194 lines
22 KiB
XML
194 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7E57C1A4A9CAA803BB5CB07BBCF2A352">Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0509F859B6454EC18EF1515A23BB78C7">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="379930855B2D793391FC271CCECDAD00">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="019A18CA0F4BEF50262D501E71AE60F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7A6821EEFD4A5FFE9FAAE993BE2EB31D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0892174025DB2862BDB951B9B6FDBA58">4175</mods:number>
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<treatment id="953787B9FF9EFFF95CF0FA478622F84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055243" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF9EFFF95CF0FA478622F84D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/953787B9FF9EFFF95CF0FA478622F84D" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF9EFFF95CF0FA4784AFFA53" blockId="17.[151,468,1489,1515]" box="[151,468,1489,1515]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<heading id="466981C3FF9EFFF95CF0FA4784AFFA53" bold="true" box="[151,468,1489,1515]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95CF0FA4784AFFA53" ID-CoL="7PFPV" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,468,1489,1515]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CF0FA4784AFFA53" bold="true" box="[151,468,1489,1515]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CF0FA47846BFA53" bold="true" box="[151,272,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D71FA4784AFFA53" author="Stimpson" box="[278,468,1489,1515]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444, 532." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF9EFFF95CF0F98E8422F9D3" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF9EFFF95CF0F98E8422F9D3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1560,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3D8E1181FF9EFFF95CF0F98E8422F9D3" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95CF0F98E84A3F996" ID-CoL="7PFPV" authority="Stimpson 1857: 530" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityPageNumber="530" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,472,1560,1582]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CF0F98E8585F996" box="[151,254,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95D61F98E84A3F996" author="Stimpson" box="[262,472,1560,1582]" page="530" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1857">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D61F98E84D8F996" author="Stimpson" box="[262,419,1560,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444, 532." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
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: 530
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95D83F98E87E7F996" author="Perrier" box="[484,668,1560,1582]" page="377" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D83F98E8713F996" author="Perrier" box="[484,616,1560,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expedition Scientifique Travailleur-Talismann, 3, 1 - 431." type="journal article" year="1894">Perrier 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 377
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95ECFF98E8627F996" author="Verrill" box="[680,860,1560,1582]" page="178" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95ECFF98E865CF996" author="Verrill" box="[680,807,1560,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234." type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 178
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95F0FF98E8162F996" author="Fisher" box="[872,1049,1560,1582]" page="196" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95F0FF98E869EF996" author="Fisher" box="[872,997,1560,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76: xiii + 420 pp. 122 pls." type="book" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 196
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95841F98E81A2F996" author="Verrill" box="[1062,1241,1560,1582]" page="295" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95841F98E81DEF996" author="Verrill" box="[1062,1189,1560,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska series: US National Museum, 14, 1 - 408 pp." type="journal article" year="1914">Verrill 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 295
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1915: 108;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF9593BF98E8454F9F4" author="Fisher" page="255" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF9593BF98E8586F9F4" author="Fisher" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547. 156 pls" type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95D5EF9A18496F9F4" author="Macan" box="[313,493,1590,1612]" page="369" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D5EF9A184C1F9F4" author="Macan" box="[313,442,1590,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports. Vo l. IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 369
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95D90F9A187B0F9F4" author="Clark" box="[503,715,1590,1612]" page="83" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1946">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D90F9A187DEF9F4" author="Clark" box="[503,677,1590,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Clark, H. L. (1946) The Echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 566, 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1946">H. L. Clark 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 83
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF95EB2F9A086D3F9F4" author="Bernasconi" box="[725,936,1590,1612]" page="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95EB2F9A086F8F9F4" author="Bernasconi" box="[725,899,1590,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Bernasconi I. (1963) Asteroideos argentinos. 4. Familia Goniasteridae. Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. Zoologia, 9 (1), 1 - 25, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1963">Bernasconi 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 11
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Halpern 1970: 202;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C3F10BEFF9EFFF9581BF9A080E3F9F4" author="Clark" box="[1148,1432,1590,1612]" page="251" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF9581BF9A0801DF9F4" author="Clark" box="[1148,1382,1590,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 251
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</treatmentCitation>
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. (as
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95C8CF9C38429F9D3" ID-CoL="7PFPV" box="[235,338,1621,1643]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95C8CF9C38429F9D3" box="[235,338,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF9EFFF95CF0F9018622F84D" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF9EFFF95CF0F9018078F8F8" blockId="17.[151,1436,1687,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF9EFFF95CF0F9018078F8F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556610" collectorName="A. M. Clark" location="North Pacific" municipality="North America" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CF0F9018464F908" bold="true" box="[151,287,1687,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95D4FF90184E2F908" box="[296,409,1687,1712]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95D4FF90184E2F908" box="[296,409,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes 18 nominal species (
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95E90F90E86C4F908" author="Clark" box="[759,959,1687,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">
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<collectorName id="B06B5379FF9EFFF95E90F90E8601F908" box="[759,890,1687,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">A.M. Clark</collectorName>
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1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95FABF901812AF908" author="Mah" box="[972,1105,1687,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Mah, C. (2015 b) Mediaster Stimpson, 1857. In: Mah, C. L. (2015) World Asteroidea database. Available from: http: / www. marinespecies. org / Asteroidea / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 123298 (accessed 16 April 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">Mah 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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) which occur in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and is among the earliest genera of starfishes described from the Pacific coast of
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<collectingMunicipality id="FD45ACD5FF9EFFF95893F92A80E7F96D" box="[1268,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">North America</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95CF9F9498436F940" author="Stimpson" box="[158,333,1759,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444, 532." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95D05F9498482F940" author="Fisher" box="[354,505,1759,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76: xiii + 420 pp. 122 pls." type="book" year="1911">Fisher (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed two species present from the
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<location id="18416074FF9EFFF95FDCF949812DF940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF9EFFF95CF0FA478622F84D:18416074FF9EFFF95FDCF949812DF940" box="[955,1110,1759,1784]" municipality="North America" name="North Pacific" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Oregon">North Pacific</location>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95806F977819DF940" box="[1121,1254,1759,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequalis">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95806F977819DF940" box="[1121,1254,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">M. aequalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95979F97780E7F940" box="[1310,1436,1759,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenellus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95979F97780E7F940" box="[1310,1436,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">M. tenellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and discussed taxonomic relationships among Atlantic and Pacific species.
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95F8CF89281FAF8A4" author="Carey" box="[1003,1153,1796,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Carey, A. G. (1972) Food sources of sublittoral, bathyal and abyssal asteroids in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Ophelia, 10, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1972">Carey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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subsequently discovered “
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95CC4F8B1840AF8F8" box="[163,369,1831,1856]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CC4F8B1840AF8F8" box="[163,369,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” (=
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95DF9F8B187D2F8F8" box="[414,681,1831,1856]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="careyi">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95DF9F8B187D2F8F8" box="[414,681,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Bathyceramaster careyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n. sp) from deep-sea settings off the coast of
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<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF9EFFF958C0F8BE8184F8F8" box="[1191,1279,1832,1856]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF9EFFF95CA0F8DA8622F84D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1687,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95CA0F8DA8426F8DC" author="Fisher" box="[199,349,1868,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76: xiii + 420 pp. 122 pls." type="book" year="1911">Fisher (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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pointed out the absence of the stellate radiating base, a defining characteristic of the genus, in the tropical East Pacific “
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95DF7F8F98710F830" box="[400,619,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95DF7F8F98718F830" authority="Ludwig" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1905" box="[400,611,1903,1928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">Mediaster elegans</taxonomicName>
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"
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95E13F8F98670F830" author="Ludwig" box="[628,779,1903,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig 1905</bibRefCitation>
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but did not undertake a revision of the group. During the course of this investigation both “
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95E70F802879DF815" authority="Ludwig" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1905" box="[535,742,1940,1965]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95E70F802879DF815" box="[535,742,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95E9BF80286E8F815" author="Ludwig" box="[764,915,1940,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig 1905</bibRefCitation>
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and the species described by
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF9EFFF95880F8028006F814" author="Carey" box="[1255,1405,1940,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refString="Carey, A. G. (1972) Food sources of sublittoral, bathyal and abyssal asteroids in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Ophelia, 10, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1972">Carey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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as “
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95CC4F82F8464F869" box="[163,287,1976,2001]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95CC4F82F8464F869" box="[163,287,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">M. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” were both found to be lacking the diagnostic synapomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95873F82E81FDF869" box="[1044,1158,1976,2001]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95873F82E81FDF869" box="[1044,1158,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Mediaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and have since been reassigned to the new genus
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF9EFFF95DA5F84A87FAF84D" box="[450,641,2012,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95DA5F84A87FAF84D" box="[450,641,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="34D957C6FF9EFFF95EEFF84A87ACF84D" box="[648,727,2012,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF9EFFF95EEFF84A87ACF84D" bold="true" box="[648,727,2012,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">n. gen.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(as above).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |