342 lines
122 KiB
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342 lines
122 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797605" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="7" checkinTime="1680597792720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grams, Markus, Klinger, Michael & Richter, Stefan" docDate="2023" docId="D96287D14B673204D44C1517FB0C1612" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac083.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Anaspides richardsoni Ahyong 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="974" masterDocId="255BFFA94B63320DD06E1361FFBE1340" masterDocTitle="Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped" masterLastPageNumber="1004" masterPageNumber="965" pageNumber="969" updateTime="1681150147238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Grams, Markus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Klinger, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Richter, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>965</mods:start>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D96287D14B673204D44C1517FB0C1612" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D96287D14B673204D44C1517FB0C1612" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="974" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">
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<subSubSection box="[1058,1347,1654,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[887,1347,1653,1678]" box="[1058,1347,1654,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">
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<heading box="[1058,1347,1654,1677]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1058,1347,1654,1677]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[1058,1186,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">ANASPIDES</emphasis>
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RICHARDSONI
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="974" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[809,1425,1694,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">
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The following descriptions explicitly refer to a detailed examination of the right Thp1 of
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<specimenCount box="[1219,1334,1724,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
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female individuals of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[973,1138,1755,1776]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[973,1138,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">A. richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Comparative surveys of the posterior thoracopods have been made in several specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[975,1149,1816,1838]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[975,1149,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">A. richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Thomson, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniae">
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<emphasis box="[1166,1425,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">Anaspides tasmaniae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson GM" box="[817,991,1847,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" pagination="285 - 303" refId="ref28008" refString="Thomson GM. 1893. On the freshwater schizopod from Tasmania. Transactions of the Linnean Society. 2 nd Series: Zoology 6: 285 - 303." type="journal article" year="1893">Thomson, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Ahyong, 2015" authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2015" box="[1059,1424,1847,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
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<emphasis box="[1059,1262,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="969">Anaspides clarkei</emphasis>
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Ahyong, 2015
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Grams M & Richter S" box="[860,1121,1878,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="969" pagination="125883" refId="ref25639" refString="Grams M, Richter S. 2021. Locomotion in Anaspides (Anaspidacea, Malacostraca) - insights from a morphofunctional study of thoracopods with some observations on swimming and walking. Zoology 144: 125883." type="journal article" year="2021">Grams & Richter, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[163,752,197,253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
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<emphasis box="[163,752,197,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Cuticle and skeletal structures of thoracopods in</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,290,229,253]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anaspides</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[163,779,269,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
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The first pair of thoracopods (Thp1) in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[614,778,269,291]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="970" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[614,778,269,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">A. richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[171,252,300,322]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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) shows some gnathal modifications, while the following (‘posterior’) thoracopods conform to typical ‘pereiopods’. The following description refers to both
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<typeStatus box="[163,225,392,413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">types</typeStatus>
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of legs, if not specified otherwise (for a detailed depiction of posterior thoracopods, see
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<bibRefCitation author="Grams M & Richter S" pageId="5" pageNumber="970" pagination="125883" refId="ref25639" refString="Grams M, Richter S. 2021. Locomotion in Anaspides (Anaspidacea, Malacostraca) - insights from a morphofunctional study of thoracopods with some observations on swimming and walking. Zoology 144: 125883." type="journal article" year="2021">Grams & Richter, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[163,779,269,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
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The thorax connects and articulates with the coxa as an almost square cuticular ring. Anterolaterally, the cuticle of the thorax appears of somewhat lesser robustness (
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<figureCitation box="[317,406,576,598]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). The thorax in the posterior thoracomeres (Thp2–8, respectively) continues into a lateral plate with similar properties, whereas in the first thoracomere the thorax continues into the posterior end of a notably cuticulized carapace-like fold (a short lateral and ventrally oriented overlap of the thoracic cuticle) that reaches anteriorly up to the rostrum. Medially, the thoracic cuticle of the left and right body half is coalesced to a sternum (
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<figureCitation box="[689,771,821,843]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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) that forms a shared roof-like apodeme posteromedially by being curved dorsally and anteriorly (see partly dashed curved arrow and dashed outline,
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<figureCitation box="[638,719,913,935]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[163,779,269,1886]" lastBlockId="5.[827,1444,197,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
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The thoracopodal protopod comprises a coxa, an intrabasis and a basis. The coxa is mainly embodied by two notably robust components: an anterior plate (aCo in
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<figureCitation box="[257,380,1036,1058]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[395,427,1036,1057]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">3B</figureCitation>
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) and a posterior plate with a distinct invagination (pCo in
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<figureCitation box="[511,633,1066,1088]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Figs 2B, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[647,712,1067,1088]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cuticle of the coxa is apparently less robust and more membranous in the medial to posteromedial and posterolateral to lateral areas (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[533,617,1158,1180]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in Thp1 the medial to posteromedial area is largely covered by the robust plates and sclerites of the endites (see next paragraph). In the posterior thoracopods, the anterior coxa plate connects and articulates laterally and anteromedially with the thorax, whereas in Thp1 it is indirectly connected medially to the thorax via a sclerite of the proximal endite. The lateral articulation present in the posterior thoracopods is missing in Thp1, and the transition between the thorax and the anterior coxa appears smooth and ambiguous, without a clear interpodomere membrane. The posterior invagination of the coxa in the posterior thoracopods extends proximally into an anteriorly directed noselike apodeme. No such apodeme is present in Thp1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,254,1618,1640]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Instead, the invagination forms a posterior condyle at the proximal coxa margin that articulates with the thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[367,486,1680,1702]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The joint constellation between thorax and coxa in the posterior thoracopods results in a lateromedial articulation axis allowing promotion and remotion. In Thp1, this axis (ax Th-Co in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[196,317,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is (in comparison) rotated by almost 45°, resulting in a combined motion of promotion with abduction and remotion with adduction, respectively. On its distal margin, the coxa forms a bicondylar articulation with the intrabasis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1235,1323,227,249]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with an anterior condyle at the anterior coxa plate (the condyle being more strongly invaginated in Thp1;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a posterior condyle at the posterior coxa invagination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[986,1098,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1444,197,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
|
||
In females, an endite attaches medially on the coxa of thoracopods 5–7. It is lobate, moderately cuticulized and carries long, distally and slightly anteriorly directed setae. These endites are missing or at least much less prominent on the other ‘pereiopods’ and in males in general. However, on Thp1 two endites are present (in both sexes), together with a somewhat complex construction of plates and sclerites: the proximal endite appears leaf-like (pEn in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1315,1428,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the distal endite is more or less tetrahedral (dEn in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[920,1031,687,709]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both these endites have a distinct proximal plate (or stem), from which they arise (St* and St** in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1048,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The plate of the proximal endite connects and articulates posterolaterally with the posterior coxa plate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1073,1158,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
; left white arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), medially with the distal endite (right white arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[860,947,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and anteromedially, via a sclerite, with both the anterior coxa plate and the thoracic sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,948,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[961,993,933,954]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The plate of the distal endite reaches posterolaterally into the membranous area of the coxa (without connecting to the posterior coxa plate;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1356,1437,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
; St** in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[913,994,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), in addition to forming anterolaterally a shared condyle with both the anterior coxa plate and the intrabasis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1061,1146,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
; white arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1344,1428,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal edge of the proximal endite and the distal triangular surface of the distal endite are both setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1444,197,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
|
||
Laterally attached to the coxa are two leaf-like epipods, with the second epipod originating distally to the first, while being positioned anteriorly to it (pEp and dEp in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1032,1270,1292]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the posterior thoracopods, the epipods originate close to each other, whereas they are positioned far more apart proximodistally in Thp1 (pEp and dEp in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[959,1073,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each epipod has a stem, which is clearly distinct from the distal portion. Although the epipods are only weakly cuticulized overall, the stem appears to be more strongly cuticulized than the rest. Anteriorly, the stem of the distal/anterior epipod is articulated with the coxa via a rhombus-shaped sclerite, which appears to be absent in Thp1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1444,197,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
|
||
The intrabasis is a robust half-ring covering the anterior, lateral and posterior wall of the leg (InB in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,908,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), leaving the medial side between the coxa and basis mostly membranous. A bicondylar articulation between the intrabasis and the basis (ax InB-Ba in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is formed by an inwardly folded anterolateral edge and a posteromedial articulation point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1444,197,1875]" lastBlockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="974" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">
|
||
The basis (Ba in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1061,1182,1791,1813]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="970">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) takes up about twothirds (almost three-quarters in Thp1) of the total length of the protopod. A bicondylar articulation with the endopod (i.e. the ischium) is formed by robust anterolateral and posteromedial articulation points. However, in Thp1, the posteromedial articulation point is apparently absent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[525,660,1876,1898]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="971">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Here, strongly cuticulized edges are present, but without being in (at least not permanent) contact, possibly resulting in some
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1026,1077,1846,1867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="971">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of ‘sliding-edge’ articulation. The proximal margin of the basis comprises a robust half-ring covering the anterolateral, anterior, medial and posteromedial edges. The rest of the basis also appears to be strongly cuticulized, although less robust compared wth the proximal margin. Both the intrabasis and basis of Thp1 generally appear to be of higher robustness than in the posterior thoracopods, with the anterior wall of the basis being prominently concave, more or less fitting the form of the distal coxal endite and the anteriorly adjacent maxilla, while the narrow medial wall is densely setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="971" startId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" targetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,1425,1440,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="971">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,249,1440,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="971">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[787,1022,1441,1463]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="971" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[787,1022,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="971">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="972" startId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" targetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[163,1443,1489,1776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="972">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,269,1489,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="972">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[721,960,1490,1512]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="972" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[721,960,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="972">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="973" startId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" targetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,1425,1563,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,250,1563,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="973">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[915,1151,1563,1585]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="973" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1151,1563,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="973">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
Within the lateral membrane between the basis and the intrabasis of Thp1–7, an exopod attaches laterally. The exopod of Thp 2–6 comprises a prominent peduncle and a long, feathered flagellum, whereas in Thp1 and Thp7 it comprises only a short stem, followed by a longish lamellar portion (Ex in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[163,247,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In Thp2–6, the exopod articulates with the basis via an anterior hinge and a posterior rhombusshaped sclerite. Both these articulation structures are missing in Thp1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
The endopod consists of the ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus and, for the most part, accords between Thp1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[535,661,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the posterior thoracopods. The ischium (Is in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[678,772,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[163,194,749,770]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) measures less than half the length of the basis. A bicondylar articulation with the merus is formed by an anteromedial and a posterolateral articulation point (ax Is-Me in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[307,388,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
The merus (Me in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[408,498,872,894]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[513,545,872,893]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) somewhat exceeds the length of the basis. A bicondylar knee-like articulation with the carpus is formed by anteromedial and posterolateral articulation points, respectively (ax Me-Ca in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[275,356,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
The carpus (Ca in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[420,515,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[145,223,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[225,1345,195,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; distal parts of epipods and exopod damaged from maceration; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endites highlighted in darker blue and the additional intrabasis in purple. A, anterior view; white dashed line emphasizes the border of the anterior coxa. B, dorsal view of protopod (endopod blanked out); partly dashed curved arrow and white dashed line emphasize the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. C, D, detailed view of protopod; ischium traced in by white line. C, anterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the margin of the anterior coxa; endopod blanked out, but ischium indicated by white outline. D, posterior view of protopod; dashed white line emphasizes the medial margin of the posterior coxa. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipodite; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797609/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[532,565,1025,1046]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) measures about half the length of the basis. Posteriorly on its proximal margin, a broad sclerite reaches distally into the propodus, serving as an attachment site for muscle MC2. The carpus articulates distally with the propodus via an anterior condyle (white arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[283,448,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a complex posterior construction: a posterolateral sclerite (cBr in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) connects the distal margin of the carpus to a cuticular half-ring (cHr in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[534,684,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is positioned posteriorly at and articulating medially and laterally with the proximal margin of the propodus (m* and l* in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[447,598,1393,1415]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two sclerites (not depicted) arise slightly proximal to the medial and lateral joints, functioning as attachment sites for muscles CP2 and CP4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
The propodus (Pr in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[430,577,1516,1538]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) measures about three-quarters of the length of the basis. A bicondylar articulation with the dactylus is formed by slightly posteromedial and posterolateral articulation points (ax Pr-Da in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[309,390,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
The dactylus (Da in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[415,525,1669,1691]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,224,1563,1585]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[253,1317,195,1533]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Cuticle of endopod of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, D, white line outlines the additional articulation structure in the carpus–propodus joint, with arrow pointing at dorsal articulation point. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B–D, volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of the figure). B, dorsal view of basis–ischium joint, from inside the basis; proximal part of basis and podomeres distal to ischium blanked out; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the basis; dashed line emphasizes the outside margin of the virtual section of the basis; arrow points at the articulation point. C, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the distal margin of the carpus. D, proximal view of carpus– propodus joint from within the carpus; dashed line outlines the distal margin of the carpus. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; cBr, cuticular bridge (sclerite) at carpus–propodus joint; cHr, cuticular half-ring at carpus–propodus joint; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; m*, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; pos, posterior; Pr, propodus; *l, lateral articulation point." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797615/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is short and of robust cuticle, ending in a lateromedial row of four (six in Thp1) strong, cuspidate setae of alternating length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,262,1761,1783]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[163,244,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[182,758,207,926]" captionTargetId="figure-359@3.[179,761,195,929]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Hypothetical (potentially unnatural) position of a schematized biramous thoracopod, with the protopod and endopod being maximally straightened ventrad from the body and the exopod and epipods being maximally straightened laterad. Depicted is either a right leg from the posterior perspective or a left leg from the anterior perspective. The number of exopod articles is arbitrary. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dist, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797607/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[276,307,1761,1782]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[163,243,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-72@7.[323,1283,195,1460]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female), with details of epipods, endites and exopod; micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 2. A, posterior view; only posterior coxa and intrabasis colour-coded; dashed white lines emphasize the outlines of the basis (lateral wall and distal margin) and the proximal epipod. B, C, macerated. B, anterior view; dashed white line outlines the proximal structures of the distal endite, with arrow pointing at triple contact point of the anterior coxa, distal endite and intrabasis; basis blanked out. C, medial view; dashed white line emphasizes the distal margin of the proximal stem of the proximal endite, with arrows pointing at contact points with the posterior coxa and the distal endite, respectively; basis blanked out. Abbreviations: aCo, anterior coxa; Ba, basis; dEn, distal endite; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pos, posterior; prox, proximal; St*, stem of proximal endite; St**, stem of distal endite; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797611/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), giving it a clawed or almost hand-like appearance. Posteriorly, on its proximal margin, a longish sclerite (not depicted) reaches into the distal third of the propodus, functioning as attachment sites for muscles CD1 and PD1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1249,197,221]" box="[827,1249,197,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<heading box="[827,1249,197,221]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1114,197,221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
Musculature of Thp
|
||
<quantity box="[1069,1114,197,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1894" box="[1122,1249,197,221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anaspides</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,237,1363]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
In the right Thp1, a total of 33 extrinsic and intrinsic muscles were identified (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1146,1223,268,290]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[146,227,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-101@10.[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Muscles in the protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, B, similar orientation with different muscles blanked out; dotted white lines emphasize the outline of the basis, the ventral margin of the proximal epipod, the thorax, the proximal endite and the endoskeletal ligament in the coxa; posterior coxa is coloured light blue; intrabasis is coloured light grey. A, posterior view; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. B, posterior view with proximal endoskeleton. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; Lg, ligament in coxa; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pEs, proximal endoskeleton between thorax and coxa; prox, proximal; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797617/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1241,1255,268,290]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">6</figureCitation>
|
||
; for a detailed description, see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1008,1092,299,321]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="12.[145,209,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 2. Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles in thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05B4664F4B6F3201D0FF13A5FB68139A" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" tableUuid="05B4664F4B6F3201D0FF13A5FB68139A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,237,1363]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
A total of 13 extrinsic muscles connect the thorax with the leg (i.e. with the protopod;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1241,1356,360,382]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[146,227,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-101@10.[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Muscles in the protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, B, similar orientation with different muscles blanked out; dotted white lines emphasize the outline of the basis, the ventral margin of the proximal epipod, the thorax, the proximal endite and the endoskeletal ligament in the coxa; posterior coxa is coloured light blue; intrabasis is coloured light grey. A, posterior view; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. B, posterior view with proximal endoskeleton. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; Lg, ligament in coxa; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pEs, proximal endoskeleton between thorax and coxa; prox, proximal; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797617/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six of these muscles (TC1–6) insert on the coxa, with two of them more specifically on the posterior invagination (TC1 and TC5) and one (TC6) on a ligament that connects the posterior invagination of the coxa with the slight depression of the anterior coxa wall. A further two of the 13 extrinsic muscles insert on the proximal coxal endite (TC2) and the distal epipod (TEp1), respectively. The remaining four muscles insert on the intrabasis (TIn1) and the basis (TB1–3), respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,237,1363]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
Of the 20 intrinsic leg muscles, ten originate in the protopod (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[950,1077,728,750]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[146,227,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-101@10.[353,1217,195,1471]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Muscles in the protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, B, similar orientation with different muscles blanked out; dotted white lines emphasize the outline of the basis, the ventral margin of the proximal epipod, the thorax, the proximal endite and the endoskeletal ligament in the coxa; posterior coxa is coloured light blue; intrabasis is coloured light grey. A, posterior view; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. B, posterior view with proximal endoskeleton. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; Lg, ligament in coxa; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pEs, proximal endoskeleton between thorax and coxa; prox, proximal; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797617/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1092,1124,728,750]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Seven of these originate from the coxa (CIn1, CIn2 and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1199,1239,758,780]" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">CB</collectionCode>
|
||
1–
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1264,1304,758,780]" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">CB</collectionCode>
|
||
5), with two (CIn1 and CIn2) inserting on the intrabasis and five (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[835,873,820,842]" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">CB</collectionCode>
|
||
1–
|
||
<collectionCode box="[897,935,820,842]" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">CB</collectionCode>
|
||
5) on the basis. One of these intrinsic muscles (CIn1) connects the proximal coxal endite with the intrabasis. Only one muscle (InB1) directly connects the intrabasis with the basis. Another two muscles originate in the basis and insert on the proximal margin of the ischium (BIs1 and BIs2). No muscles are extrinsically or intrinsically associated with the exopod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,237,1363]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
|
||
Intrinsic to the endopod, 11 muscles are present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,947,1096,1118]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two of these muscles connect the ischium with the merus (IsM1 and IsM2;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1216,1333,1126,1148]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two connect the merus with the carpus (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1262,1310,1157,1178]" country="0" name="Museo de Cipolleti" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">MC</collectionCode>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1380,1425,1157,1178]" country="0" name="Museo de Cipolleti" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">MC</collectionCode>
|
||
2;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,939,1188,1210]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five muscles originate in the carpus, with four of them inserting on the proximal margin of the propodus (CP1–4) and one muscle (CD1) reaching onto the proximal margin of the dactylus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1316,1428,1280,1302]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). A further two muscles connect the propodus with the dactylus (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[938,978,1341,1362]" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">PD</collectionCode>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1044,1082,1341,1362]" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">PD</collectionCode>
|
||
2;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1106,1186,1341,1363]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-225@11.[291,1315,195,1355]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in Anaspides richardsoni (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |