905]" lastBlockId="38.[806,1423,1576,1905]" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506BFFDCC1C5F908FF66F942" box="[142,230,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506BFFDCC034F908FE5FF943" box="[383,479,1699,1721]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
) [68] transverse, [69] about 1.7 times wider than long, [70] strongly convex, about as wide at base as base of elytra. Setae [72] directed primarily posteriorly. Elytra [74] moderately broad, slightly wider apically than basally; [75] apicolateral angles slightly sinuate; [76] elytra together about 1.9–2.2 times as wide as long; microsetae [78] uniformly distributed. Mesocoxal cavities (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506BFFDCC46DF983FA07F9C4" box="[1318,1415,1576,1598]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[142,220,1403,1422]" captionTargetBox="[148,1420,206,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-216@38.[135,1437,194,1382]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum IX. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437834/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="121">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
) [81] widely separated by meso- and metasternal processes, by about 1/4 length of coxal cavities. Mesosternal process [82] longer than metasternal process, extended to basal 5/6 of coxal cavities; [83] meso- and metasternal processes in contact, isthmus absent; [84] mesosternal process slightly rounded to flattened. Metasternum [85] shorter than width of mesocoxae. Legs with [93] empodial bristle longer than tarsal claws; [94] segment 1 of hind tarsus about 1.3 times length of segment 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FF6FFDBFFF02" blockId="39.[155,770,195,249]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FF6FFE8BFF23" box="[155,267,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Abdomen:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506AFFDDC057FF6FFE15FF20" box="[284,405,196,218]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1640,1659]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-126@37.[176,1412,196,1608]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 19. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437832/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Fig. 19A,B</figureCitation>
) [97] Narrowly fusiform, tapering apically to broadly pointed apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FEBAFE3BFEBF" blockId="39.[155,768,272,325]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FEBAFDABFEDC" box="[155,555,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Secondary sexual characteristics:</emphasis>
[102,103,104,105, 106,107,108,109] Absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FEF6FDE6FDB0" blockId="39.[155,771,349,586]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FEF6FE8DFE88" box="[155,269,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Aedeagus:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506AFFDDC069FEF6FE02FE89" box="[290,386,349,371]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[142,220,1403,1422]" captionTargetBox="[148,1420,206,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-216@38.[135,1437,194,1382]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum IX. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437834/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
) Bulb of median lobe [110] more or less elongate, length slightly shorter to subequal to length of tube, [111] with very small ventral projection; [113] parameres (
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506AFFDDC0E6FE12FD8FFE35" box="[429,527,441,463]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[142,220,1403,1422]" captionTargetBox="[148,1420,206,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-216@38.[135,1437,194,1382]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum IX. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437834/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
) with apical lobe of paramerite relatively short and narrow, not extended beyond velum; [115] paramerite anterior margin flattened to slightly concave; condylite [117] generally shorter in length to apex of paramerite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FDC9FEC4FD4F" blockId="39.[155,771,609,693]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FDC9FEB6FD8D" box="[155,310,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Spermatheca:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92506AFFDDC000FDC9FE2BFD82" box="[331,427,610,632]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[142,220,1403,1422]" captionTargetBox="[148,1420,206,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-216@38.[135,1437,194,1382]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Ligulata hansoni Hanley &amp; Ashe. (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum IX. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437834/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
) [118] L-shaped; neck, [120] bent at about 90∞ angle; and tube, [121] membranous, loosely curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FD66FD84FCDB" blockId="39.[155,770,717,801]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FD66FF79FD18" box="[155,249,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Habitat:</emphasis>
Unknown. All specimens of this genus were collected using Malaise traps at
<quantity id="70763AF2506AFFDDC34EFD47FDDAFCFB" box="[517,602,748,770]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
elevation near Zurqui de Moravia,
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787506AFFDDC0CAFCA0FD80FCDB" box="[385,512,779,801]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1D0FC92FE69FBDF" blockId="39.[155,771,825,1491]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FC92FE99FCB4" box="[155,281,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Comments:</emphasis>
As mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE6506AFFDDC0BFFC92FD7EFCB5" author="Hanley RS &amp; Ashe JS" box="[500,766,825,847]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" pagination="183 - 191" refId="ref37925" refString="Hanley RS, Ashe JS. 1998. A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World. Tropical Zoology 11: 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1998">Hanley &amp; Ashe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC07CFCFCFE19FC96" authorityName="HANLEY &amp; ASHE" authorityYear="1998" box="[311,409,855,876]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC07CFCFCFE19FC96" box="[311,409,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC1D0FCDDFE98FC71" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1893" box="[155,280,886,907]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FCDDFE98FC71" box="[155,280,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Platandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However they differ from this latter genus in structure of the maxilla, the long setose ligula and the broadly separated mesocoxae (see
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE6506AFFDDC32BFC18FEE3FC12" author="Genier F &amp; Klimaszewski J" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" pagination="201 - 216" refId="ref37611" refString="Genier F, Klimaszewski J. 1986. Review of the types of the genus Platandria Casey with a key to the species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Coleopterists Bulletin 40: 201 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Génier &amp; Klimaszewski, 1986</bibRefCitation>
for a discussion of characters of
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC1D0FC5AFE98FBFC" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1893" box="[155,280,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FC5AFE98FBFC" box="[155,280,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Platandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC07CFC5AFE19FBFC" authorityName="HANLEY &amp; ASHE" authorityYear="1998" box="[311,409,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC07CFC5AFE19FBFC" box="[311,409,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of one species,
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC1D0FBBBFE69FBDF" authority="Hanley and Ashe." authorityName="Hanley and Ashe." box="[155,489,1039,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FBBBFF2BFBDF" box="[155,171,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1F3FBA4FE93FBDE" box="[184,275,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">hansoni</emphasis>
Hanley and Ashe.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7319717506AFFDDC1F8FB85FF6EFA29" blockId="39.[155,771,825,1491]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC1F8FB85FE95FBB9" authorityName="HANLEY &amp; ASHE" authorityYear="1998" box="[179,277,1070,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ligulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1F8FB85FE95FBB9" box="[179,277,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be closely related to the genus
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC1D0FBE6FEA0FB98" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1986" box="[155,288,1101,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bessoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC1D0FBE6FEA0FB98" box="[155,288,1101,1122]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Bessoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares the following possible synapomorphies: ligula long with numerous long setae at apex; and hypoglossal lobes long, comb-like with long, internally curved setae. Unfortunately, this hypothesis of relationship remains tenuous because I have not been able to study specimens of
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC33DFB4DFD7BFB01" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1986" box="[630,763,1254,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bessoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC33DFB4DFD7BFB01" box="[630,763,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Bessoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus was originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE6506AFFDDC332FAAEFC83FAE1" author="Pace R" box="[633,771,1285,1307]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" pagination="417 - 467" refId="ref38905" refString="Pace R. 1986. Aleocharinae del Peru (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (LXXXV contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae). Redia 69: 417 - 467." type="journal article" year="1986">Pace (1986)</bibRefCitation>
from
<specimenCount id="A1885C9E506AFFDDC196FA8FFEFBFAC3" box="[221,379,1315,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
of the
<typeStatus id="683529B5506AFFDDC090FA8FFD8CFAC3" box="[475,524,1316,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94506AFFDDC336FA88FE04FAA2" authority="Pace. The" authorityName="Pace. The" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bessoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="85FA4B05506AFFDDC336FA88FE8FFAA2" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="122">Bessoglossa peruviana</emphasis>
Pace. The
</taxonomicName>
specimen was noted in the original publication to have been deposited in the personal collection of Dr Herbert Franz. Unfortunately, repeated attempts to borrow this specimen ended in failure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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