173 lines
20 KiB
XML
173 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="3B9997132B241B0FB8D6C70CE64E6614" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2023.004" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10481035" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1704924026152" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, MacKenzie A., Greenwalt, Dale E. & Manchester, Steven R." docDate="2023" docId="4D2487A3EF4A8275FC69F82D6B1FF8BF" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.79.1.37-88.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 79 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2023.004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ailanthus confucii UNGER" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="B11DFFDBEF5F8263FF8CFFB16F30FFE9" masterDocTitle="Diverse Fruits And Seeds Of The Mid-Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Northwestern Montana, Usa, And Their Implications For Biogeography" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1704925034431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="D5938E173079A5528CA7D74803C5716A">Diverse Fruits And Seeds Of The Mid-Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Northwestern Montana, Usa, And Their Implications For Biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="645CA5248B43E269D92D372FE5BC6C6C">Smith, MacKenzie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6278369FCC81F8DE04AF399999209906">Greenwalt, Dale E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06CCCF5BE04B28D4DF8CDBFD7D9F9CAA">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80AF91EA989A8D048F54E1DDC5B060D3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="51DD6F6549F29C1CFBF82EC4620E0468">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B253C4EFBD399D0B94B4193351A3F210">
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<mods:date id="0B70527E05CA98303333FC443FF6C7E8">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D9E799A98B6476ECE935759CBFEE6747">2023-11-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4D2487A3EF4A8275FC69F82D6B1FF8BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10481051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D2487A3EF4A8275FC69F82D6B1FF8BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2487A3EF4A8275FC69F82D6B1FF8BF" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="8D97653EEF4A8276FC69F82D6B81F83C" pageId="21" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF4A8276FC69F82D6A32F85B" blockId="21.[997,1282,1915,2005]" box="[997,1282,1948,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="9E7A81D9EF4A8276FC69F82D6A32F85B" box="[997,1282,1948,1972]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="58" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF4A8276FC69F82D6A32F85B" authority="UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" box="[997,1282,1948,1972]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="21" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confucii">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF4A8276FC69F82D6A32F85B" bold="true" box="[997,1282,1948,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF4A8276FC69F82D6B82F85D" bold="true" box="[997,1202,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">Ailanthus confucii</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF4A8276FB35F82D6A32F85B" baselines="1966,1966" box="[1209,1282,1948,1972]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Unger" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF4A8276FB35F82D6A32F85B" bold="true" box="[1209,1282,1948,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">UNGER</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF4A8276FBBAF80D6B81F83C" blockId="21.[997,1282,1915,2005]" box="[1078,1201,1980,2005]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">
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<figureCitation id="5DB62A30EF4A8276FBBAF80D6B81F83C" box="[1078,1201,1980,2005]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="22.[147,228,1422,1443]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-239@22.[789,1463,556,902]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Text-fig. 9. a: USNM PAL 625742 Dipteronia samara showing pedicel, disc, an undeveloped fruit and a developed fruit. Scale bar 5mm. b: USNM PAL 621805 wings of cf. Boniodendron capsule. Scale bar 2mm. c: USNM PAL 625792 Sapindaceae capsular fruit with wings, septae and seeds. Scale bar 5mm. d: USNM PAL 623735 cf. Cedrela seed. Scale bar 3mm. e: USNM PAL 622276 Ailanthus confucii fruit showing seed body, ventral vein and stylar vein. Scale bar 5mm. f: USNM PAL 624113 Rutaspermum sp. Scale bar 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481061/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">Text-fig. 9e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D97653EEF4A8275FCD6F85C6B1FF8BF" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="21" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF4A8276FCD6F85C6AB8F7ED" blockId="21.[858,1416,2028,2052]" box="[858,1416,2028,2052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">M a t e r i a l. USNM PAL 622108, 622276, 622650.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF4A8276FCD6F7AD6BA3F7DD" blockId="21.[858,1171,2076,2100]" box="[858,1171,2076,2100]" pageId="21" pageNumber="58">L o c a l i t y. Disbrow Creek.</paragraph>
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<caption id="91F2663DEF498275FF1FFA3F6E05F9F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10481061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481061/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" startId="22.[147,228,1422,1443]" targetBox="[147,1462,151,1406]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF498275FF1FFA3F6E05F9F1" blockId="22.[147,1463,1422,1560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
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Text-fig. 9. a: USNM PAL 625742
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FE63FA3F6D6AFA4A" box="[495,602,1422,1443]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dipteronia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FE63FA3F6D6AFA4A" bold="true" box="[495,602,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Dipteronia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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samara showing pedicel, disc, an undeveloped fruit and a developed fruit. Scale bar 5 mm. b: USNM PAL 621805 wings of cf.
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FDC5FA1D6DE8FA28" box="[585,728,1452,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Boniodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FDC5FA1D6DE8FA28" bold="true" box="[585,728,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Boniodendron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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capsule. Scale bar 2 mm. c: USNM PAL 625792
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FB5BFA1A6A67FA29" box="[1239,1367,1451,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
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capsular fruit with wings, septae and seeds. Scale bar 5 mm. d: USNM PAL 623735 cf.
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FC28FA786CC1FA37" box="[932,1009,1481,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FC28FA786CC1FA37" bold="true" box="[932,1009,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Cedrela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seed. Scale bar 3 mm. e: USNM PAL 622276
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FF1FFA576E7CFA12" box="[147,332,1510,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confucii">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FF1FFA576E7CFA12" bold="true" box="[147,332,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus confucii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fruit showing seed body, ventral vein and stylar vein. Scale bar 5 mm. f: USNM PAL 624113
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FA8BFA576A87FA12" box="[1287,1463,1510,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Rutaspermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FA8BFA576AA3FA12" bold="true" box="[1287,1427,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Rutaspermum</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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Scale bar 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF498275FF2AF9ED6E62F8B4" blockId="22.[129,767,1628,1885]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Winged fruit elongate-elliptical, with a central seed body; wing with pointed apex and base; fruit
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<quantity id="02759B50EF498275FF36F92F6E57F95F" box="[186,359,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8609999999999998" metricValueMax="3.2119999999999997" metricValueMin="2.5100000000000002" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="28.61" valueMax="32.12" valueMin="25.1">25.1–32.12 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="02759B50EF498275FE3AF92F6D0BF95F" box="[438,571,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.949999999999999" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="7.949999999999999" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="7.3">7.3–8.6 mm</quantity>
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wide; seed body
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<quantity id="02759B50EF498275FF0DF9716E30F93E" box="[129,256,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="5.65" valueMax="6.4" valueMin="4.9">4.9–6.4 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="02759B50EF498275FEC8F9716EF4F93E" box="[324,452,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="3.7">3.7–5.3 mm</quantity>
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wide; ventral (intramarginal) vein of the wing prominent, marginal or submarginal; stylar vein present, minor vein small, mostly parallel, occasionally dichotomizing or anastomosing (more on dorsal side); seed bodies sub-circular.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF498275FF2AF8C76B1FF8BF" blockId="22.[128,768,1909,2100]" lastBlockId="22.[843,1482,1628,1878]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">
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R e m a r k s.
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FEB2F8C46E94F864" box="[318,420,1909,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FEB2F8C46E94F864" box="[318,420,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fruits in North America have traditionally been placed into either
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FD97F8266FC3F827" authority="COCKERELL" authorityName="COCKERELL" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FD97F8266DCFF847" box="[539,767,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus americana</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF498275FF0DF8096FC3F827" baselines="1994,1994" box="[129,243,1976,2000]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Cockerell" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">COCKERELL</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FEA6F8096DACF827" authority="COCKERELL" authorityName="COCKERELL" box="[298,668,1976,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lesquereuxi">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FEA6F8096D2AF839" box="[298,538,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus lesquereuxi</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF498275FDA6F8096DACF827" baselines="1994,1994" box="[554,668,1976,2000]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Cockerell" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">COCKERELL</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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but are morphologically identical to those described earlier as
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FF0CF84B6EA7F7F8" authority="UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" box="[128,407,2042,2067]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confucii">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FF0CF84B6E77F7FA" box="[128,327,2042,2067]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus confucii</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF498275FEDDF84A6EA7F7F8" baselines="2060,2061" box="[337,407,2043,2066]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Unger" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">UNGER</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF498275FE24F84B6DC4F7FA" author="Corbett, S. L. & Manchester, S. R." box="[424,756,2042,2067]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="671 - 690" refId="ref34150" refString="Corbett, S. L., Manchester, S. R. (2004): Phytogeography and history of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae). - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165 (4): 671 - 690. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 386378" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Corbett and
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<collectingRegion id="0749F857EF498275FDB8F84B6D80F7FB" box="[564,688,2042,2066]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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||
2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The fossil matches the description of
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FD99F7AD6DBDF7DD" authorityName="Unger" authorityYear="1850" box="[533,653,2076,2100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confucci">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FD99F7AD6DBDF7DD" box="[533,653,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">A. confucci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having a marginal to submarginal ventral vein as opposed to having an inset vein as in
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FB90F9CD6A09F97A" authority="HABLY" authorityName="HABLY" box="[1052,1337,1660,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tardensis">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FB90F9CD6BDCF97D" box="[1052,1260,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus tardensis</emphasis>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF498275FB78F9CC6A09F97A" baselines="1678,1679" box="[1268,1337,1661,1684]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Hably" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">HABLY</smallCapsWord>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF498275FAC4F9CD6B39F95C" author="Corbett, S. L. & Manchester, S. R." pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="671 - 690" refId="ref34150" refString="Corbett, S. L., Manchester, S. R. (2004): Phytogeography and history of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae). - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165 (4): 671 - 690. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 386378" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Corbett and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0749F857EF498275FCC7F92D6CF7F95D" box="[843,967,1692,1716]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FB90F92C6BA1F95C" box="[1052,1169,1693,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confucii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FB90F92C6BA1F95C" box="[1052,1169,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">A. confucii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognized from the early Eocene through late Miocene of western North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF498275FCDEF96C6B9EF91C" author="Corbett, S. L. & Manchester, S. R." box="[850,1198,1757,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" pagination="671 - 690" refId="ref34150" refString="Corbett, S. L., Manchester, S. R. (2004): Phytogeography and history of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae). - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165 (4): 671 - 690. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 386378" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Corbett and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0749F857EF498275FC64F96C6B54F91C" box="[1000,1124,1757,1781]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among extant species, it resembles the temperate eastern Asian native species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF498275FCC7F8AF6B12F8DF" box="[843,1058,1822,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF498275FCC7F8AF6B12F8DF" box="[843,1058,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="59">Ailanthus altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is invasive today in North America and Europe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |