887 lines
101 KiB
XML
887 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="81FD8A1E65CD5A690786001FC9C5C69D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184780" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b38abd31-1229-4feb-869c-66ada06c21bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184780" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460016563092" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rivas, Gilson A. & Schargel, Walter E." docDate="2008" docId="206F8788FF87FFD4FF24CDB0548DF087" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01925p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1925" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gonatodes infernalis Rivas & Schargel, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="DC56FFF0FF85FFDDFFB3CF2F507AF445" masterDocTitle="Gecko on the rocks: an enigmatic new species of Gonatodes (Sphaerodactylidae) from Inselbergs of the Venezuelan Guayana" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698233634269" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F8F232F06AAAD3962E67ECE1401827F9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE44654A40E0DCFFE4033F63CD612353">
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<mods:title id="A706E9AF25FCCF697CF6ECCA15AE2DE3">Gecko on the rocks: an enigmatic new species of Gonatodes (Sphaerodactylidae) from Inselbergs of the Venezuelan Guayana</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AC9201C04A8A558938B148E5C781540D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8179625AF7ADD7A5B015ED7832B587C1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29668C55A6DBED1C92BAB0FE473F4B0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="52D272AB670CFBEE556B76E763E5FF05">Rivas, Gilson A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3293A5302E2C509E898A2F6F943225C0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4AB747112092231F125C3197BC2D73C5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="672BF0C66BC02FA3527235DBB799A45A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="14203D360CD7C471B8A39CA8A1D6A1A8">Schargel, Walter E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B3382A25BE4F682AC96757C152A6B85C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="74528F75FF90E0445BCAED04F7113B62">
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<mods:title id="526F5BF752A5E20E0715714B30B6955C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="23FFC1CA57B14E99824D97EBF6D31F0C">
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<mods:date id="BC3D8B5AC51032BFA96DCB69770539AB">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A4F0713221C272D1B6EA97AEE018A706" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D311E86CAE1BC771A0A326571A0F3C6F">1925</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="900A6E0B061D7EE713E910801A677E3D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="6FEF496EBE5FE292D4AE937AFA121B87">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1E48F89AAFB2B2580901B22459FAB82F">50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="A44478FF40E5C232275D90D3B214716B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8C7367EBC158683DD3876601DE4F0F63" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184780</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F16085F7D24A13EEF2EBAE329BE7E496" type="GBIF-Dataset">b38abd31-1229-4feb-869c-66ada06c21bb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="15A580EDF0061947A6B8EDBDB0E7F20B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D4E0811675A753BA7362F7526E50598" type="Zenodo-Dep">184780</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="206F8788FF87FFD4FF24CDB0548DF087" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6228158" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6228158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:206F8788FF87FFD4FF24CDB0548DF087" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/206F8788FF87FFD4FF24CDB0548DF087" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF87FFDFFF24CDB0508AF699" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="A879369EFF87FFDFFF24CDB0527AF6FC" blockId="2.[151,512,671,732]" box="[151,512,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="F33181F2FF87FFDFFF24CDB0527AF6FC" bold="true" box="[151,512,671,697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24CDB0527AF6FC" bold="true" box="[151,512,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFF24CDB051EEF6FC" box="[151,404,671,697]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24CDB051EEF6FC" bold="true" box="[151,404,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="818157F7FF87FFDFFE10CDB0527AF6FC" box="[419,512,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF87FFDFFF24CDED508AF699" blockId="2.[151,512,671,732]" box="[151,240,706,732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<figureCitation id="30FD2A1BFF87FFDFFF24CDED50A3F699" box="[151,217,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,197,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1361,197,1765]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Some Gonatodes species from northern South America: A. Gonatodes alexandermendesi, female, IRSNB 2630 (paratype), Kaieteur National Park, Guyana; B. Gonatodes antillensis, female, Los Roques, Venezuela, uncatalogued; C. Gonatodes annularis, female, La Laja, Sierra de Lema, Bolívar, Venezuela, uncatalogued; D. Gonatodes seigliei, female, Puertas de Miraflores, Venezuela, uncatalogued; E. Gonatodes infernalis sp. nov., female, UTA R- 55379. Note the patternless coloration in Gonatodes infernalis compared to the pattern in females of G. alexandermendesi, G. antillensis, G. annularis and G. seiglei. Photographs by Philippe J. R. Kok (A), W. E. Schargel (B, D), C. L. Barrio- Amorós (C) and Carl J. Franklin (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184781/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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e.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF87FFDFFF24CC3D5310F7B1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF87FFDFFF24CC3D533CF739" blockId="2.[151,1437,786,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24CC3D516AF769" bold="true" box="[151,272,786,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF87FFDFFF24CC3D5171F769" box="[151,267,786,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="CED7AE5BFF87FFDFFEABCC3D5105F769" box="[280,383,786,812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18440 (field number CJF4703), an adult female, collected in Sector El Infierno, on road Puerto Ayacucho-Gavilán, approximately
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||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF87FFDFFD30CC1552B7F711" box="[643,717,826,852]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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||
asl. Estado Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF87FFDFFC50CC15541AF711" box="[995,1120,826,852]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
: one of two specimens collected on
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<date id="DC78105EFF87FFDFFEBBCC4D51C6F739" box="[264,444,866,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" value="2007-03-15">15 March 2007</date>
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by Gilson Rivas and Tito Barros.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF87FFDFFF76CCA55310F7B1" blockId="2.[151,1437,786,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF76CCA55130F7E1" bold="true" box="[197,330,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF87FFDFFF76CCA5513EF7E1" box="[197,324,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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All females:
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<collectionCode id="CED7AE5BFF87FFDFFE5BCCA55235F7E1" box="[488,591,906,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18439, specimen with the same collection data of the
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<typeStatus id="777D883CFF87FFDFFB7BCCA55548F7E1" box="[1224,1330,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
;
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<collectionCode id="CED7AE5BFF87FFDFFA8DCCA55502F7E1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" box="[1342,1400,906,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" name="University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">UTA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="CED7AE5BFF87FFDFFACCCCA555E6F7E1" box="[1407,1436,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">R-</collectionCode>
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55378–79,
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<collectionCode id="CED7AE5BFF87FFDFFE93CC9D51FDF789" box="[288,391,946,972]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18397, three specimens from the same locality, obtained by Gilson Rivas, Coleman Sheehy III, Carl Franklin, and Tito Barros on
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<date id="DC78105EFF87FFDFFD1CCCF5531FF7B1" box="[687,869,986,1012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" value="2007-03-14">14 March 2007</date>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF87FFDFFF76CB2D5287F379" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF87FFDFFF76CB2D5287F379" blockId="2.[151,1437,786,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF76CB2D513FF059" bold="true" box="[197,325,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by a combination of very large size, supraciliary spine absent, females with immaculate brown dorsal coloration, and a subcaudal scalation pattern (only in the unregenerated tail) of a single medial row of wide scales which laterally contact either two or three adjacent caudal scales in a 1:1 alternating fashion (See
|
||
<figureCitation id="30FD2A1BFF87FFDFFCC1CB5553C1F0D1" box="[882,955,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,631,655]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,185,613]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[415,1171,185,613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Subcaudal pattern of Gonatodes infernalis sp. nov., holotype MHNLS 18440." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184782/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
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<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFC60CB5454B6F0D1" box="[979,1228,1147,1172]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC60CB5454B6F0D1" box="[979,1228,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is, to our knowledge, the largest species of sphaerodactyl gecko, with adult females reaching nearly
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<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF87FFDFFB3ECB8D5498F0F9" box="[1165,1250,1186,1212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
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in SVL, which readily separates this species from the much smaller
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<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFCBDCBE453CDF0A1" box="[782,951,1226,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFCBDCBE4535AF0A1" box="[782,800,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC83CBE453CDF0A1" box="[816,951,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">albogularis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFC7BCBE45419F0A1" box="[968,1123,1226,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC7BCBE453A0F0A1" box="[968,986,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC59CBE45419F0A1" box="[1002,1123,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFBC0CBE45549F0A1" box="[1139,1331,1226,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricucullaris">
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||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFBC0CBE454FFF0A1" box="[1139,1157,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFB27CBE45549F0A1" box="[1172,1331,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">atricucullaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFAF7CBE450BFF149" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daudini">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFAF7CBE4552CF0A1" box="[1348,1366,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFAD5CBE450BFF149" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">daudini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF67CBDC510FF149" box="[212,373,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">caudiscutatus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFE37CBDC518DF149" box="[388,503,1266,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eladioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE37CBDC51ECF149" box="[388,406,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE15CBDC518DF149" box="[422,503,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">eladioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFDB4CBDC52E7F149" box="[519,669,1266,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFDB4CBDC5263F149" box="[519,537,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD9BCBDC52E7F149" box="[552,669,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFD1FCBDC5364F149" box="[684,798,1266,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD1FCBDC52C4F149" box="[684,702,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD7DCBDC5364F149" box="[718,798,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFC9ECBDC53ADF149" box="[813,983,1266,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC9ECBDC5345F149" box="[813,831,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFCFDCBDC53ADF149" box="[846,983,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">tapajonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFBA1CBDC54F3F149" box="[1042,1161,1266,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFBA1CBDC545EF149" box="[1042,1060,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFB80CBDC54F3F149" box="[1075,1161,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">vittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, none of which exceed
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF87FFDFFF24CA355097F171" box="[151,237,1306,1332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
in SVL (data from:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF87FFDFFE58CA3552CCF171" author="Avila-Pires" box="[491,694,1306,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF87FFDFFD75CA3553C1F171" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[710,955,1306,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Department of Wildlife Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species is also unique in the genus in having females with a coloration devoid of any well defined markings, a character state that separates it from all other species of comparable size (and also from the smaller species), namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFB2CCA4455EEF1C1" box="[1183,1428,1386,1412]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFB2CCA4454CBF1C1" box="[1183,1201,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFB0CCA4455EEF1C1" box="[1215,1428,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">alexandermendesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFF24CABC5152F1E9" box="[151,296,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24CABC50D3F1E9" box="[151,169,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF0BCABC5152F1E9" box="[184,296,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">annularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFE84CABC51C9F1E9" box="[311,435,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE84CABC5133F1E9" box="[311,329,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFEEBCABC51C9F1E9" box="[344,435,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFE70CABC520AF1E9" box="[451,624,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concinnatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE70CABC51AFF1E9" box="[451,469,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE50CABC520AF1E9" box="[483,624,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">concinnatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFD33CABC535FF1E9" box="[640,805,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falconensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD33CABC52E8F1E9" box="[640,658,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD12CABC535FF1E9" box="[673,805,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">falconensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFC87CABC53BFF1E9" box="[820,965,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC87CABC533CF1E9" box="[820,838,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFCE6CABC53BFF1E9" box="[853,965,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">hasemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFC67CABC5425F1E9" box="[980,1119,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC67CABC539CF1E9" box="[980,998,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC46CABC5425F1E9" box="[1013,1119,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFBDDCABC553BF1E9" box="[1134,1345,1426,1452]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purpurogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFBDDCABC54FAF1E9" box="[1134,1152,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFB3CCABC553BF1E9" box="[1167,1345,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">purpurogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFAE2CABC50B1F191" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seigliei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFAE2CABC5519F1E9" box="[1361,1379,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFAC1CABC50B1F191" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">seigliei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFEB0CA945111F191" box="[259,363,1466,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFEB0CA94516FF191" box="[259,277,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE91CA945111F191" box="[290,363,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">taniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which have females with well defined and conspicous dark markings on the head and the body. Among Amazonian/Guianan species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFD7CCACC531BF1B9" box="[719,865,1506,1532]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD7CCACC529BF1B9" box="[719,737,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFD42CACC531BF1B9" box="[753,865,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFBE9CACC553CF1B9" box="[1114,1350,1506,1532]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandemendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFBE9CACC5416F1B9" box="[1114,1132,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFBCFCACC553CF1B9" box="[1148,1350,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">alexandemendesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFA30CACC5172F261" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFA30CACC55EFF1B9" box="[1411,1429,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24C9245172F261" box="[151,264,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">hasemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking an elongated supraciliary spine. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFCCDC9245468F261" box="[894,1042,1546,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFCCDC92453EAF261" box="[894,912,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFC12C9245468F261" box="[929,1042,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFF24C91C516CF209" box="[151,278,1587,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFF24C91C516CF209" box="[151,278,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFE30C91C5180F209" box="[387,506,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eladioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE30C91C51EFF209" box="[387,405,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE1AC91C5180F209" box="[425,506,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">eladioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a much smaller species) in the subcaudal pattern of the unregenrated tail (described above). All other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFDDCC9745294F231" box="[623,750,1627,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFDDCC9745294F231" box="[623,750,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have subcaudal pattern (for a description of the different character states and taxonomic distribution see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF87FFDFFD6AC9AD53B7F2D9" author="Rivero-Blanco" box="[729,973,1666,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" refString="Rivero-Blanco, C. (1979) The Neotropical lizard genus Gonatodes Fitzinger (Sauria: Sphaerodactylinae). PhD Dissertation, Department of Wildlife Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 233 pp." type="book" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in which one of the following states occur: a) the medial scales that contact three scales laterally occur every two medial scales that are in contact with two scales laterally, b) with a divided medial scale every two single medial scales, c) proximally with a pattern as described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF87FFDFFE1FC9D45247F351" box="[428,573,1786,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE1FC9D451C4F351" box="[428,446,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF87FFDFFE7EC9D45247F351" box="[461,573,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but switching to the pattern described in “b” distally, or c) with medial scales not differentiated from adjacent lateral scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FCB96616FF86FFDEFF24C826525BF3B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184781/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[227,1360,197,1762]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF86FFDEFF24C826525BF3B5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1801,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFF24C8265160F364" bold="true" box="[151,282,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFED4C82651A1F365" box="[359,475,1801,1824]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFED4C82651A1F365" box="[359,475,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from northern South America: A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFC19C826549DF365" box="[938,1255,1801,1824]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFC19C826549DF365" box="[938,1255,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes alexandermendesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, IRSNB 2630 (paratype), Kaieteur National Park, Guyana; B.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFD5BC80353A3F306" box="[744,985,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFD5BC80353AFF306" box="[744,981,1836,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">Gonatodes antillensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female, Los Roques, Venezuela, uncatalogued; C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFEBEC8615194F320" box="[269,494,1870,1893]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFEBEC8615194F320" box="[269,494,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes annularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, La Laja, Sierra de Lema, Bolívar, Venezuela, uncatalogued; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFB48C86150BCF3CD" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seigliei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFB48C86150BCF3CD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes seigliei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Puertas de Miraflores, Venezuela, uncatalogued; E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFCEBC85E5443F3CD" box="[856,1081,1905,1928]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFCEBC85E5443F3CD" box="[856,1081,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="818157F7FF86FFDEFBF2C85E54EDF3CC" box="[1089,1175,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFBF2C85E54EDF3CC" bold="true" box="[1089,1175,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, female, UTA R-55379. Note the patternless coloration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFDBAC8BB5290F3EE" box="[521,746,1940,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFDBAC8BB5290F3EE" box="[521,746,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to the pattern in females of
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFB26C8BB51E0F388" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFB26C8BB5503F3EE" box="[1173,1401,1940,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">G. alexandermendesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFA36C8BB517DF388" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">G. antillensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFEA7C89951E0F388" box="[276,410,1974,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annularis">G. annularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF86FFDEFE67C8995243F388" box="[468,569,1974,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seiglei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF86FFDEFE67C8995243F388" box="[468,569,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. seiglei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photographs by Philippe J. R. Kok (A), W. E. Schargel (B, D), C. L. Barrio- Amorós (C) and Carl J. Franklin (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FCB96616FF81FFD9FF24CD585424F6CB" box="[151,1118,631,655]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184782/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[415,1171,185,613]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF24CD585424F6CB" blockId="4.[151,1118,631,655]" box="[151,1118,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF81FFD9FF24CD585163F6CA" bold="true" box="[151,281,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Subcaudal pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF81FFD9FDB0CD575299F6CA" box="[515,739,632,655]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF81FFD9FDB0CD575299F6CA" box="[515,739,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF81FFD9FD59CD58533CF6CA" bold="true" box="[746,838,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="818157F7FF81FFD9FD59CD58533BF6CA" box="[746,833,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype MHNLS 18440.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF81FFDBFF76CDEA5331F49A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF76CDEA51C3F7ED" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF81FFD9FF76CDEA518CF69A" bold="true" box="[197,502,709,735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF81FFD9FECECDEA518BF69A" box="[381,497,709,735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
an adult female, with snout-vent length of
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FC5DCDE95420F6A5" box="[1006,1114,710,736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="56.2">56.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tail length
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FB5ACDE9552EF6A5" box="[1257,1364,710,736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="74.5">74.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, complete and not regenerated. Head 1.5 times longer than wide (HL:
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FC1ECDC15461F74D" box="[941,1051,750,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HW: 10.0 mm). Snout
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FAF3CDC155E7F74D" box="[1344,1437,750,776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, acutely rounded in dorsal view, gently sloping toward top of head. Neck slightly narrower than head and body. Body nearly cylindrical but wider than high; axilla-groin distance
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FC56CC11542AF71D" box="[997,1104,830,856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="24.3">24.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Limbs well developed with relatively long digits, fourth toe length
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FDD9CC4952B3F7C5" box="[618,713,870,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 0.85 times shank length (
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FBB2CC495408F7C5" box="[1025,1138,870,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Tail round in cross section, tapering toward tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF76CC995424F7BD" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Tongue relatively wide with bluntly rounded tip, covered by scalelike papillae, which become smaller posteriorly; tip of tongue with a short median cleft. Teeth small, subequal, conical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF76CB295458F245" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Rostral large, with two small, closely spaced vertexes on upper margin, visible from above, with a median cleft extending forward from posterior margin to near tip of snout. Three postrostrals, lateral ones (supranasals) distinctly larger than medial, medial postrostral slightly larger than adjacent scales between anterior margin of the orbit and the postrostrals. Nostril bordered by rostral, three postnasals, lateral postrostral (supranasal), and in point contact with first supralabial. Postnasals slightly larger than adjacent loreals. Scales on snout and on loreal region roughly round, granular, juxtaposed, but somewhat conical posteriorly. Loreal scales number about 15 (both sides) in a line between postnasals and anterior margin of orbit. Scales decrease slightly in size from the postrostrals toward posterior part of head. Scales on supraorbital region similar (in size and shape) to and continuous with those on top of head. Supraciliary flap not developed and without an elongate supraciliary spine, supraciliary scales conical, somewhat larger and protruding laterally on anterior half of row. Pupil round. Supralabials 5 (both sides), first largest, second through fifth roughly subequal, anterior portion of fifth scale below center of eye. Scales on temporal region similar to those on posterior top of head. Ear opening (
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF81FFD9FEC8CAC951ADF245" box="[379,471,1510,1536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) much smaller than eye (3.0 mm), obliquely oval.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF76C921553BF28D" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Mental large, with round anterior margin following lower lip, posteriorly with three crooked edges of which the laterals run obliquely posteromedially from lip to vertex with the medial transverse edge. Postmentals 2, distinctly larger than adjacent posterior scales. Scales on chin small and polygonal directly behind postmentals, granular and tiny posteriorly; a few larger, polygonal scales adjacent to infralabials, juxtaposed; Infralabials 7 (both sides), decreasing in size posteriorly, first two very large and projecting onto chin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD9FF76C9F9513FF305" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Scales on nape and on sides of neck granular, continuous with those on head and body. Scales on throat smooth, imbricate, with round posterior margin, with a short transitional area with the granular scales on chin and gular area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF81FFD8FF76C861529AF56F" blockId="4.[151,1437,709,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Dorsals granular, on the vertebral area similar in size to scales on snout; dorsolaterally and on flanks slightly larger. Transition between scales on flanks and ventrals somewhat abrupt but not clearly demarcated. Ventral region with scales distinctly larger than dorsals, slightly smaller on chest than on belly, smooth, with round posterior margin, imbricate (each scale overlapping anterior portion of scale lying posteriorly); ventrals in oblique rows, on belly also forming rather regular longitudinal rows, with 56 scales along the midventral line between anterior margin of forelimbs and vent. Scales around midbody about 115, of which 20 are ventrals. Scales on preanal plate similar to ventrals, excepting border of vent, which has minute scales arranged in three rows. Without escutcheon area on abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF80FFD8FF76CE1755F9F607" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Scales on dorsum of tail base abruptly become flat, smooth, rounded in shape, imbricate (rather than conical), just posterior to level of vent. Underside of tail with smooth, flat, imbricate scales, increasing in size toward midventral line; first 8 small subcaudals posterior to vent on midventral row increasing in size posteriorly but not clearly differentiated from adjacent laterals, followed by a single longitudinal row of significantly enlarged, roughly hexagonal, medial subcaudals; each medial subcaudals wider than long with anterior and posterior margins parallel and in transverse position, lateral two margins converging distally forming a somewhat sharp vertex, lateral margins contacting two or three adjacent scales laterally in an alternating fashion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF80FFD8FF76CD7F526CF71F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Scales on limbs granular and juxtaposed on dorsal and posterior surfaces, otherwise scales are smooth, flat, roundish, imbricate. Lamellae under first (
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FD77CD5852B5F6D4" bold="true" box="[708,719,631,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
||
) through fifth (
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FC39CD5853E5F6D4" bold="true" box="[906,927,631,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">V</emphasis>
|
||
) finger (infraproximals in parentheses):
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FA3BCD5855E9F6D4" bold="true" box="[1416,1427,631,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
||
: 11/11(2/2),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FEACCDB0514CF6FC" bold="true" box="[287,310,671,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 17/16(5/5),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FE63CDB05188F6FC" bold="true" box="[464,498,671,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">III</emphasis>
|
||
:?/20(6/7),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FDCFCDB052E0F6FC" bold="true" box="[636,666,671,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 22/21(8/8), and
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FCD5CDB05303F6FC" bold="true" box="[870,889,671,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">V</emphasis>
|
||
: 18/17(6/6), respectively. Lamellae under first through fifth toe (infraproximals in parentheses):
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FD50CDE85294F6A4" bold="true" box="[739,750,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
||
: 12/11(3/2),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FC3ACDE853E5F6A4" bold="true" box="[905,927,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 18/17(6/5),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FB8FCDE85424F6A4" bold="true" box="[1084,1118,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">III</emphasis>
|
||
: 21/20(6/6),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FB48CDE85563F6A4" bold="true" box="[1275,1305,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 25/24(10/ 10), and
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FF4DCDC0516BF74C" bold="true" box="[254,273,751,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">V</emphasis>
|
||
: 19/19(5/5), respectively. Fingers and toes with four lateral rows of scales distally, with occasional reduction to three rows in some sections, especially near the claw. Claws exposed, non-retractile, between two basal scales (1 dorsal, 1 ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF80FFD8FF76CC4851FEF087" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FF76CC4851A3F7C4" bold="true" box="[197,473,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum and sides of body and tail uniform grayish brown with top of head and limbs slightly paler. Microscopically each dorsal scale is cream-colored with many evenly spaced, welldefined melanophores. Interstitial dorsal skin more densely covered with melanophores than individual scales. Venter pale grayish brown, becoming paler towards vent and pectoral region. Microscopically the ventral scales are cream-colored with evenly spaced melanophores throughout most of the venter, but towards the vent the melanophores are found only bordering the posterior margin of each scale which accounts for the change in color saturation described above. In the pectoral and gular region the melanophores occur at smaller densities per scale. Ventral surface of tail slightly paler than dorsal surface. Anterior half of tongue dark gray, posterior half white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF80FFD8FF7DCBF952D5F2F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FF7DCBF95189F0B5" bold="true" box="[206,499,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Variation in
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FEC2CBF95195F0B5" box="[369,495,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FD86CBF952DFF0B5" box="[565,677,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are four adult females ranging in SVL from
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF80FFD8FB78CBF955E2F0B5" box="[1227,1432,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.135" metricValueMax="6.55" metricValueMin="5.72" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="61.35" valueMax="65.5" valueMin="57.2">57.2 to 65.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Both supralabial and infralabial counts vary from 5 to 7. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FCC3CBD3539AF153" box="[880,992,1276,1302]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have 3 postrostral as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FA9DCBD355E2F153" box="[1326,1432,1276,1302]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except MHNLS 18439, which has four (two medial small scales between large paired supranasals). Scales around the midbody range from
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF80FFD8FDA2CA6752E6F127" box="[529,668,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.667" metricValueMin="2.413" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="in" value="100.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="95.0">95 to 105 in</quantity>
|
||
three specimens (not counted in MHNLS 18439 due to body skin loss) of which 20–22 are ventrals. There are 58–60 ventral scales along the trunk. The variation in the number of lamellae under first through fifth fingers:
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FD11CABC52D7F1E8" bold="true" box="[674,685,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
||
: 10–12(2–3),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FCE6CABC5311F1E8" bold="true" box="[853,875,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 17–22(5–6),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FBA7CABC544CF1E8" bold="true" box="[1044,1078,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">III</emphasis>
|
||
: 21–24(7–9),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FB6ECABC5481F1E8" bold="true" box="[1245,1275,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 21–24(7–9), and
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FF7ACA9750A6F197" bold="true" box="[201,220,1464,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">V</emphasis>
|
||
: 16–18(5–6). The variation in the number of lamellae under the first through fifth toe:
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FB55CA97548BF197" bold="true" box="[1254,1265,1464,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">I</emphasis>
|
||
: 10–13(2),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FACECA9755EEF197" bold="true" box="[1405,1428,1464,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 16–19(5–7),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FE9DCAF1512AF1BD" bold="true" box="[302,336,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">III</emphasis>
|
||
: 21–25(6–8),
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FE4BCAF1526CF1BD" bold="true" box="[504,534,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 23–28(10–12), and
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF80FFD8FCBDCAF1535BF1BD" bold="true" box="[782,801,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">V</emphasis>
|
||
: 19–20(5–6). The regenerated tail (described on UTA R-55378) has a subcaudal pattern that differs significantly from the original tail. In the regenerated tail the subcaudal scales form a single row of roughly rectangular, wide, but very short plates (longest side is transversal to longitudinal axis of tail), each of which extends laterally to the ventrolateral surface of tail. These plates come into contact laterally with small scales that look just like those in the original tail. Morphometric variation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FEA5C9B45133F2F0" box="[278,329,1691,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is presented on Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF80FFD8FF7DC9EE53E1F3FB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The coloration in preservative in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FDCEC9EE5297F29E" box="[637,749,1729,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is essentially as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FC4BC9EE5424F29E" box="[1016,1118,1729,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with only minor variations in color saturation owing to differences in melanophore densities. Two specimens, MHNLS 18373 and 18397, are noticeably darker compared to the rest of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF80FFD8FD68C8225374F362" box="[731,782,1805,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, and especially on the venter which is not as distinctly paler than the dorsum as in the other specimens. The coloration in life was essentially the same as in preservative with the few exceptions noted below. In life all specimens were dull brown dorsally and had a vaguely distinct, yellow coloration suffused on the top of the head that was lost in preservative. The eyes has black pupils, narrowly edged by a yellow iris, and a brown sclera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF83FFDBFF2FCFE35331F49A" blockId="6.[156,843,202,223]" box="[156,843,202,223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Table 1. Morphometric variation in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF83FFDBFDB2CFE55253F49B" box="[513,553,202,222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFD31CFE45331F49A" box="[642,843,203,223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFD31CFE4533DF49A" box="[642,839,203,223]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">Gonatodes infernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF83FFDBFF1ECE085511F632" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<table id="DAC6C43EFF830022FF1BCE085501F632" box="[168,1403,295,631]" gridcols="14" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCE085501F57C" box="[168,1403,295,313]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCE085138F57C" box="[168,322,295,313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Specimen number</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCE0851EFF57C" box="[351,405,295,313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">SVL</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CE0851A5F57C" box="[443,479,295,313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">TL</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCE085249F57C" box="[510,563,295,313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FEM</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CE0852FFF57C" box="[598,645,295,313]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">TIB</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CE0852AFF57C" box="[683,725,295,313]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FTL</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CE085354F57C" box="[755,814,295,313]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">HUM</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CE0853FFF57C" box="[849,901,295,313]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ULN</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CE0853A2F57C" box="[935,984,295,313]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FFL</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCE085453F57C" box="[1020,1065,295,313]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">HDP</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CE08540FF57C" box="[1092,1141,295,313]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">HL</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CE0854ACF57C" box="[1186,1238,295,313]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">HW</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CE085557F57C" box="[1280,1325,295,313]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">EYN</th>
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CE085501F57C" box="[1351,1403,295,313]" gridcol="13" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">AXG</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCEAA5501F5D2" box="[168,1403,389,407]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCEAA5138F5D2" box="[168,322,389,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">UTA R-55738</th>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCEAA51EFF5D2" box="[351,405,389,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">64.30</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CEAA51A5F5D2" box="[443,479,389,407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">--</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCEAA5249F5D2" box="[510,563,389,407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CEAA52FFF5D2" box="[598,645,389,407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CEAA52AFF5D2" box="[683,725,389,407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CEAA5354F5D2" box="[755,814,389,407]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CEAA53FFF5D2" box="[849,901,389,407]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CEAA53A2F5D2" box="[935,984,389,407]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCEAA5453F5D2" box="[1020,1065,389,407]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CEAA540FF5D2" box="[1092,1141,389,407]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">15.3</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CEAA54ACF5D2" box="[1186,1238,389,407]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CEAA5557F5D2" box="[1280,1325,389,407]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CEAA5501F5D2" box="[1351,1403,389,407]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">26.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCE925501F58A" box="[168,1403,445,463]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCE925138F58A" box="[168,322,445,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">UTA R-55739</th>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCE9251EFF58A" box="[351,405,445,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">56.98</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CE9251A5F58A" box="[443,479,445,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">74.6</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCE925249F58A" box="[510,563,445,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CE9252FFF58A" box="[598,645,445,463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">12.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CE9252AFF58A" box="[683,725,445,463]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CE925354F58A" box="[755,814,445,463]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CE9253FFF58A" box="[849,901,445,463]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">8.6</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CE9253A2F58A" box="[935,984,445,463]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCE925453F58A" box="[1020,1065,445,463]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CE92540FF58A" box="[1092,1141,445,463]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">13.7</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CE9254ACF58A" box="[1186,1238,445,463]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CE925557F58A" box="[1280,1325,445,463]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CE925501F58A" box="[1351,1403,445,463]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">25.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCEDA5501F642" box="[168,1403,501,519]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCEDA5138F642" box="[168,322,501,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MHNLS 18397</th>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCEDA51EFF642" box="[351,405,501,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">60.07</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CEDA51A5F642" box="[443,479,501,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">--</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCEDA5249F642" box="[510,563,501,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CEDA52FFF642" box="[598,645,501,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">11.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CEDA52AFF642" box="[683,725,501,519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CEDA5354F642" box="[755,814,501,519]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CEDA53FFF642" box="[849,901,501,519]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CEDA53A2F642" box="[935,984,501,519]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCEDA5453F642" box="[1020,1065,501,519]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CEDA540FF642" box="[1092,1141,501,519]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">14.9</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CEDA54ACF642" box="[1186,1238,501,519]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.7</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CEDA5557F642" box="[1280,1325,501,519]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CEDA5501F642" box="[1351,1403,501,519]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">24.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCD025501F67A" box="[168,1403,557,575]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCD025138F67A" box="[168,322,557,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MHNLS 18439</th>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCD0251EFF67A" box="[351,405,557,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">56.45</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CD0251A5F67A" box="[443,479,557,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">--</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCD025249F67A" box="[510,563,557,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CD0252FFF67A" box="[598,645,557,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CD0252AFF67A" box="[683,725,557,575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.3</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CD025354F67A" box="[755,814,557,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CD0253FFF67A" box="[849,901,557,575]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CD0253A2F67A" box="[935,984,557,575]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCD025453F67A" box="[1020,1065,557,575]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CD02540FF67A" box="[1092,1141,557,575]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">14.3</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CD0254ACF67A" box="[1186,1238,557,575]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CD025557F67A" box="[1280,1325,557,575]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CD025501F67A" box="[1351,1403,557,575]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">23.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16F634DCFF830022FF1BCD4A5501F632" box="[168,1403,613,631]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="55275DA0FF830022FF1BCD4A5138F632" box="[168,322,613,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">MHNLS 18440</th>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FEECCD4A51EFF632" box="[351,405,613,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">55.61</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE08CD4A51A5F632" box="[443,479,613,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">74.5</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FE4DCD4A5249F632" box="[510,563,613,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FDE5CD4A52FFF632" box="[598,645,613,631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD18CD4A52AFF632" box="[683,725,613,631]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FD40CD4A5354F632" box="[755,814,613,631]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FCE2CD4A53FFF632" box="[849,901,613,631]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC14CD4A53A2F632" box="[935,984,613,631]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FC4FCD4A5453F632" box="[1020,1065,613,631]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FBF7CD4A540FF632" box="[1092,1141,613,631]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FB11CD4A54ACF632" box="[1186,1238,613,631]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAB3CD4A5557F632" box="[1280,1325,613,631]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="55275DA0FF830022FAF4CD4A5501F632" box="[1351,1403,613,631]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">24.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF83FFDBFF53CD835229F164" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF83FFDBFF53CD835229F164" blockId="6.[151,1437,684,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFF53CD8352F2F683" bold="true" box="[224,648,684,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Distribution and Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF83FFDBFC29CD8353B6F683" box="[922,972,684,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near the city of Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF83FFDBFEEECDFB51AFF6AB" box="[349,469,724,750]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="30FD2A1BFF83FFDBFE54CDFB5255F6AB" box="[487,559,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1998,2022]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1326,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[362,1224,1326,1996]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing the type locality of Gonatodes infernalis sp. nov. (circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184783/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). All the specimens were collected on large, dark, granitic, isolated inselbergs that stand out abruptly from the surrounding plains, and which are locally known as “lajas”. Specimens were collected directly from the rock walls of two nearby and relatively small inselbergs. The area where the specimens were collected was recently burned by indigenous people of the Piaroa tribe, with the purpose of preparing the land for agricultural use in the following rainy season. Three of the specimens were collected between 19:00-20:00, from an inselberg consisting of three large rocks placed in such a way that they formed a small “C” shaped refuge on the ground, which protected the enclosed area from fire and also helped retain water in it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="30FD2A1BFF83FFDBFE96CCC0510AF04C" box="[293,368,1007,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1097]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,194,1102]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Base of the inselberg where three specimens of the type series of G. infernalis were collected. Note the presence of water even during the dry season." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184784/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this small “oasis” of about
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF83FFDBFD41CCC0534AF04C" box="[754,816,1007,1033]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
2 several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFBF7CCC05512F04D" box="[1092,1384,1007,1032]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFBF7CCC05512F04D" box="[1092,1384,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Dendrobates leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFF24CB38515CF075" box="[151,294,1047,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFF24CB38515CF075" box="[151,294,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. were found, in addition to two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFD65CB3853FDF075" box="[726,903,1047,1072]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFD65CB3853FDF075" box="[726,903,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Bothrops atrox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two other specimens were collected at about 18:00 on the top inner surface of the entrance of a cave-like, horizontal hole on a nearby inselberg. The hole was located about
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF83FFDBFE01CB485186F0C4" box="[434,508,1127,1153]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, had an opening of about
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF83FFDBFBA2CB485426F0C4" box="[1041,1116,1127,1153]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and was more than
|
||
<quantity id="6F3E9B7BFF83FFDBFF63CBA05086F0EC" box="[208,252,1167,1193]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
deep. In the same area two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFDF3CBA05294F0ED" box="[576,750,1167,1192]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFDF3CBA05294F0ED" box="[576,750,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Bothrops atrox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed at the entrance of holes at the base of inselbergs. Because different animals were observed dead or agonizing (including two snakes in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFAFCCB9850B2F0BD" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFAFCCB9850B2F0BD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Chironius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the recently burned, surrounding area, the above observations indicate that inselbergs may act as refuges that protect animals from fire.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FCB96616FF83FFDBFF24C8E15464F3A0" box="[151,1054,1998,2022]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184783/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[362,1223,1326,1974]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF83FFDBFF24C8E15464F3A0" blockId="6.[151,1054,1998,2022]" box="[151,1054,1998,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFF24C8E15163F3A3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1998,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF83FFDBFD34C8E1531DF3A0" box="[647,871,1998,2021]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFD34C8E1531DF3A0" box="[647,871,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="818157F7FF83FFDBFCDDC8E153BEF3A3" box="[878,964,1998,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF83FFDBFCDDC8E153BEF3A3" bold="true" box="[878,964,1998,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(circle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FCB96616FF82FFDAFF24CB4A5228F0DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184784/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[188,1398,194,1097]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF82FFDAFF24CB4A5228F0DA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1125,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFF24CB4A5163F038" bold="true" box="[151,281,1125,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Base of the inselberg where three specimens of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFC67CB495422F038" box="[980,1112,1126,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFC67CB495422F038" box="[980,1112,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G. infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected. Note the presence of water even during the dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF82FFDAFF76CBFC54EDF210" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF82FFDAFF76CBFC52DDF178" blockId="7.[151,1436,1235,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFF76CBFC5128F0A8" bold="true" box="[197,338,1235,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFE64CBFC523DF0A9" box="[471,583,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFE64CBFC523DF0A9" box="[471,583,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective (masculine & feminine) meaning infernal or hellish. The name was given in reference to sector “El Infierno” (The Hell), the locality where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF82FFDAFB05CBD45493F150" box="[1206,1257,1275,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series was collected, an area that had been burned recently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF82FFDAFF76CA6454EDF210" blockId="7.[151,1436,1235,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFF76CA6451CBF120" bold="true" box="[197,433,1355,1381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Statistical analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
Only two principal components (PC) were retained with eigenvalues higher than one. These first two PC (PC1 and PC2) explained 51.1% and 16.5% of the variance, respectively. Component loadings were high for all limb elements on PC1 whereas HDP was the only variable with high loadings on PC2 (see appendix 2).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFED8CAEC5218F199" box="[363,610,1475,1500]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFED8CAEC5218F199" box="[363,610,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had, on average, the highest factor scores on PC1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="30FD2A1BFF82FFDAFB75CAEC5574F198" box="[1222,1294,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,967,991]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,194,918]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[425,1161,194,943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Principal component scores for specimens of Gonatodes infernalis sp. nov. (solid circles), G. alexandermendesi (inverted triangles), G. annularis (squares), G. ceciliae (crosses), G. concinnatus (triangles) and G. taniae (open circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184785/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating that this species in general has relatively longer limb elements compared to the other species included in the analysis. Although there are species-specific differences in PC2 (e.g. between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFB9CC93C54BBF269" box="[1071,1217,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFB9CC93C543BF269" box="[1071,1089,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFBE3C93C54BBF269" box="[1104,1217,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFB49C93C55F1F269" box="[1274,1419,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFB49C93C5576F269" box="[1274,1292,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFAA8C93C55F1F269" box="[1307,1419,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">annularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF82FFDAFF24C9145152F211" box="[151,296,1595,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFF24C91450D3F211" box="[151,169,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF82FFDAFF04C9145152F211" box="[183,296,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not seem to be particularly distinct within the genus in terms of HDP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FCB96616FF8DFFD5FF24CCE85097F066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[425,1161,194,918]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF8DFFD5FF24CCE85097F066" blockId="8.[151,1436,967,1059]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FF24CCE85160F79A" bold="true" box="[151,282,967,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal component scores for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FCAFCCE85384F79B" box="[796,1022,967,990]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FCAFCCE85384F79B" box="[796,1022,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="818157F7FF8DFFD5FBB4CCE85427F79B" box="[1031,1117,967,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FBB4CCE8542DF79A" bold="true" box="[1031,1111,967,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(solid circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FABACCE85095F044" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandermendesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FABACCE85563F79B" box="[1289,1305,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FA9BCCE85095F044" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">alexandermendesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(inverted triangles),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FE7CCCC55229F044" box="[463,595,1002,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FE7CCCC551A5F044" box="[463,479,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FE5ECCC55229F044" box="[493,595,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">annularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(squares),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FD79CCC55341F044" box="[714,827,1002,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FD79CCC552A0F044" box="[714,730,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FD5BCCC55341F044" box="[744,827,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(crosses),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FC1CCCC55434F044" box="[943,1102,1002,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concinnatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FC1CCCC55434F044" box="[943,1102,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G. concinnatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FB44CCC55522F044" box="[1271,1368,1002,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FB44CCC5557DF044" box="[1271,1287,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FAA6CCC55522F044" box="[1301,1368,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">taniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(open circles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0DC6515FF8DFFD4FF76CB78548DF087" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF8DFFD5FF76CB78513DF3FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1111,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FF76CB78512BF034" bold="true" box="[197,337,1111,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The few known specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FD05CB7753D6F034" box="[694,940,1112,1137]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FD05CB7753D6F034" box="[694,940,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from inselbergs in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF8DFFD5FADACB7855E1F034" box="[1385,1435,1111,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, whereas two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FDE6CBAF52AEF0DC" box="[597,724,1152,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FDE6CBAF52AEF0DC" box="[597,724,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FD56CBAF5301F0DC" box="[741,891,1151,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FD56CBAF528DF0DC" box="[741,759,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FCB5CBAF5301F0DC" box="[774,891,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FC07CBAF53BCF0DC" box="[948,966,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
. sp., Schargel
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FBC1CBAF54DFF0DC" box="[1138,1189,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. in prep) were found in the surrounding forested areas. There are two morphological features in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FBA7CB8754DCF084" box="[1044,1190,1191,1217]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FBA7CB87545CF084" box="[1044,1062,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FB86CB8754DCF084" box="[1077,1190,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that might represent adaptations to life on inselbergs. The first is the unique uniform, background-matching, coloration in this species, which might confer better crypsis than a color pattern with markings (as in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FF24CA0F516CF17C" box="[151,278,1312,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FF24CA0F516CF17C" box="[151,278,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), when contrasted to the generally uniformly colored rock surface of the Inselbergs that they inhabit. The other trait, as evidenced on the PCA, is relatively longer limb elements when compared to other congeners.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FEADCA405273F1CC" box="[286,521,1391,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Revell, L. J., Johnson, M. A., Schulte, II, J. A., Kolbe, J. J. & Losos, J. B. (2007) A phylogenetic test for adaptive convergence in rock-dwelling lizards. Evolution, 61, 2898 - 2912." type="journal article">
|
||
Revell
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FEC7CA5F51CBF1CC" box="[372,433,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that longer limbs in rock-dwelling species would be beneficial to prevent individuals from rolling along the long axis of the body and would also confer greater sprint speed while maintaining the body close to the locomotion surface. Furthermore, based on this functional explanation
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FF24CAC85102F244" box="[151,376,1511,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Revell, L. J., Johnson, M. A., Schulte, II, J. A., Kolbe, J. J. & Losos, J. B. (2007) A phylogenetic test for adaptive convergence in rock-dwelling lizards. Evolution, 61, 2898 - 2912." type="journal article">
|
||
Revell
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FF59CAC7515EF244" box="[234,292,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
predicted that selection on limb elongation in rock-dwelling species would be strongest on the femur. The high component loading for FEM (0.833) on PC1 is consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FBD3C9205538F26C" box="[1120,1346,1551,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Revell, L. J., Johnson, M. A., Schulte, II, J. A., Kolbe, J. J. & Losos, J. B. (2007) A phylogenetic test for adaptive convergence in rock-dwelling lizards. Evolution, 61, 2898 - 2912." type="journal article">
|
||
Revell
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FB07C93F5497F26C" box="[1204,1261,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
prediction, yet FTL (component loading on PC1=0.858) accounted for most of the variation observed in size-corrected limb element measurements. Interestingly, the first thing we noticed upon examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FAB8C94F55E7F23C" box="[1291,1437,1631,1657]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FAB8C94F5567F23C" box="[1291,1309,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FA9FC94F55E7F23C" box="[1324,1437,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the long digits (quantified in the analysis with FFL and FTL) of this species compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FF24C99F516CF28C" box="[151,278,1712,1737]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FF24C99F516CF28C" box="[151,278,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FE96C980527FF28C" author="Revell" box="[293,517,1711,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Revell, L. J., Johnson, M. A., Schulte, II, J. A., Kolbe, J. J. & Losos, J. B. (2007) A phylogenetic test for adaptive convergence in rock-dwelling lizards. Evolution, 61, 2898 - 2912." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Revell
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FEC9C99F51D5F28C" box="[378,431,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FDC4C9805351F28C" author="Vitt" box="[631,811,1711,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Vitt, L. J., Caldwell, J. J., Zani, P. A. & Titus, T. A. (1997) The role of habitat shift in the evolution of lizard morphology: evidence from tropical Tropidurus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 3828 - 3832." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Vitt
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FD18C99F529DF28C" box="[683,743,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also indicated that some rock-dwelling lizards have exceptionally flatter heads and bodies as this would allow them to retreat to narrow crevices to avoid predator attacks. However, this does not seem to be the case with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FC8DC82F53B5F35C" box="[830,975,1791,1817]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FC8DC82F532AF35C" box="[830,848,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FCECC82F53B5F35C" box="[863,975,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it does not differ significantly from other congeners in relative HDP. This result is actually not unexpected, as specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FB2DC8075555F304" box="[1182,1327,1831,1857]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FB2DC80754CAF304" box="[1182,1200,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FB0CC8075555F304" box="[1215,1327,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not found associated with crevices but with large holes that result from a characteristic erosion phenomenon known as “pseudocarst”, which creates a series of channels, gullies and depressions on these rock formations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8DFFD5FF2CC8B05141F3FC" author="Groger" box="[159,315,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Groger, A. (2000) Flora and vegetation of Inselbergs of Venezuelan Guayana. In: S. Porembski and W. Barthlott (Eds.). Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock Outcrops in Tropical and Temperate Regions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 291 - 314." type="book chapter" year="2000">Gröger 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF8DFFD4FF75C8E8523FF74F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1111,2017]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,1218]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
If we assume that the above observations do indeed indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8DFFD5FC69C8E754A8F3A4" box="[986,1234,1992,2017]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8DFFD5FC69C8E754A8F3A4" box="[986,1234,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is specialized to live on inselbergs, it is logical to expect that the distribution of this species is limited in part by the distribution of these particular rock formations. Inselbergs are common physiographic elements throughout the peripheral lowlands of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FEE0CFC751D2F547" box="[339,424,232,258]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FDF9CFC75282F547" box="[586,760,232,258]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the east to southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FB85CFC754D0F547" box="[1078,1194,232,258]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the west (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8CFFD4FAF4CFC750ADF56F" author="Groger" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Groger, A. (2000) Flora and vegetation of Inselbergs of Venezuelan Guayana. In: S. Porembski and W. Barthlott (Eds.). Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock Outcrops in Tropical and Temperate Regions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 291 - 314." type="book chapter" year="2000">Gröger 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8CFFD4FED0CE3F5271F56F" author="Groger" box="[355,523,272,298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Groger, A. (2000) Flora and vegetation of Inselbergs of Venezuelan Guayana. In: S. Porembski and W. Barthlott (Eds.). Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock Outcrops in Tropical and Temperate Regions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 291 - 314." type="book chapter" year="2000">Gröger (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that there is hardly any inselberg-endemic species of plant occurring in both the western (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FED4CE1751A5F517" box="[359,479,312,338]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FE59CE17521FF517" box="[490,613,312,338]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the eastern part (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FCD5CE175462F517" box="[870,1048,312,338]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FB90CE1754EFF517" box="[1059,1173,312,338]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FB5DCE175539F517" box="[1262,1347,312,338]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, and indicated that this is probably the result of past climatological events such as a Pleistocene dry belt crossing the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FF40CEA75132F5E7" box="[243,328,392,418]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield diagonally. Interestingly, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="777D883CFF8CFFD4FD4CCEA75348F5E7" box="[767,818,392,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FC0DCEA7542AF5E4" box="[958,1104,392,418]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC0DCEA753AAF5E4" box="[958,976,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC53CEA7542AF5E4" box="[992,1104,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls in a region that represents a center of endemism and diversity (the “Atures” center following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC574B6FFF8CFFD4FC58CE9F54FBF58F" author="Groger" box="[1003,1153,432,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Groger, A. (2000) Flora and vegetation of Inselbergs of Venezuelan Guayana. In: S. Porembski and W. Barthlott (Eds.). Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock Outcrops in Tropical and Temperate Regions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 291 - 314." type="book chapter" year="2000">Gröger 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of inselberg associated plant species within the western peripheral lowlands of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FCEFCEF753CBF5B7" box="[860,945,472,498]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield. This Atures center of endemism occurs at the intersection of two phytogeographic units that were defined based on different inselbergendemic species that extend in distribution to either north or south from the Atures center. This pattern seems to result from contrasting climatological conditions, especially precipitation, north (dry) and south (humid) from the Atures center. Based on these observations we believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FC74CD575423F6D4" box="[967,1113,632,658]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC74CD5753A3F6D4" box="[967,985,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC5ACD575423F6D4" box="[1001,1113,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the western peripheral lowlands of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FE62CD8F525CF6FF" box="[465,550,672,698]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, and within this region, it is possible that this species follows one of the patterns exhibited by plant species associated to Inselbergs (e.g., endemic to the Atures center, or extending either north or south from there).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A879369EFF8CFFD4FF76CC37548DF087" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,1218]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Although males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FE1ACC3752DBF774" box="[425,673,792,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FE1ACC3752DBF774" box="[425,673,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Gonatodes infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are yet to be collected we speculate about their coloration based on some features observed in specimens available to us and the fact that some of the dark and pale markings found in females of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FD8ECC4752C6F7C4" box="[573,700,872,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FD8ECC4752C6F7C4" box="[573,700,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem homologous (based on topographical similarity) with the distinct coloration ornaments found in males.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0D1760EFF8CFFD4FD1CCCBF52B5F7EF" box="[687,719,912,938]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FC1ECCBF5444F7EC" box="[941,1086,912,937]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC1ECCBF5444F7EC" box="[941,1086,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G. infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in the genus in having females with uniform body coloration devoid of any markings; thus, it is possible that males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FAAECC9750C9F7BC" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FAAECC975555F794" box="[1309,1327,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FA8ECC9750C9F7BC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not as sexually dichromatic as most other species in the genus. However, the fact that in life all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FE84CB2751BDF064" box="[311,455,1032,1058]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FE84CB275133F064" box="[311,329,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FEE4CB2751BDF064" box="[343,455,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had more of a yellowish hue on the head relative to the body might be an indication that males have a distinct yellow hood such as in many other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FC40CB1F5408F00C" box="[1011,1138,1072,1097]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC40CB1F5408F00C" box="[1011,1138,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Gonatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Collecting and studying male specimens should be the immediate focus of future studies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC64D1DFF8CFFD4FC17CB77544EF034" box="[932,1076,1112,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC17CB7753CCF034" box="[932,950,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AB2EA8CFF8CFFD4FC77CB77544EF034" box="[964,1076,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as this would potentially shed lights on the relationships of this species to other members of this genus as well as revealing how sexual dichromatism has been affected by selection towards cryptic coloration in a novel environment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |