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<document id="CDCA3AB29BEC251EEE0398D061F10C25" ID-DOI="10.34631/sporl.419" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5127135" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627041560841" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna &amp; Maia-Herzog, Marilza" docDate="2008" docId="A2708A02FFB3FFFAFF7853E9FB20FB83" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01834p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1834" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.34631/sporl.419" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Simulium (Chirostilbia) obesum Vulcano" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="5E49F27AFFAEFFE4FFEF537EFFBBFFA1" masterDocTitle="Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1699015142144" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="210A2F87DB95304171391660872D1F71">Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB3FFF9FF7853E9FD32FF10" ID-CoL="8DZ6C" authority="Vulcano" authorityName="Vulcano" box="[151,649,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesum" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
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<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF7853E9FEB5FF10" bold="true" box="[151,270,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Simulium</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FE5053E9FDA7FF10" bold="true" box="[447,540,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">obesum</emphasis>
Vulcano
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(
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FF7053C4FF48FF75" box="[159,243,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FF1053C4FEA4FF75" box="[255,287,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FEC453C4FECCFF75" box="[299,375,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">47, 48</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FE6C53C4FE74FF75" box="[387,463,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="60.[151,238,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,229,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-63@60.[151,1436,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="PLATE 6. FIGURES 73–90. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 73–75: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 76–78: S. dekeyseri paratype; 79–81: S. distinctum; 82–84: S. friedlanderi; 85–87: S. jefersoni paratype; 88–90: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127149/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">88–90</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FE3553C4FDBCFF75" box="[474,519,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="62.[151,238,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,151,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-60@62.[151,1436,151,1928]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 8. FIGURES 106–112. Female gonapophyses of: 106: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 107: S. dekeyseri paratype; 108: S. distinctum lectotype; 109: S. empascae; 110: S. friedlanderi; 111: S. jefersoni paratype; 112: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127153/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">112</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FDFB53C4FDF9FF75" box="[532,578,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">128</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FDA153C4FDC7FF75" box="[590,636,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">143</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FD6653C4FD49FF75" box="[649,754,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">164, 165</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FD1153C4FC97FF75" box="[766,812,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">186</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FCD653C4FCD3FF75" box="[825,872,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 15" captionStartId="69.[151,238,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,211,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-86@69.[151,1436,194,1328]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="PLATE 15. FIGURES 194–205. Male ventral plate of: 194: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 195: S. dekeyseri paratype; 196: S. distinctum; 197: S. empascae; 198: S. friedlanderi; 199: S. jefersoni paratype; 200: S. obesum; 201: S. pertinax; 202: S. riograndense; 203: S. serranus paratype; 204: S. spinibranchium; 205: S. subpallidum [Scale bars for all photographs except photograph 194]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127175/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">200</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FC9B53C4FC18FF75" box="[884,931,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">212</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FC4153C4FC67FF75" box="[942,988,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">225</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FC0653C4FBADFF75" box="[1001,1046,186,212]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="75.[151,238,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[191,1387,179,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[181,1406,123,1923]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="PLATE 21. FIGURES 245–252. Right gill of: 245: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 246: S. dekeyseri paratype; 247: S. distinctum (common pattern); 248: S. distinctum (variation); 249: S. empascae; 250: S. friedlanderi; 251: S. jefersoni paratype; 252: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127191/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">252</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF78527EFC24FEBB" blockId="29.[151,927,256,282]" box="[151,927,256,282]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
This is an uncommon zoophilic species from south-eastern 
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="AB781D05FFB3FFF9FF78523BFD96FEFD" author="Vulcano, M. A." box="[151,557,325,348]" page="351" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1959">
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB3FFF9FF78523BFD96FEFD" ID-CoL="8DZ6C" authority="Vulcano, 1959: 351" authorityName="Vulcano" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,557,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesum">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF78523BFEEFFEFD" box="[151,340,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Simulium obesum</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9AB13149FFB3FFF9FEB6523BFD96FEFD" box="[345,557,325,348]" collectingDate="1959-01-01" collectingDateMax="1959-01-30" collectingDateMin="1959-01-01" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Vulcano, M. A." country="Brazil" county="Serra da Bocaina" location="Sao Jose do Barreiro" municipality="Fazenda da Bonito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB3FFF9FEB6523BFD96FEFD" author="Vulcano, M. A." box="[345,557,325,348]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="351 - 360" refId="ref48218" refString="Vulcano, M. A. (1959) Descricao de Sumulium obesum, sp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 13, 351 - 360." type="journal article" year="1959">Vulcano, 1959: 351</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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(reared), 
<collectingCountry id="52CE7B84FFB3FFF9FCAE523BFC1EFEFD" box="[833,933,325,348]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB3FFF9FC41523BFBE3FEFD" box="[942,1112,325,348]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="C3074398FFB3FFF9FB8D523BFAA2FEFD" box="[1122,1305,325,348]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Serra da Bocaina</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CA02A16EFFB3FFF9FACB523BFEA9FEDD" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fazenda da Bonito</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="2F066DCFFFB3FFF9FEF2521BFE46FEDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2708A02FFB3FFFAFF7853E9FB20FB83:2F066DCFFFB3FFF9FEF2521BFE46FEDD" box="[285,509,357,380]" country="Brazil" county="Serra da Bocaina" municipality="Fazenda da Bonito" name="Sao Jose do Barreiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">São José do Barreiro</location>
; 
<date id="5E671DD4FFB3FFF9FDE7521BFD32FEDD" box="[520,649,357,380]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1959-01-01" valueMax="1959-01-30" valueMin="1959-01-01">
<collectingDate id="4E23E43CFFB3FFF9FDE7521BFD32FEDD" box="[520,649,357,380]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1959-01-01" valueMax="1959-01-30" valueMin="1959-01-01">1–30.i.1959</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<collectorName id="872C5EC2FFB3FFF9FD72521BFC8FFEDD" box="[669,820,357,380]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FD72521BFC95FEDD" box="[669,814,357,380]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Vulcano, M.A</emphasis>
.
</collectorName>
) (MZUSP).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C3689FFFB3FFFAFF7852D3FB20FB83" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF7852D3FDA7FE4E" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF7852D3FF49FE66" bold="true" box="[151,242,429,455]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Female</emphasis>
. General body colour dark brown. Body length (specimen pinned) 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FBEE52D3FBE1FE66" box="[1025,1114,429,455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FAAC52D3FA20FE66" box="[1347,1435,429,455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing width 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FE9C52ABFE76FE4E" box="[371,461,469,495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF295283FD47FD2E" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF295283FE9BFDB7" box="[198,288,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Head—</emphasis>
dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area developed (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FC125283FBFDFDB6" box="[1021,1094,509,535]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Frons, clypeus and occiput dark brown to black, with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark erect setae. Mouthparts dark brown to black. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, remaining segments pale brown. Cibarium without teeth and with sclerotised cornuae (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FD79510BFD55FD2E" box="[662,750,629,655]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF2951E3FB28FB1E" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF2951E3FE8EFD17" box="[198,309,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, golden setae interspersed with black setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, scutum greyish black with 1+1 wide sublateral grey pruinose areas in central region; humeri brownish, weakly pruinose; lateral and posterior margins greyish black (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FE45506BFDB9FC8E" box="[426,514,789,815]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). With posterior illumination, thorax greyish black with median, black area on anterior margin giving rise to fine black vitta in anterior third of scutum and 1+1 submedian circular lighter areas on anterior margin; humeri silver pruinose; lateral and posterior margins greyish black (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FB33501BFA8FFCDE" box="[1244,1332,869,895]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Scutellum dark brown with recumbent golden setae interspersed with long black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. 
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB3FFF9FC1550CBFB87FC6E" box="[1018,1084,949,975]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Costa</collectingRegion>
of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of setae nearly to apical third. Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines; basal section of Radius with setae. Basal tuft of long, dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FF335753FED6FBE6" box="[220,365,1069,1095]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="60.[151,238,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,229,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-63@60.[151,1436,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="PLATE 6. FIGURES 73–90. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 73–75: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 76–78: S. dekeyseri paratype; 79–81: S. distinctum; 82–84: S. friedlanderi; 85–87: S. jefersoni paratype; 88–90: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127149/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 88–90</figureCitation>
. Fore leg with coxa trochanter, femur and tibia brown [external surface of tibiae appear white in slide mounted specimens]; distal articulation of tibia and tarsi dark brown to black. Mid and hind legs dark brown with basal half of tibia, basal three fourths of basitarsus and basal half of second tarsomere yellowish. Claws curved, each with distinct basal tooth. Halteres cream with brown bases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF2957B3FB8FFA5E" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF2957B3FEF5FB47" box="[198,334,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergites I–IV velvet black, tergites VI–IX shiny black. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites greyish black; genitalia black. Eighth sternite sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses subtriangular, protruding posteriorly, with inner half sclerotised and fine setae basally (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FE9E563BFE63FAFE" box="[369,472,1349,1375]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="62.[151,238,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,151,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-60@62.[151,1436,151,1928]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 8. FIGURES 106–112. Female gonapophyses of: 106: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 107: S. dekeyseri paratype; 108: S. distinctum lectotype; 109: S. empascae; 110: S. friedlanderi; 111: S. jefersoni paratype; 112: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127153/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long, brown setae; paraproct subrectangular with ventral extension subtriangular and twice as long as cercus, sclerotised, covered with prominent brown setae centrally and highly setose apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FD6B56EBFD50FA0E" box="[644,747,1429,1455]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 128</figureCitation>
). Genital fork stout, sclerotised; anterior and posterior processes poorly developed (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FE2B56C3FD90FA76" box="[452,555,1469,1495]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca globular, without external sculpturing and with internal spicules irregularly arranged; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF295573FDA7F9EE" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF295573FEBEF986" bold="true" box="[198,261,1549,1575]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
. General body colour black. Body length (specimen pinned) 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FC025573FBF2F986" box="[1005,1097,1549,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FAD05573FA20F986" box="[1343,1435,1549,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
(n=1), wing width 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB3FFF9FE9C554BFE76F9EE" box="[371,461,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF295523FBD5F9D6" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" box="[198,1134,1629,1655]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF295523FE9BF9D7" box="[198,288,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Head—</emphasis>
holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFF9FF2955FBFE12F89E" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF2955FBFE8EF93F" box="[198,309,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum covered with golden, recumbent hairs. Scutal pattern varies with light incidence: with anterior light source velvet black with 1+1 lateral silver pruinose areas on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FB0C55D3FAF7F966" box="[1251,1356,1709,1735]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 164</figureCitation>
). With light source posterior to specimen thorax black (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FD1B55ABFCDBF94E" box="[756,864,1749,1775]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="66.[151,238,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1394,154,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-98@66.[195,1420,139,1939]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 12. FIGURES 152–165. Colour patterns for male thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 153 in which the specimen is positioned dorso-laterally. 152, 153: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 154, 155: S. dekeyseri paratype; 156, 157: S. distinctum; 158, 159: S. empascae; 160, 161: S. friedlanderi; 162, 163: S. jefersoni paratype; 164, 165: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127167/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 165</figureCitation>
). Humeri, lateral and posterior margins black. Scutellum black with recumbent golden hairs interspersed with long erect and black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB3FFFAFF295433FE03FEA3" blockId="29.[151,1436,429,2015]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB3FFF9FF295433FEF5F8C7" box="[198,334,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergites I–IX black. Silver pruinosity on lateral margin of tergite II; basal fringe with long, brown hairs. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed, sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle trapezoidal, nearly same length as gonocoxite, with small spiniform setae apically; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB3FFF9FDD554BBFD19F87E" box="[570,674,1989,2015]" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate weakly sclerotised, subtriangular with main body well developed, rounded centrally, setose; basal arms short (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB0FFFAFCB753E6FC04FF13" box="[856,959,152,178]" captionStart="PLATE 15" captionStartId="69.[151,238,1352,1376]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,211,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-86@69.[151,1436,194,1328]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="PLATE 15. FIGURES 194–205. Male ventral plate of: 194: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 195: S. dekeyseri paratype; 196: S. distinctum; 197: S. empascae; 198: S. friedlanderi; 199: S. jefersoni paratype; 200: S. obesum; 201: S. pertinax; 202: S. riograndense; 203: S. serranus paratype; 204: S. spinibranchium; 205: S. subpallidum [Scale bars for all photographs except photograph 194]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127175/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 200</figureCitation>
). Median sclerite long, pear-shaped with distinct apical incision (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB0FFFAFE5953BEFD9BFF7B" box="[438,544,192,218]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 212</figureCitation>
). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal process and several stout teeth apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB0FFFAFEAB5396FE11FEA3" box="[324,426,232,258]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 225</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF295271FA86FE8B" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" box="[198,1341,271,298]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF295271FEB5FE88" bold="true" box="[198,270,271,297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pupa.</emphasis>
Gill length 
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB0FFFAFE74526EFD92FE8B" box="[411,553,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
(n=2) [Other measurements not given because of lack of material.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF295246FF65FE03" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF295246FE87FEF0" box="[198,316,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cocoon—</emphasis>
shoe-shaped as in 
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB0FFFAFDF85246FDC7FEF3" box="[535,636,312,338]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="73.[151,238,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,180,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-79@73.[181,1406,131,1931]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 19. FIGURES 232–239. Lateral view of cocoon and pupal exuviae of: 232: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004) (dorsal view); 233: S. dekeyseri paratype; 234: S. distinctum; 235: S. empascae; 236: S. friedlanderi; 237: S. jefersoni paratype; 238: S. obesum; 239: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982) [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 232, 239.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127185/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 238</figureCitation>
, dark brown and knobbled, composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct fenestrations anteriorly, with reinforced rim to anterior aperture, margin of aperture elevated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF2952CEFD53FDE3" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF2952CEFEB5FE68" box="[198,270,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gill—</emphasis>
dark brown with more than 120 forwardly-directed arranged in vertical plane. Gill with main trunk short, giving rise to five primary branches that divide at different heights into numerous secondary branches (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB0FFFAFF70517EFEB2FDBB" box="[159,265,512,538]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="75.[151,238,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[191,1387,179,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[181,1406,123,1923]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="PLATE 21. FIGURES 245–252. Right gill of: 245: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 246: S. dekeyseri paratype; 247: S. distinctum (common pattern); 248: S. distinctum (variation); 249: S. empascae; 250: S. friedlanderi; 251: S. jefersoni paratype; 252: S. obesum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127191/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 252</figureCitation>
). Primary branches fairly stout basally and narrower towards apex, rounded distally, covered with small spicules, edges crenate; of different lengths.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF29512EFED8FD43" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF29512EFE9BFDC8" box="[198,288,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head—</emphasis>
frontoclypeus with 2+2 long bifid to multi-branched frontal and 1+1 long bifid to multi-branched facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 3–4 platelets in one group laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire frontal and facial region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF29518EFDEBFCFB" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF29518EFE8EFCA8" box="[198,309,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thorax—</emphasis>
with numerous long bifid to trifid trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, approximately three long bifid and 1+1 long simple trichomes on ventral region; tubercles mostly rounded, more densely distributed near base of gill and dorsal cleft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF295016FE4CFC5B" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF295016FEF5FC20" box="[198,334,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdomen—</emphasis>
[Based on the original description because of lack of material] tergites I and II sclerotised with few setae; tergite III with row of spiniform setae; tergite IV with 2+2 hooks in row; tergites V–IX with spine combs on anterior margin; tergite IX with 1+1 apical spines. Sternites V–VI with 2+2 bifid hooks; sternite VII with 1+1 bifid hooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB0FFFAFF295779FB20FB83" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,1058]" box="[198,1179,1031,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFF295779FEA2FB80" bold="true" box="[198,281,1031,1057]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Larva.</emphasis>
A description of the larva has been recently given by 
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB0FFFAFC7B5776FB2CFB83" author="Pepinelli, M. &amp; Hamada, N. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S." box="[916,1175,1032,1058]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="698 - 704" refId="ref46392" refString="Pepinelli, M., Hamada, N. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S. (2006) Larval description of Simulium (Notolepria) cuasiexiguum and Simulium (Chirostilbia) obesum and new records of black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the States of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. Neotropical Entomology, 35, 698 - 704." type="journal article" year="2006">
Pepinelli 
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB0FFFAFBEC5776FB85FB80" box="[1027,1086,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>