162 lines
20 KiB
XML
162 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E0397EC51BD01B0458C99030CB3C8B18">Diverse Fruits And Seeds Of The Mid-Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Northwestern Montana, Usa, And Their Implications For Biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E3122D4ACAAA5DC2C8DCB7FFC2836565">Smith, MacKenzie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F26F8D8AFAD4CA5ED577D8469554E09F">Greenwalt, Dale E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4DCB392205C6E3A511CB7AC7D1E3022">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F9C0E7FD68F1E379F795C0FBD3D9C193">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D7E4743DE3D463BFC13A1B132429E361">
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<mods:date id="B4698718F826E251ADB0EF9477747A8B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A938905BED07C873E8EDC82AF54771F7">2023-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8EEFD7714464C799079B72762EB1AB42" type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2023.004</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4D2487A3EF43827FFF4AFE676D02F8E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D2487A3EF43827FFF4AFE676D02F8E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2487A3EF43827FFF4AFE676D02F8E0" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="8D97653EEF43827FFF4AFE676D34FDE7" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF4AFE676D8AFE07" blockId="28.[198,698,470,494]" box="[198,698,470,494]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="9E7A81D9EF43827FFF4AFE676D8AFE07" box="[198,698,470,494]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFF4AFE676D8AFE07" bold="true" box="[198,698,470,494]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFF4AFE676D6EFE07" authority="Smith & Greenwalt & Manchester, 2023" authorityName="Smith & Greenwalt & Manchester" authorityYear="2023" box="[198,606,470,494]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Pteroheterochrosperma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horseflyensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFF4AFE676D6EFE07" bold="true" box="[198,606,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ECCA57DCEF43827FFDE9FE676D8AFE07" box="[613,698,470,494]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFEF0FE476D34FDE7" blockId="28.[380,516,502,526]" box="[380,516,502,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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<figureCitation id="5DB62A30EF43827FFEF0FE476D34FDE7" box="[380,516,502,526]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="27.[125,206,1964,1985]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-10@27.[501,830,610,1091]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Text-fig. 12. a: USNM PAL 722530 Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis gen. et sp. nov. SMITH et MANCHESTER. Scale bar 2mm. b: USNM PAL 622695 Quadrasubulaflora kishenehnensis gen. et sp. nov. SMITH et MANCHESTER showing three outer parts and two stigma. Scale bar 1mm. c: USNM PAL 625447 Q. kishenehnensis showing three outer parts. Scale bar 1mm. d: USNM PAL 624649 Q. kishenehnensis showing three outer parts. Scale bar 1mm. e: USNM PAL 622402 Q. kishenehnensis. Scale bar 2mm. f: USNM" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481067/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Text-fig. 12a</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D97653EEF43827FFF2AFD976D02F8E0" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFD976DCAFDD7" blockId="28.[129,762,549,605]" box="[166,762,549,574]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y. PFN003031</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF0DFDF46E70FDB4" blockId="28.[129,762,549,605]" box="[129,320,581,605]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">(for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFDC46FDEFD24" blockId="28.[129,767,629,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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E t y m o l o g y. The specific epithet is for the Horsefly,
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<collectingRegion id="0749F857EF43827FFF0DFD246E09FD44" box="[129,313,661,685]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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where the first fossils of this species were described.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFD556DCFFD15" blockId="28.[129,767,740,796]" box="[166,767,740,764]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H o l o t y p e. USNM PAL 722530, National Museum of</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF0DFCB56DDEFCF5" blockId="28.[129,767,740,796]" box="[129,750,772,796]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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Natural History,
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<collectingRegion id="0749F857EF43827FFEBFFCB56D22FCF5" box="[307,530,772,796]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">District of Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BD9A7625EF43827FFD91FCB56D65FCF5" box="[541,597,772,796]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5DB62A30EF43827FFDD3FCB56DDAFCF5" box="[607,746,772,796]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="27.[125,206,1964,1985]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-10@27.[501,830,610,1091]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Text-fig. 12. a: USNM PAL 722530 Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis gen. et sp. nov. SMITH et MANCHESTER. Scale bar 2mm. b: USNM PAL 622695 Quadrasubulaflora kishenehnensis gen. et sp. nov. SMITH et MANCHESTER showing three outer parts and two stigma. Scale bar 1mm. c: USNM PAL 625447 Q. kishenehnensis showing three outer parts. Scale bar 1mm. d: USNM PAL 624649 Q. kishenehnensis showing three outer parts. Scale bar 1mm. e: USNM PAL 622402 Q. kishenehnensis. Scale bar 2mm. f: USNM" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481067/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Text-fig. 12a</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFC856D1AFC82" blockId="28.[129,762,819,875]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Ty p e h o r i z o n a n d t y p e l o c a l i t y.DakinSite in the Kishenehn Formation, ca. 44 Ma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFC326D25FBF2" blockId="28.[129,767,898,1051]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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S p e c i f i c d i a g n o s i s. Winged structure circular; wing has thick striations (up to
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<quantity id="02759B50EF43827FFE69FC126D0BFC52" box="[485,571,931,955]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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) radiating around seed body starting from the seed body and mostly terminating at the margin of the wing, some striations bifurcating; seed body obovate with rugulate sculpture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFB836DCFFBA3" blockId="28.[128,767,1074,1130]" box="[166,767,1074,1098]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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S i z e. Structure
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||
<quantity id="02759B50EF43827FFEEFFB836E87FBA0" box="[355,439,1074,1098]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
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||
tall,
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||
<quantity id="02759B50EF43827FFE7DFB836D74FBA0" box="[497,580,1074,1098]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
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wide; seed body
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF0CFBE36E86FB83" blockId="28.[128,767,1074,1130]" box="[128,438,1106,1130]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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<quantity id="02759B50EF43827FFF0CFBE36FEFFB80" box="[128,223,1106,1130]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.28">1.28 mm</quantity>
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tall,
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<quantity id="02759B50EF43827FFE99FBE36E44FB80" box="[277,372,1106,1130]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.77">0.77 mm</quantity>
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wide.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFB336D46FB50" blockId="28.[128,767,1153,1209]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">D e s c r i p t i o n. Roughly 27 striations radiating from the seed body, some bifurcating or trifurcating.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C53236B5EF43827FFF2AFB606D02F8E0" blockId="28.[128,768,1232,1801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
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R e m a r k s. Similar disseminules have been found from the early Eocene Okanogan sites of Republic, WA (
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<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFF04FAA16E4CFAC1" author="Pigg, K. B. & Wehr, W. C." box="[136,380,1296,1320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref41964" refString="Pigg, K. B., Wehr, W. C. (2002): Tertiary flowers, fruits and seeds of Washington and adjacent areas, part III. - Washington Geology, 30 (3 - 4): 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2002">Pigg and Wehr 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), McAbee, BC and Horsefly, BC (UWBMB4131-96008, DSCN6543).
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<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFDBDFA816DCFFAA0" author="Penhallow, D. P." box="[561,767,1328,1353]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 157" refId="ref41464" refString="Penhallow, D. P. (1908): Report on Tertiary plants of British Columbia collected by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1906 together with a Discussion on previously recorded Tertiary floras. - Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Branch, 1013: 1 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 106549" type="journal article" year="1908">Penhallow (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned specimens from Horsefly of this disseminule as
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFF0CFAC16E5FFA61" authority="GOEPP." authorityName="GOEPP." box="[128,367,1392,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFF0CFAC16E2BFA61" box="[128,283,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Ulmus minuta</emphasis>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF43827FFEABFAC06E58FA6E" baselines="1411,1411" box="[295,360,1393,1417]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Goepp" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">GOEPP</smallCapsWord>
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||
.
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</taxonomicName>
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(94–95), which was a leaf species, but he recognized that the fruit was much smaller than other known fossil and modern elms.
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFE54FA006D74FA21" box="[472,580,1457,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFE54FA006D74FA21" box="[472,580,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">U. minuta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is a synonym for
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFF0DFA606DB3FA01" authority="(GOEPPERT) emend. ILJINSK." authorityName="ILJINSK." box="[129,643,1489,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
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||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFF0DFA606E60FA00" box="[129,336,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Ulmus pyramidalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF43827FFEE9FA606EF8FA0E" baselines="1507,1507" box="[357,456,1489,1513]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Goeppert" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">GOEPPERT</smallCapsWord>
|
||
) emend.
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||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF43827FFDB9FA606D4CFA0E" baselines="1506,1507" box="[565,636,1489,1512]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Iljinsk" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">ILJINSK</smallCapsWord>
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||
.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFD18FA606F89F9E0" author="Takhtajan, A." pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="216" refId="ref43140" refString="Takhtajan, A. (1982): Ulmaceae-Betulaceae. - Iskopaemye cbetkovye rasteniya SSSR [Fossil flowering plants of the USSR], vol. 2. - Nauka, Leningrad, p. 216." type="book chapter" year="1982">Takhtajan 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFF40FA406E9DF9E0" author="Traiser, C. & Dalitz, H. & Krause, M. & Lange, J. & Roth-Nebelsick, A. & Kovar-Eder, J." box="[204,429,1521,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" refId="ref43348" refString="Traiser, C., Dalitz, H., Krause, M., Lange, J., Roth-Nebelsick, A., Kovar-Eder, J. (2019): Digiphyll - a digital tool for competence building in palaeobotany for teaching and research, version 1.0. http: // digiphyll. smns-bw. org [accessed 2 February 2023]." type="url" year="2019">Traiser et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFE44FA406DF6F9EF" authority="DIPPEL" authorityName="DIPPEL" box="[456,710,1521,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
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||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFE44FA406D41F9E0" box="[456,625,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">U. pyramidalis</emphasis>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF43827FFD0DFA406DF6F9EF" baselines="1538,1538" box="[641,710,1521,1544]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Dippel" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">DIPPEL</smallCapsWord>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was already in use for a different extant elm and was recognized as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFECCF9806D2FF9A1" authority="HUDS." authorityName="HUDS." box="[320,543,1585,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFECCF9806EE6F9A0" box="[320,470,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Ulmus glabra</emphasis>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="C3D4A069EF43827FFE6CF9806D28F9AE" baselines="1602,1603" box="[480,536,1585,1608]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Huds" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">HUDS</smallCapsWord>
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||
.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFDA4F9836DA3F9A0" box="[552,659,1585,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFDA4F9836DA3F9A0" box="[552,659,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">U. glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s modern geographic range includes Europe and western Asia but its fruits lack the thick, darkened veins that appear in the fossil and possess two styles which the fossil lacks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFDE1F9206F89F920" author="Thomas, P. A. & Stone, D. & La Porta, N." pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="1724 - 1766" refId="ref43254" refString="Thomas, P. A., Stone, D., La Porta, N. (2018): Biological flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra. - Journal of Ecology, 106 (4): 1724 - 1766. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1365 - 2745.12994" type="journal article" year="2018">Thomas et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A11C4B44EF43827FFF4FF9006E8DF920" author="Sherman-Broyles, S. L." box="[195,445,1713,1737]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" refId="ref42555" refString="Sherman-Broyles, S. L. (2021): Ulmus glabra. - Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America, vol. 3. http: // floranorthamerica. org / Ulmus _ glabra [accessed 2 June 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 079.031.0307" type="journal volume" year="2021">Sherman-Broyles 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These tiny disseminules lack the wing venation and stylar cleft and style diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028D4D36EF43827FFF0DF9406FF7F8E0" box="[129,199,1777,1801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F9EAA7EF43827FFF0DF9406FF7F8E0" box="[129,199,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Ulmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus require a new binomial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |