239 lines
55 KiB
XML
239 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B486D980B59BD204A387524FD0745D76">Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E487E0303C214B2D6AA23861097F21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180663267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4633318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E0303C214B2D6AA23861097F21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E0303C214B2D6AA23861097F21" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="C357657D303C21442D6AA23866537FEC" box="[823,1037,1647,1669]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6303C21442D6AA23866537FEC" blockId="37.[823,1037,1647,1669]" box="[823,1037,1647,1669]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="D0BA819A303C21442D6AA23866537FEC" box="[823,1037,1647,1669]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75303C21442D6AA23861D37FEC" ID-CoL="68KB" ID-ENA="1498345" box="[823,909,1648,1669]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Oonops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303C21442D6AA23861D37FEC" box="[823,909,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Oonops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Ibiza)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357657D303C214B2CE5A2E261097F21" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6303C21442CE5A2E266F77FB6" blockId="37.[667,1193,1706,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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SPERM TRANSFER FORM (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303C21442A58A2E266397FAB" box="[1029,1127,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">figs. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303C21442A26A2E266C27FAB" box="[1147,1180,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">23</figureCitation>
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): Small (,5 Mm), mainly oval-shaped synsper-
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF32667E303F21472ECBA1C161607F55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612373/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[150,188,1417,1436]" targetBox="[128,1230,208,1394]" targetPageId="38">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6303F21472ECBA1C161607F55" blockId="38.[128,1229,1416,1596]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Fig. 33. Characteristics of synspermia of
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472C25A1C061DE7CF2" box="[632,896,1416,1436]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75303F21472C25A1C061237CF2" box="[632,893,1416,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Paradysderina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanayacu">Paradysderina yanayacu</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472DD3A1C161FE7CF5" bold="true" box="[910,928,1417,1436]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
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: Within the lumen of the deferent ducts, numerous large, oval-shaped sperm conjugates and two types of secretion are visible.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472EDDA1F662CE7CB8" bold="true" box="[128,144,1470,1489]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
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: Cross sections through an entire sperm conjugate showing the arrangement of sperm cell components of all four sperm, which are beginning to coil around each other.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472D77A19061627C82" bold="true" box="[810,828,1496,1515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
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: Synspermia are surrounded by a thin secretion sheath.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472F6FA1BB631B7F6F" bold="true" box="[306,325,1523,1542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
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: Numerous, densely packed membranes are visible.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472D3DA1BB612E7F6F" bold="true" box="[864,880,1523,1542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
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: The four spermatids coil around each other, thus the prcN appears helically contorted.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303F21472C84A24660B67F48" bold="true" box="[729,744,1550,1569]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F</emphasis>
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: A small amount of electron-dense material surrounds the peripheral microtubules at the base of the axoneme.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6303F21472EDDA23966CE7FB6" blockId="38.[128,654,1649,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[701,1228,1649,1759]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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mia (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472E9EA23963457FEE" box="[195,283,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">figs. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472F6DA23A633F7FE1" box="[304,353,1650,1672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">23A</figureCitation>
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) comprising two sperm (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472ED5A2C762BE7FCD" box="[136,224,1679,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">figs. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472EA4A2C763747FCC" box="[249,298,1679,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">23B</figureCitation>
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). A distinct, electron-dense vesicular area surrounds all main cell components (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472EB7A281636B7FB6" box="[234,309,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 23</figureCitation>
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A–C). The cytoplasm appears granular (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472D6AA239619E7FEE" box="[823,960,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 23C, E</figureCitation>
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). Synspermia are unsheathed; instead, several sperm conjugates cluster in the distal deferent duct, embedded in a distinct secretion matrix (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73303F21472A7DA28166DA7FB6" box="[1056,1156,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 23A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF32667E303E21462E29A1C061EE7F52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612375/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[116,155,1416,1435]" targetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" targetPageId="39">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6303E21462E29A1C061EE7F52" blockId="39.[93,1193,1416,1595]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Fig. 34. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75303E21462C07A1C0610B7CF2" box="[602,853,1416,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Paradysderina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanayacu">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462C07A1C0610B7CF2" box="[602,853,1416,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paradysderina yanayacu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462D3EA1C0612B7CF2" bold="true" box="[867,885,1416,1435]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
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: A small AV that is attached to the cell membrane is formed at the anterior pole of nucleus.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462D72A1EB61617CDF" bold="true" box="[815,831,1443,1462]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
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: Little electron-dense material is associated with the posterior portion of the AV.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462C33A1F560DE7CB9" bold="true" box="[622,640,1469,1488]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
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: The large IF contains numerous mitochondria.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462AD2A1F666FC7CB8" bold="true" box="[1167,1186,1470,1489]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
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: During the development of the spermatids the prcN extremely elongates and screws.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462DB0A19061A37C82" bold="true" box="[1005,1021,1496,1515]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
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: Little electrondense material is associated with the peripheral microtubules in the axoneme.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462DBCA1BB61AE7F6F" bold="true" box="[993,1008,1523,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F</emphasis>
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: At the end of spermiogenesis four spermatids arrange closely attached to each other and finally form a large synspermium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462EABA26063577F52" bold="true" box="[246,265,1576,1595]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
|
||
: Large membrane whirls are visible within the sperm conjugate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6303E21492E27A23966927FB6" blockId="39.[93,620,1649,1759]" lastBlockId="40.[701,1228,1648,1759]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462E27A23963517FEF" box="[122,271,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spermatozoa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462F43A23963287FEF" box="[286,374,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462FDCA23963FE7FEE" box="[385,416,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">23</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462FEEA23962CB7FCD" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acrosomal complex:</emphasis>
|
||
AV long (,3.9 Mm), cylindrical; narrow subacrosomal space (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462F09A2E463E97FAB" box="[340,439,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fig. 23C</figureCitation>
|
||
). AF originates from the subacrosomal space, ends in the region of the axonemal base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303E21462A5CA239663D7FEF" bold="true" box="[1025,1123,1649,1670]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nucleus:</emphasis>
|
||
prcN compact (,4.3 Mm) and tubelike (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462A08A2C666FC7FCC" box="[1109,1186,1678,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a distinct crest, on which the nuclear canal is running (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462DD2A28161B97FB7" box="[911,999,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[116,155,871,890]" captionTargetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" captionTargetId="figure-340@27.[93,1193,207,848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Oonops sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303E21462A5CA28166067FB6" box="[1025,1112,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">23D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The implantation fossa is small but wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492C1EA238629A7FCA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fig. 23 D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides a little granular material, presumably glycogen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492FD4A2E363B07FAB" box="[393,494,1707,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fig. 23D</figureCitation>
|
||
), the implantation fossa contains the two centrioles and the base of the Ax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492DF3A238664E7FEF" box="[942,1040,1648,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||
). peN nearly as long as prcN (,2.9 Mm) and flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492C98A2E361437FA8" box="[709,797,1707,1729]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">figs. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492D71A2E461007FAB" box="[812,862,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">24E</figureCitation>
|
||
). NC located in the periphery, on a distinct crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303121492DF8A28166587FB6" box="[933,1030,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492A41A28166D17FB7" bold="true" box="[1052,1167,1737,1758]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Axoneme:</emphasis>
|
||
long
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667E303121492ECBA110636A7F56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612379/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[150,188,1368,1387]" targetBox="[128,1230,207,1345]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6303121492ECBA110636A7F56" blockId="40.[128,1228,1367,1599]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Fig. 35. Characteristics of synspermia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75303121492C0CA11F614F7C03" box="[593,785,1367,1387]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Scaphios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanayacu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492C0CA11F614F7C03" box="[593,785,1367,1387]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scaphios yanayacu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492D43A110616E7C02" bold="true" box="[798,816,1368,1387]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Within the testis and proximal portion of the deferent ducts, the sperm conjugate is very voluminous, although the sperm cell components are restricted to a small portion that is located in the center of the synsperm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492DCEA1C561FD7CC9" bold="true" box="[915,931,1421,1440]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Furthermore, the vesicular area that surrounds the sperm cell components appears granular and the chromatin still looks spotty.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492AEEA1EF669B7CD3" bold="true" box="[1203,1221,1447,1466]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
: Within the distal portion of the deferent ducts the cytoplasm of synspermia is compressed and numerous mitochondria are visible.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492FFCA19563EA7C99" bold="true" box="[417,436,1501,1520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Finally, the vesicular area is homogeneously electron dense.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492A20A19566D37C99" bold="true" box="[1149,1165,1501,1520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
|
||
: The microtubular pattern of the axoneme is hardly visible due to its electron density. The cytoplasm adjacent to the nuclei appears granular and presumably contains some glycogen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303121492D38A25A612A7F4C" bold="true" box="[869,884,1554,1573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
|
||
: The anterior pole of nucleus is slightly indented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667E303021482E29A127634E7F55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612381/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[116,155,1391,1410]" targetBox="[93,1195,207,1368]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6303021482E29A127634E7F55" blockId="41.[93,1193,1390,1596]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Fig. 36. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75303021482C0BA12661487CE8" box="[598,790,1390,1410]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Scaphios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanayacu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482C0BA12661487CE8" box="[598,790,1390,1410]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Scaphios yanayacu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482D7EA127616B7CEB" bold="true" box="[803,821,1391,1410]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Early spermatids are characterized by a peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482C1AA1C260097CF4" bold="true" box="[583,599,1418,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
: The acrosomal vacuole of early spermatids possesses an enlarged subacrosomal space.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482FC0A1EC63F17CDE" bold="true" box="[413,431,1444,1463]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
: In midspermatids the AV is surrounded by electron-dense material.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482AD2A1EC66FC7CDE" bold="true" box="[1167,1186,1444,1463]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Numerous membrane whirls are visible in close association to the elongating nucleus in mid- and late spermatids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482E86A19162B57C85" bold="true" box="[219,235,1497,1516]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">E</emphasis>
|
||
: A multilayered manchette of microtubules surrounds the nucleus for its most part; the AF that runs inside the nuclear canal clearly ends before the axonemal base (inset).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4303021482DB7A1BC61A77F6E" bold="true" box="[1002,1017,1524,1543]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">F</emphasis>
|
||
: At the end of spermiogenesis four spermatids fuse completely and arrange in the middle of the voluminous sperm conjugate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6303021482E00A238634C7FCA" blockId="41.[93,619,1646,1759]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
(,23.4 Mm), 9+3 microtubular pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303021482E38A2C5629C7FCB" box="[101,194,1677,1699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[150,188,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@28.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 23. Characteristics of synspermia of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: Sperm conjugates, which are composed of two sperm, arrange in cluster. B: Synspermia are not provided with a secretion sheath, but show a distinct electron-dense vesicular area. C: The condensed chromatin appears fibrillar, distinct electronlucent stalks appear, and the cytoplasm appears granular in sperm conjugates. D: The NC is located on a distinct projection, running in the periphery of the nucleus; note mitochondria within the cytoplasm. E: The base of the axoneme, with a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), is associated with a little electron-dense material. F: Note a small amount of glycogen is present in the IF, as well as within the cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate. A thin ribbon originating from the vesicular area is located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate underneath the membrane of syncytium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612345/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||
inset).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6303021482E27A2E260357FB6" blockId="41.[93,619,1646,1759]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73303021482FA2A2E260007FAB" box="[511,606,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
): Within the testis all stages of spermiogenesis
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F63030214B2CC6A23861097F21" blockId="41.[667,1193,1647,1759]" lastBlockId="42.[701,1228,1294,1608]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
are present; spermatids are arranged in cysts of the same developmental stage. Early spermatids are characterized by a large, mainly spherical nucleus that is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2C42A14660DF7C4D" box="[543,641,1294,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a developing acrosomal complex, which is attached to the anterior pole of the nucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2EB1A12F63117C14" box="[236,335,1383,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
). During further differentiation, the acrosomal vacuole sinks into the nucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2EACA1EA63237CD1" box="[241,381,1442,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Simultaneously, the two centrioles migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus, consequently forming an implantation fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2FCAA1B263A97F78" box="[407,503,1530,1553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior portion of nucleus is constricted, resulting in a small neck. Chromatin condensation occurs heterogeneously and shows a specific pattern, in which a distinct crest of dense chromatin is separated from the remaining, tubelike condensing chromatin of the nucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2F48A281632B7FB6" box="[277,373,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of this crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2D55A16361CC7C28" box="[776,914,1323,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24B, D</figureCitation>
|
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). At the end of spermiogenesis, the Ax is retracted and coils within the cell membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2DEBA12E66497C15" box="[950,1047,1382,1404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the same time, several electron-dense vesicles fuse, initiating formation of a distinct vesicular area that surrounds all main sperm cell components (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2DC8A19266457C99" box="[917,1051,1498,1520]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, two spermatids that are still connected via cellular bridges fuse, forming synspermia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733033214B2C98A27A61177F21" box="[709,841,1586,1608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-55@29.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 24. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Oonops sp. (Ibiza). A: The small developing AV is attached to the cell membrane anteriorly (magnification in inset); the nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. B: The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears fibrillar in midspermatids. C: The elongated AV is surrounded by electron-dense material (arrow) at the anterior pole of the nucleus. D: The AF extends into the NC that is located on a distinct projection in the periphery of the nucleus. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, the main cell components coil within the cell membrane, while the spermatids remain connected with each other via cellular bridges. F: Finally, two spermatids fuse, forming a mainly spherical sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612347/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fig. 24E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |