444 lines
64 KiB
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444 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="E88365436E0C07E74673CE3C7F690366" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5298914" ID-ZooBank="E922034E-1247-400B-97F6-1778CF766B91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629867666578" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M." docDate="2013" docId="03E45152FFC3FFBBA6ABFF3356A547CC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03684p166.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3684 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Curtonotum tsacas Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFDD292AFF9FFFE6A63CFFA4553F4548" masterDocTitle="<p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p>" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1699124826494" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D68975D1B1401B45DC33CE273BA90F9E">
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<mods:title id="CF923C07FE173D7D628AD255CE9D2386"><p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p></mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C415D7CD7FE67026BF39F329CE6F1B9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="327923F82EE3034AE8E33B93BEDADEC8">Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="14299754ACD16D2842D4CFC51510479F" type="email">ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3E647605965A61F5FF937C774C0FBD0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="235685C515BB9C8E093B5568F1E35B31">Wiegmann, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5332547C1B37CFA5162AAC3F262BCF3" type="email">ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="099C1ADA8AA4191DDB5176334E5DCE16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E43ED44A24BB2717520F92C3B5EA6520">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3F5896DA8D32B26D85064C41E545AA61">
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<mods:date id="C29C7F90917908DA44153C73419A1CE9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0217D8B156F682282F9A81100535542">2013-07-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D5DA0BF958B448098B92F46C763C98F6">3684</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E4AA7C3956177A7BE8291246830DAB11">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="85D3C09A2FC7906BC85FC5C71D36EB79">journal article</mods:classification>
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<subSubSection id="C357B3CFFFC3FFBAA6ABFF33574845F9" box="[151,631,151,177]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6ABFF33574845F9" blockId="92.[151,814,151,210]" box="[151,631,151,177]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0BA5728FFC3FFBAA6ABFF33574845F9" bold="true" box="[151,631,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6ABFF33574845F9" bold="true" box="[151,631,151,177]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA6ABFF33571645F9" ID-CoL="8GPJ7" authority="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,553,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6ABFF33544445F9" bold="true" box="[151,379,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Curtonotum tsacas</emphasis>
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Kirk-Spriggs
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC3FFBAA409FF33574845F9" box="[565,631,151,177]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C357B3CFFFC3FFBBA6ABFF1E56A547CC" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6ABFF1E5611459A" blockId="92.[151,814,151,210]" box="[151,814,186,210]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA6ABFF1E55C6459A" box="[151,249,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 118</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA739FF1E540E459A" box="[261,305,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">142</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA701FF1E5456459A" box="[317,361,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 172–181" captionStartId="68.[151,263,1496,1519]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,213,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-286@68.[151,1436,210,1459]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 172–181. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 172. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 173. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 174. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 175. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 176. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 177. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 178. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 179. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 180. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Samaru, MNHN). 181. C. simile (N-T, Oman, Ourm, MZLU). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298954/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">178</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA749FF1E572D459A" box="[373,530,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">250, 254, 258</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA421FF1E5775459A" box="[541,586,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 295–305" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@94.[156,1430,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 295–305. Male sternites of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 295. C. angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 296. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 297. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 298. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 299. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 300. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 301. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU). 302. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 303. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC). 304. C. simile (N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC). 305. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">301</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA469FF1E5786459A" box="[597,697,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 306–321" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-220@100.[150,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 306–321. Examples of female postabdomen of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 306. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU), ventral. 307. Same, lateral. 308. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA), ventral. 309. Same, lateral. 310. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM), ventral. 311. Same, lateral. 312. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC), ventral. 313. Same, lateral. 314. C. litoralis sp. n. (PT, [Tanzania], Zanzibar, BMNH), ventral. 315. Same, lateral. 316. C. uncinatum sp. n. (N-T, Namibia, Regenstein 32, NMNW), ventral. 317. Same, lateral. 318. C. sakalava (N-T, Madagascar, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS), ventral. 319. Same, lateral. 320. C. balachowskyi (N-T, Madagascar, Ambovamy Belambo, TAU), ventral. 321. Same, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298981/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">308, 309</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA4F9FF1E57CE459A" box="[709,753,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 328" captionStartId="122.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-130@122.[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 328. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298995/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">328</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA4C1FF1E5614459A" box="[765,811,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 329" captionStartId="125.[151,250,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-145@125.[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURE 329. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Major Habitat Types: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298997/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">329</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6ABFEA751444476" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6ABFEA7542A4453" box="[151,277,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA43AFEA757734452" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[518,588,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA43AFEA757734452" box="[518,588,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">tsacas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition, named in honour of Léonidas Tsacas (MNHN) in recognition of his substantial contribution to our knowledge of Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA5D0FE82514C4476" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1004,1139,294,318]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA5D0FE82514C4476" box="[1004,1139,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Curtonotum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFEEF567C442A" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" box="[199,835,330,355]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFEEF5474442A" box="[199,331,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Description</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA766FEEF54AC442B" box="[346,403,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Male</emphasis>
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(primarily based on field-pinned HT).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFECA516744CE" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" box="[199,1112,366,390]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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As redescribed for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA7A0FECA575744CE" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[412,616,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campsiphallum">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA7A0FECA549044CE" box="[412,431,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA781FECA575744CE" box="[445,616,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">campsiphallum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(above), differing in the following respects:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFE3755F744BA" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFE37545644E2" box="[199,361,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Measurements</emphasis>
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: Overall length unknown (the
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<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA4F7FE3757DF44E2" box="[715,736,403,426]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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measures
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<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA564FE3656DC44E2" box="[856,995,402,426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.7 mm</quantity>
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;
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA5CCFE3756C144E2" box="[1008,1022,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2, PT); length of head and thorax combined
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA730FE1254A94486" box="[268,406,438,462]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of thorax and scutellum combined
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA54FFE1256C24486" box="[883,1021,438,462]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA2AFFE1250264486" box="[1171,1305,438,462]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA316FE1350074486" box="[1322,1336,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5, HT, PT).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFE5A573C4782" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFE5A543B475E" box="[199,260,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA72AFE5A5441475E" box="[278,382,510,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 118</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA7B2FE5A5483475E" box="[398,444,510,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">142</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye height/length ratio: 10:6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA509FE5B567C475E" box="[821,835,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, HT); frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA22BFE5A5144475E" box="[1047,1147,510,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
|
||
) markedly narrow, frons length/width ratio: 5:7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA798FD87548D4772" box="[420,434,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, HT), ground colour pale dirty yellow-brown, markedly darker brown or pitchy (see notes on variation below), at vertex between orbital plates and ocellar triangle and between orbital plates and eye margin, medial vittae conspicuous; flagellomere 1 pitchy black apically, arista with 9–10 dorsal branches and 4 ventral branches; 11 fine setae bordering genal groove; gena narrow, eye height/genal height ratio: 10:1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA36AFD2B505B47EE" box="[1366,1380,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, HT), silver pruinose throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFD725075465A" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFD72542747A6" box="[199,280,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA71BFD7254B647A6" box="[295,393,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postpronotum with 12 fine black-brown setulae; anepisternum surface with 25 fine setulae, 2 arranged in a group in posterior corner; katepisternum with 20 setulae at base and along posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFCBB504C467E" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" box="[199,1395,798,822]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFCBB55C3467E" box="[199,252,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore coxa with 9 brown setulae on anterior surface; fore tibia with ctenidium of 9–13 black spinules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFCE757174636" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFCE7543F4612" box="[199,256,835,858]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA72CFCE6544C4612" box="[272,371,834,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 172–181" captionStartId="68.[151,263,1496,1519]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,213,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-286@68.[151,1436,210,1459]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 172–181. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 172. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 173. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 174. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 175. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 176. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 177. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 178. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 179. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 180. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Samaru, MNHN). 181. C. simile (N-T, Oman, Ourm, MZLU). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298954/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
). Membrane markedly infuscate brown or pitchy brown (see notes below on variation);
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA36DFCE750A34613" box="[1361,1436,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">dm–cu</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein with acutely angled bend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFC2F549D4132" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFC2F540E46EB" box="[199,305,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Tergite 1 simple, with oblique, subquadrate brown-black pruinose dorsolateral macula on either side only; tergite 2 with wide median fascia and oblique, subquadrate brown-black pruinose dorsolateral macula on either side; tergites 3–5 with broad, brown median fascia and well developed “T-shaped” brown lateral maculae, all merging with median fascia, lateral margin of tergites 2–5 with subtriangular maculae in basal ⅔; sternite 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA352FC5255FD417A" captionStart="FIGURES 295–305" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@94.[156,1430,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 295–305. Male sternites of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 295. C. angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 296. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 297. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 298. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 299. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 300. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 301. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU). 302. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 303. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC). 304. C. simile (N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC). 305. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 301</figureCitation>
|
||
) laterally expanded (may appear wider than
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA4EFFBBE560B417A" box="[723,820,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 295–305" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@94.[156,1430,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 295–305. Male sternites of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 295. C. angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 296. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 297. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 298. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 299. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 300. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 301. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU). 302. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 303. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC). 304. C. simile (N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC). 305. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA536FBBE560B417A" box="[778,820,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6453999999999995" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="in" value="301.0">301</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in undissected specimens), broad basally with deep, subtriangular V-shaped apical excision, extensively darkened, especially medially, clothed in very short black irregular brown setulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFB22512E403E" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFB22547E41D6" box="[199,321,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA76CFB22571741D6" box="[336,552,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 250, 254, 258</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypandrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA4E5FB22560541D6" box="[729,826,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 250</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA579FB22566041D6" box="[837,863,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">hy</emphasis>
|
||
) hypandrial arms broad basally, expanded apically (viewed laterally), sclerotised area of medial lobes (viewed dorsally), very wide medially, abutting and overlapping; postgonite (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA780FB6B54E741AE" box="[444,472,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">pg</emphasis>
|
||
); epandrium (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA4B9FB6B57A041AE" box="[645,671,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ep</emphasis>
|
||
) as wide dorsally as ventrally (viewed laterally), dorsal margin moderately straight; cercus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA7E9FB5754D14042" box="[469,494,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ce</emphasis>
|
||
); surstylus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA446FB5757AF4042" box="[634,656,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ss</emphasis>
|
||
); phallus (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA57FFB5656994042" box="[835,934,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 254</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA58DFB5756F24043" box="[945,973,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ph</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA5E6FB5756C94043" box="[986,1014,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">bp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA238FB57511F4043" box="[1028,1056,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">dp</emphasis>
|
||
; 258,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA259FB5751BE4043" box="[1125,1153,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">bp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA2B3FB5751944043" box="[1167,1195,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">dp</emphasis>
|
||
); phallapodeme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA352FB5655FB4066" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 254</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6E8FAB255CF4066" box="[212,240,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ph</emphasis>
|
||
); ejaculatory apodeme (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA433FAB357164066" box="[527,553,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ea</emphasis>
|
||
); basiphallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA4E4FAB256BF4066" box="[728,896,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURES 247–258" captionStartId="82.[151,263,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[244,1347,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[243,1347,185,1834]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 247–258. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 247–250. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 247. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 248. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 249. C. sao (N- T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 250. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 251–254. Phallus (right lateral view). 251. C. hay (same). 252. C. quinquevittatum (same). 253. C. sao (same). 254. C. tsacas (same). 255–258. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 255. C. hay (same). 256. C. quinquevittatum (same). 257. C. sao (same). 258. C. tsacas (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298968/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 254, 258</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA5ACFAB256934066" box="[912,940,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">bp</emphasis>
|
||
) relatively broad, expanded apically, with brown, heavily sclerotised semicircular baso-ventral process, with 3 large teeth-like serrations on posterior margin; distiphallus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA714FAFA547B403E" box="[296,324,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">dp</emphasis>
|
||
) long, scimitar-like (viewed laterally), membranous area broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFA2754F440F6" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA6FBFA2755E340D2" box="[199,220,1411,1434]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFC3FFBAA75BFA2754F840F6" collectionCode="PT" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA75BFA27544340D2" box="[359,380,1411,1434]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, except in the following respects: wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA593FA26510440D2" box="[943,1083,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA26CFA27516140D2" box="[1104,1118,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC3FFBAA29AFA2651F440D2" box="[1190,1227,1410,1434]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">PT</collectionCode>
|
||
); postabdomen as illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC3FFBAA716FA0254F840F6" box="[298,455,1446,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 306–321" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-220@100.[150,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 306–321. Examples of female postabdomen of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 306. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU), ventral. 307. Same, lateral. 308. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA), ventral. 309. Same, lateral. 310. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM), ventral. 311. Same, lateral. 312. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC), ventral. 313. Same, lateral. 314. C. litoralis sp. n. (PT, [Tanzania], Zanzibar, BMNH), ventral. 315. Same, lateral. 316. C. uncinatum sp. n. (N-T, Namibia, Regenstein 32, NMNW), ventral. 317. Same, lateral. 318. C. sakalava (N-T, Madagascar, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS), ventral. 319. Same, lateral. 320. C. balachowskyi (N-T, Madagascar, Ambovamy Belambo, TAU), ventral. 321. Same, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298981/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 308, 309</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBFA6F51684306" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBFA6F541040AA" box="[199,303,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. Freshly collected specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49892EA6FFC3FFBAA4FCFA6E57CA40AA" box="[704,757,1482,1506]" country="Nepal" name="Kosi" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kosi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49892EA6FFC3FFBAA4C1FA6F561540AB" box="[765,810,1483,1507]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
have the markings on the frons darker than the HT and the wing is also more darkly infuscate. The male terminalia are identical however. There is some variation in the number and size of teeth-like serrations on the posterior margin of the baso-ventral process of the phallus, other characters are consistent, however, and this is regarded as intraspecific variation only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBF9FF577F424A" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBF9FF5482433B" box="[199,445,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA7F1F9FF579C433A" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[461,675,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA7F1F9FF579C433A" box="[461,675,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Curtonotum tsacas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC3FFBAA491F9FF57D4433A" box="[685,747,1627,1650]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is probably most closely-related to a group of three species having the basiphallus relatively broad and expanded apically and the membranous area of the distiphallus broad (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA69CF90755D843F2" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[160,231,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sao">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA69CF907558C43F3" box="[160,179,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FCF90755D843F2" box="[192,231,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">sao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6C9F907543743F3" box="[245,264,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA729F907540143F3" box="[277,318,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">hay</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA789F90757BF43F3" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[437,640,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campsiphallum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA789F90754F743F3" box="[437,456,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA7E9F90757BF43F3" box="[469,640,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">campsiphallum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is most closely related to the last two named species, both of which share the short plate-like baso-ventral process with a series of teeth-like serrations on the posterior margin. They are separable by use of the above key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC3FFBAA6FBF8AB50A34292" blockId="92.[151,1436,258,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA6FBF8AB54E2426E" box="[199,477,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC3FFBAA7D3F8AA57FB426E" box="[495,708,1806,1830]" name="South Africa" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFC3FFBAA4EFF8AA560A426E" box="[723,821,1806,1830]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA57DF8AB5669426E" box="[833,854,1807,1830]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC3FFBAA54FF8AA5176426E" box="[883,1097,1806,1830]" name="South Africa" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: KZ-Natal / Enseleni Nature Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFC3FFBAA73AF896545E4202" box="[262,353,1842,1867]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" precision="925" value="-28.683332">28°41'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFC3FFBAA751F89654F84202" box="[365,455,1842,1867]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" precision="925" value="32.05">32°03'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
masl / Date:
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC3FFBAA460F89657E44202" box="[604,731,1842,1866]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1980-07-26">26/07/1980</date>
|
||
/ Coll. R. Miller //
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFC3FFBAA58EF89651794202" box="[946,1094,1842,1866]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA270F897515E4202" box="[1100,1121,1843,1866]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA24BF89751C14203" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1143,1278,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA24BF89751C14203" box="[1143,1278,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Curtonotum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA328F89750654202" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1300,1370,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA328F89750654202" box="[1300,1370,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">tsacas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC3FFBAA35CF89750A34202" box="[1376,1436,1843,1866]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ A.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC9DB5FFC3FFBAA6DBF8F254864226" author="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H." box="[231,441,1878,1902]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="392 - 456" refId="ref105551" refString="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. (2011) A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species. African Invertebrates, 52, 392 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 052.0212" type="journal article" year="2011">Kirk-Spriggs 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[printed; red card]” (NMSA). In good condition; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFC3FFBAA403F8DF579342DB" box="[575,684,1915,1939]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(all labelled: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFC3FFBAA56EF8DE56DF42DA" box="[850,992,1914,1938]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA5D5F8DF56C142DA" box="[1001,1022,1915,1938]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
[or
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA212F8DF517C42DA" box="[1070,1091,1915,1938]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
] /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA25FF8DF51D542DB" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1123,1258,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA25FF8DF51D542DB" box="[1123,1258,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Curtonotum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC3FFBAA33EF8DF507742DA" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1282,1352,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC3FFBAA33EF8DF507742DA" box="[1282,1352,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">tsacas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC3FFBAA36CF8DF50B342DA" box="[1360,1420,1915,1938]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ A.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC9DB5FFC3FFBAA6E8F83A549C42FE" author="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H." box="[212,419,1950,1974]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="392 - 456" refId="ref105551" refString="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. (2011) A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species. African Invertebrates, 52, 392 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 052.0212" type="journal article" year="2011">Kirk-Spriggs 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[printed; blue card]”):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC3FFBAA499F83A561542FE" box="[677,810,1950,1974]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ETHIOPIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA509F83A566842FE" box="[821,855,1950,1974]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “ETHOPIA: GAMO / GOFA, Arba Minch / Springs,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC3FFBAA6ABF86655DB4292" box="[151,228,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC3FFBAA6C1F86654634292" box="[253,348,1986,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="2000-02-05">5.ii.2000</date>
|
||
.I.YAROM / & A. FREIDBERG” (TAU).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC3FFBAA57CF866569C4292" box="[832,931,1986,2010]" name="Kenya" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">KENYA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC3FFBAA593F86656ED4292" box="[943,978,1986,2010]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC3FFBAA5D7F86651724292" box="[1003,1101,1986,2010]" name="Kenya" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">KENYA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(N.W.) / Kainuk, on / Morun
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6ABFF3357BE44E4" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFC2FFBBA6ABFF3354A045E7" box="[151,415,151,175]" collectingDate="1989-11-25" collectionCode="A" location="River" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA6ABFF3355EA45E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E45152FFC3FFBBA6ABFF3356A547CC:8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA6ABFF3355EA45E7" box="[151,213,151,175]" name="River" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">River</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC2FFBBA6D3FF33545145E7" box="[239,366,151,175]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1989-11-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFC2FFBBA6D3FF33545145E7" box="[239,366,151,175]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1989-11-25">25.XI.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA7BBFF3354A045E7" box="[391,415,151,175]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFC2FFBBA790FF33574244E4" collectingDate="1959-02-04" collectingDateMax="2010-12-15" collectingDateMin="1959-02-04" collectionCode="TAU, A, PPRI, NMSA, BMSA" collectorName="C. van Bruggen. & H. Kirk-Spriggs" country="Mozambique" county="East Africa." latitude="-26.964445" location="Kosi" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="32.814167" municipality="Amatongas Forest" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">
|
||
FREIDBERG / & FINI KAPLAN” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA573FF3356B245E7" box="[847,909,151,175]" country="Israel" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ze71-842p" name="Tel-Aviv University" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">TAU</collectionCode>
|
||
). [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA59BFF33514D45E7" box="[935,1138,151,175]" name="Mozambique" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA2B9FF33519745E7" box="[1157,1192,151,175]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, “Port.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="629398C8FFC2FFBBA33FFF3C50B345E7" box="[1283,1420,151,175]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">East Africa.</collectingCounty>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B967A3EFFC2FFBBA6ABFF185455459B" box="[151,362,188,212]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Amatongas Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
. / Near Gondola. /
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC2FFBBA475FF185790459C" box="[585,687,188,212]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1959-02-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFC2FFBBA475FF185790459C" box="[585,687,188,212]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1959-02-04">4.II.1959</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA4F6FF1857DD459C" box="[714,738,188,212]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B88592FFC2FFBBA4DAFF18569B459C" box="[742,932,188,212]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">C. van Bruggen.</collectorName>
|
||
” [head missing] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA24CFF18518E459C" box="[1136,1201,188,212]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6j3y-rabv" name="ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, National Collection of Fungi: Culture Collection" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">PPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA2FBFF1850A7459C" box="[1223,1432,188,212]" name="South Africa" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA6ABFF7B558545BF" box="[151,186,223,247]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “DUKUDUKU BETWEEN / ST LUCIA & MATUBATUBA / ZULULAND, S. AFRICA / B. & P. STUCKENBERG /
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC2FFBBA747FEA057054454" box="[379,570,260,284]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1960-04-07" valueMax="1960-04-08" valueMin="1960-04-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFC2FFBBA747FEA057054454" box="[379,570,260,284]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1960-04-07" valueMax="1960-04-08" valueMin="1960-04-07">7-8 APRIL 1960</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC2FFBBA466FEA056224454" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[602,797,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">CURTONOTUM</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ n. sp.? aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA581FEA156D34454" box="[957,1004,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">cam</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA238FEA051484454" box="[1028,1143,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">psiphallus</emphasis>
|
||
n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1976 [printed & handwritten]” [head missing] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA486FE83562E4477" box="[698,785,295,319]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA51BFE8356754477" box="[807,842,295,319]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA567FE8356414477" box="[859,894,295,319]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, “RSA:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49892EA6FFC2FFBBA5DFFE8351A94477" box="[995,1174,295,319]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA29FFE8351E74477" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E45152FFC3FFBBA6ABFF3356A547CC:8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA29FFE8351E74477" box="[1187,1240,295,319]" country="Mozambique" county="East Africa." latitude="-26.964445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="32.814167" municipality="Amatongas Forest" name="Kosi" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Kosi</location>
|
||
/ Bay Nat. Res., picnic area /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFC2FFBBA704FEE85485442C" box="[312,442,332,356]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-26.964445">26°57'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFC2FFBBA7F0FEE85771442B" box="[460,590,332,356]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="15" seconds="51" value="32.814167">32°48'51"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFC2FFBBA453FEE857CE442C" box="[623,753,332,356]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2010-12-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFC2FFBBA453FEE857CE442C" box="[623,753,332,356]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2010-12-15">15.xii.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 6 m /
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA568FEE85653442C" box="[852,876,332,356]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B88592FFC2FFBBA54CFEE85115442C" box="[880,1066,332,356]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">H. Kirk-Spriggs</collectorName>
|
||
// Sweeping / dune forest & / woodland” [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA71AFECB547544CF" box="[294,330,367,391]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled “//
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA7D8FECB570A44CF" box="[484,565,367,391]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(DNA)#0064” and “//
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA503FECB56AE44CF" box="[831,913,367,391]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(DNA)#0065”; labelled “//
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA2EDFECB501D44CF" box="[1233,1314,367,391]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(D)29847– 29850;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA6D7FE30540244E4" box="[235,317,404,428]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(D)30210–30211”] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA423FE30574B44E4" box="[543,628,404,428]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6FBFE1C54C244BC" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6FBFE1C546F4498" box="[199,336,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA75CFE1354FD4487" box="[352,450,439,463]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA7F2FE1C57254498" box="[462,538,440,464]" name="Kenya" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA414FE1357844487" box="[552,699,439,463]" name="Mozambique" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA4C9FE1356B84487" box="[757,903,439,463]" name="South Africa" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA5A4FE1356C14487" box="[920,1022,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 328" captionStartId="122.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-130@122.[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 328. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298995/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 328</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA230FE1351054487" box="[1036,1082,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 329" captionStartId="125.[151,250,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-145@125.[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURE 329. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Major Habitat Types: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298997/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">329</figureCitation>
|
||
). Exhibits a typical Rift Valley distribution pattern (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6FBFDA456A547CC" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6FBFDA4547A475F" box="[199,325,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFC2FFBBA772FE5B56A947CC" collectionCode="III" country="South Africa" location="In" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Occurring in 5 major habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFC2FFBBA49FFDA457DE4750" box="[675,737,512,536]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">types</typeStatus>
|
||
; predominantly in Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, with records from Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands and Mangroves (Appendix
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC2FFBBA72AFDE354094717" box="[278,310,583,607]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">III</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA777FDEC545D4717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E45152FFC3FFBBA6ABFF3356A547CC:8E92B69FFFC2FFBBA777FDEC545D4717" box="[331,354,584,607]" country="South Africa" name="In" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">In</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFC2FFBBA756FDE354C44717" box="[362,507,583,607]" name="South Africa" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
the species occurs in closed-canopy coastal dune forest and woodland and appear to shelter in natural hollows in the forest floor during daylight hours
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |