704 lines
79 KiB
XML
704 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="403887F179CAC6A7EDA7FDD7C8F06F1A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b0db3fd-d54b-432b-a661-408f1ac32abc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245230" ID-ZooBank="4E6E002C-309C-47EB-964C-BF5A06FEC62E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461209209336" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Landim, Maria Isabel, Moreira, Cristiano R. & Figueiredo, Carlos A." docDate="2015" docId="03C987AF3D73FF960DBF18B8FDDCFD5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03973p380.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3973 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Retroculus acherontos Landim, Moreira & Figueiredo, 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFF0FFD73D71FF9F0D281E29FFC9FFD0" masterDocTitle="Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin" masterLastPageNumber="380" masterPageNumber="369" pageNumber="371" updateTime="1698601664754" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="7C0B5FF665C8A7B3210D147783EB8CB4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="474CBCD309B28C90166A016EA896BB43">Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4DD09BD431B0A4DA1063F2BFC8C90FBF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="778CE7A4918219AAC88FDC013DD08DA4">Landim, Maria Isabel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="76DE9AE6899CC7F7912166BF240D9F35">Moreira, Cristiano R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22EED6D984F7F7705730BC2CAFABEF7C">Figueiredo, Carlos A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="97421F83663E51BC48766E523A3E2F2F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C15713001CC8BD31C882DB83500E480">
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<mods:date id="E8C52C9AA08EDF57DBB2F84647CDC148">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0F43C132BA35F7C0FE26EFDA4F4BC908" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="215E2E92290A93DFA61D34BE056C330E">3973</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7D8B33EBEA63D6BF1F1987A1EA4C9D8A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C3A1CDF9BEF5FC84D3AEAC419250F740" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.10</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987AF3D73FF960DBF18B8FDDCFD5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119630163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987AF3D73FF960DBF18B8FDDCFD5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987AF3D73FF960DBF18B8FDDCFD5A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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<subSubSection id="C37A65323D73FF9D0DBF18B8FCF4F8C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D73FF9D0DBF18B8FD84F97C" blockId="2.[151,589,1681,1741]" box="[151,589,1681,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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<heading id="D09781D53D73FF9D0DBF18B8FD84F97C" bold="true" box="[151,589,1681,1708]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0DBF18B8FD84F97C" bold="true" box="[151,589,1681,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D73FF9D0DBF18B8FE6EF97B" box="[151,423,1681,1707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0DBF18B8FE6EF97B" bold="true" box="[151,423,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757D03D73FF9D0C9E18BBFD81F97C" box="[438,584,1682,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D73FF9D0DBF189DFEA0F91D" blockId="2.[151,589,1681,1741]" box="[151,361,1716,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D73FF9D0DB6189DFEC9F91D" box="[158,256,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,481,1591]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Retroculus acherontos: (A) holotype, MZUSP 85824, 124.9 mm SL, and (B) paratype MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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; Table 1)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D73FF9D0DBF18D4FCF4F8C3" blockId="2.[151,829,1789,1811]" box="[151,829,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011973D73FF9D0DBF18D4FCF4F8C3" box="[151,829,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D73FF9D0DBF18D4FECDF8C3" ID-CoL="77X2" box="[151,260,1789,1811]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0DBF18D4FECDF8C3" box="[151,260,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Retroculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. 1
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110A83D73FF9D0C6818D4FD8BF8C3" author="Bartolette" box="[320,578,1789,1811]" page="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" year="2012">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B483D73FF9D0C6818D4FDE9F8C3" author="Bartolette" box="[320,544,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" refString="Bartolette, R., Souza-Lima, R., Figueiredo, C. A., Moraes, D. F. & Caramaschi, E. P. (2012) Composicao taxonomica da ictiofauna da area da UHE Serra da Mesa. In: Mazzoni, R., Caramaschi, E. P. & Iglesias-Rios, R .. (Org.). Usina Hidreletrica de Serra da Mesa - 15 anos de estudos da ictiofauna do Alto Tocantins. Furnas Centrais Eletricas S. A, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 53 - 90." type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Bartolette
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0C8218D7FE2AF8C3" box="[426,483,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 66
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[listing—DEPRJ 2332].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A65323D73FF9C0DBF1916FC79FC17" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D73FF9D0DBF1916FB16F8AB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1855,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0DBF1916FEC2F888" bold="true" box="[151,267,1855,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D73FF9D0DBF1916FECFF888" box="[151,262,1855,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D0C321969FEBEF888" box="[282,375,1856,1880]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85824, 1, 124.9 mm
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||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D0F471969FD5BF888" box="[623,658,1856,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37776293D73FF9D0F881916FD2EF888" box="[672,743,1855,1880]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
, Goiás, Rio Tocantins basin, Rio das Almas, tributary of left margin of Rio Maranhão, 14˚37′51.2″S, 49˚1′56.6″W,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D73FF9D0FDF194DFC11F8AC" box="[759,984,1892,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" value="1997-08-12" valueMax="1997-08-13" valueMin="1997-08-12">12–13 August 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D098F194CFB11F8AC" box="[1191,1240,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D73FF9D0DEF19AEFA54F837" blockId="2.[151,1437,1855,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D73FF9D0DEF19AEFE8FF870" bold="true" box="[199,326,1927,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D73FF9D0DEF19AEFE88F870" box="[199,321,1927,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
All localities in
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||
<collectingCountry id="F37776293D73FF9D0F2619AEFD9CF870" box="[526,597,1927,1952]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Estado de Goiás, Rio Tocantins basin.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D090119A1FB4FF870" box="[1065,1158,1928,1952]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85823, 112.53 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D085C19A1FA5EF870" box="[1396,1431,1928,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D73FF9D0DD31982FEA9F814" box="[251,352,1963,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D0C461985FE0DF814" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[366,452,1964,1988]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">AMNH</collectionCode>
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||
233644, 4, 113.7–158.6 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D0E321985FCF7F814" box="[794,830,1964,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D0E641985FC60F814" box="[844,937,1964,1988]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85825, 4 (2 CS) 107.3–168.7 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D73FF9D086B1985FAAFF814" box="[1347,1382,1964,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Maranhão, below rapids of Cachoeira do Machadinho, 14˚38′18″S, 48˚59′03.3″W,
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||
<date id="FFDE10793D73FF9D095A19E6FA98F838" box="[1138,1361,1999,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" value="1997-08-05" valueMax="1997-08-19" valueMin="1997-08-05">5–19 August 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D72FF9C0DBF1EBEFC79FC17" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and J. K. Brondi;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0FB31EB1FD2FFF7F" box="[667,742,152,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
26352 5, 118.7–151.3 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C090E1EB1FB83FF60" box="[1062,1098,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09701EB1FB7CFF60" box="[1112,1205,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85826, 4, 66.3–
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C085B1EBEFF0FFF04" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="194.0">194 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0DFB1E94FEDAFF04" box="[211,275,189,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
50260, 4, 131.6–
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C0CF71E95FDF4FF04" box="[479,573,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="136.0">136 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0F6E1E95FDA0FF04" box="[582,617,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Maranhão, rapids below Cachoeira do Machadinho, 14˚38′18.3″S, 48˚59′03.3″W, 0
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0C791EC9FDCDFF28" box="[337,516,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1995-10-09">9 October 1995</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and D. A. Halboth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C094C1EC9FB08FF28" box="[1124,1217,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85827,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C08081EC9FAE7FF28" box="[1312,1326,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1.13">1</quantity>
|
||
, 130 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0DBF1F2DFF73FECC" box="[151,186,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, female, Rio Maranhão, rapids below Cachoeira do Machadinho, 14˚38′18.3″S, 48˚59′03.3″W,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C09C21F2DFF1BFE90" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1997-02-15" valueMax="1997-02-16" valueMin="1997-02-15">15–16 February 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and J. K. Brondi;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E1E1F01FC5AFE90" box="[822,915,296,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85828, 1, 183.5 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09B01F01FB72FE90" box="[1176,1211,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, male, Rio Traíras, between 14˚06′15.7″S, 48˚29′27.8″W and 14˚12′00.2″S, 48˚32′09.8″W, 4–
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0ED51F65FBC3FEB5" box="[1021,1034,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">5</date>
|
||
October, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and A. Suppa;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0CB51F59FE33FE58" box="[413,506,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85830, 1, 136.8 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0FD81F59FCDAFE58" box="[752,787,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Traíras,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0E871F46FB7AFE58" box="[943,1203,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1997-12-06" valueMax="1997-12-07" valueMin="1997-12-06">06–07 December 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C08A01F58FF64FE7D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0DEC1FBDFEE8FE7C" box="[196,289,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85829, 2, 110.2 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0F3E1FBDFDF0FE7C" box="[534,569,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, male, and 121.1 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E1F1FBDFC93FE7C" box="[823,858,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, female, Rio das Almas, tributary of left margin of Rio Maranhão, 14˚37′51.2″S, 49˚1′56.6″W,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0FAD1F91FCA6FE00" box="[645,879,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1997-10-07" valueMax="1997-10-08" valueMin="1997-10-07">07–08 October 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C09681F90FBBBFE00" box="[1088,1138,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09AF1F91FB2DFE00" box="[1159,1252,440,464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85831, 1, 167.6 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0DF81FF5FF3AFE24" box="[208,243,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, female,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37776293D72FF9C0C4F1FF5FE67FE25" box="[359,430,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Goiás, Rio Tocantins basin, Rio Traíras, between 14˚06′15.7″S, 48˚29′27.8″W and 14˚12′00.2″S, 48˚32′09.8″W, 0
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0CDF1C29FD66FDC8" box="[503,687,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1997-10-04">4 October 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and C. A. Figueiredo;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C08171C29FA55FDC8" box="[1343,1436,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85832, 2, 154.2 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0CBF1C0DFE71FDEC" box="[407,440,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
and 187.2 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0F571C0DFD6BFDEC" box="[639,674,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, male, Rio Maranhão, near old bridge between the Uruaçú and Niquelândia towns, between 14˚32′08.4″S, 49˚01′46.8″W and 14˚31′20.1″S, 49˚02′07.3″W, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes and D. A. Halboth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0CE71C45FDE5FD54" box="[463,556,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85833,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C0FA01C45FD5FFD54" box="[648,662,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.116" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1.116">1</quantity>
|
||
, 116 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E2E1C45FCE0FD54" box="[774,809,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, female, Rio Traíras,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C09331C45FB65FD55" box="[1051,1196,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1996-07-20">20 July 1996</date>
|
||
by, E. P Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes, D. A. Halboth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0F291CB9FD97FD78" box="[513,606,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85834, 1, 137.3 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E4E1CB9FC40FD78" box="[870,905,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, left margin of Serra da Mesa reservoir, Rio Palmerinha arm, Porto Serrinha station, 14˚02′57.9″S, 048˚29′57.1″W and 14˚02′22.1″S, 048˚31′28.6″W, 0
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C08A71C9DFEFBFD20" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1996-10-08">8 October 1996</date>
|
||
, D. F. Moraes and D. A. Halboth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0F871CF1FCC5FD20" box="[687,780,728,752]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85835, 3, 100.7 –141.3 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09651CF1FBB9FD20" box="[1101,1136,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Traíras,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C082E1CF1FF1BFCC4" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1997-12-10">10 December 1997</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0C891CD4FE1BFCC5" box="[417,466,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0CC01CD5FD8CFCC4" box="[488,581,764,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85836, 5, 63.3–185.7 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E5B1CD5FC5FFCC4" box="[883,918,764,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio das Almas, tributary of the left margin of Rio Maranhão, 14˚37′51.2″S, 49˚1′56.6″W, 0
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0FBE1D09FC81FCE8" box="[662,840,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1996-10-08">8 October 1996</date>
|
||
, E. C. Caramaschi
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C09091D08FB9AFCE8" box="[1057,1107,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09421D09FB0EFCE8" box="[1130,1223,800,824]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85837, 1, CS,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C085A1D36FF0AFC8C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="151.0">151 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0DE11D6DFF25FC8C" box="[201,236,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, male, Rio Maranhão, near bridge between Uruaçú and Niquelândia,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0EDE1D6DFB46FC8D" box="[1014,1167,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1996-06-20">20 June 1996</date>
|
||
, E. P. Caramaschi, D. F. Moraes, D. A. Halboth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0C871D41FDC5FC50" box="[431,524,872,896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
85838, 2 (1 CS).
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C0FF61D4EFCFDFC50" box="[734,820,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="135.0">135mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0E151D41FCA9FC50" box="[829,864,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, male and 162.8 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C09731D41FBB7FC50" box="[1115,1150,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Maranhão, between 14˚40′22.8″S, 48˚54′40.2″W and 14˚40′30.5″S, 48˚54′59.7″W;
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0E431DA5FBDEFC75" box="[875,1047,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="2013-10-13">13–13 October</date>
|
||
, 1998, R. Iglesias
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C09DA1DA4FAECFC75" box="[1266,1317,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C08161DA5FA52FC74" box="[1342,1435,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B5C3D72FF9C0DBF1D86FE81FC17" box="[151,328,943,968]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.583912999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="85839.13">85839, 130 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE7C3D72FF9C0C661D99FEB8FC18" box="[334,369,944,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
, Rio Passa Três,
|
||
<date id="FFDE10793D72FF9C0F181D99FD39FC18" box="[560,752,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" value="1998-10-14">14 October 1998</date>
|
||
, R. Iglesias
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0E501D98FC60FC18" box="[888,937,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D72FF9C0DBF1BADFC14FA07" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245232/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[151,1436,1021,1390]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D72FF9C0DBF1BADFC14FA07" blockId="3.[151,1436,1412,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0DBF1BADFEDFFA49" bold="true" box="[151,278,1412,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Vomero-Palatine apparatus of (A)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0FB81BADFCB7FA4A" box="[656,894,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D72FF9C0FB81BADFCB3FA4A" box="[656,890,1412,1434]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">Retroculus acherontos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL, (B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C08221BACFA55FA4A" box="[1290,1436,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D72FF9C08221BACFA51FA4A" box="[1290,1432,1413,1434]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xinguensis">R. xinguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 40682, 78.2 mm SL, and (C)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0F321B8DFD1AFA69" box="[538,723,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D72FF9C0F321B8DFD06FA69" box="[538,719,1443,1465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">R. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, MZUSP 38947, 106.2 mm SL. Ventral view, anterior to top. Arrows indicate the lateral depressions. V indicate the ventral projection of vomer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D72FF9C0DBF19B0FE98F81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245233/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[306,1281,1545,1923]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D72FF9C0DBF19B0FE98F81E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1945,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0DBF19B0FEDDF87E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1945,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lachrymals and tubular infraorbitals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D72FF9C0FE819B0FC6FF87F" box="[704,934,1945,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D72FF9C0FE819B0FC6FF87F" box="[704,934,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to right. Scale bar = 3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D75FF9B0DBF1CBEFCBFFD1B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245234/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[294,1292,193,640]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D75FF9B0DBF1CBEFCBFFD1B" blockId="4.[151,1436,663,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D75FF9B0DBF1CBEFEDCFD7C" bold="true" box="[151,277,663,685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
First hypobranchial of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D75FF9B0F121CBEFCD6FD7D" box="[570,799,663,685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D75FF9B0F121CBEFCD6FD7D" box="[570,799,663,685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MZUSP 85838, and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D75FF9B091C1CB1FB20FD7D" box="[1076,1257,663,685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D75FF9B091C1CB1FB20FD7D" box="[1076,1257,663,685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">R. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MZUSP 38947, paratype. Dorsal view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D75FF9B0DBF1942FA84F851" box="[151,1357,1899,1921]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245235/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[606,969,785,1851]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D75FF9B0DBF1942FA84F851" blockId="4.[151,1357,1899,1921]" box="[151,1357,1899,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D75FF9B0DBF1942FEDBF850" bold="true" box="[151,274,1899,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Supracleithrum of
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D75FF9B0CFE1942FD09F851" box="[470,704,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D75FF9B0CFE1942FD72F851" box="[470,699,1899,1921]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">Retroculus acherontos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D74FF9A0DBF1B97FC2FFA23" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1448]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D74FF9A0DBF1B97FC2FFA23" blockId="5.[151,1436,1470,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DBF1B97FEDDFA03" bold="true" box="[151,276,1470,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Epibranchial lobe on the first branchial arch of (A)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0E681B97FBD1FA04" box="[832,1048,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0E681B97FBDDFA04" box="[832,1044,1470,1492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altifrons">Geophagus altifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 8547, 148 mm SL, and (B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DBF1BF4FE49FA23" box="[151,384,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0DBF1BF4FEB5FA23" box="[151,380,1501,1523]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">Retroculus acherontos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL. Lateral view, anterior to left.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A65323D74FF9A0DEF1836FAD9F838" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D74FF9A0DEF1836FAD9F838" blockId="5.[151,1437,1567,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DEF1836FE88F9E8" bold="true" box="[199,321,1567,1592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from all congeners by the presence of the following exclusive characters: a nuchal hump in specimens of both sexes longer than 121.4 mm of SL (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0E56186CFC54F98C" box="[894,925,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
hump absent); a black blotch in the median portion of the first to seventh dorsal-fin soft rays (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0FC81841FD37F9AF" box="[736,766,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
blotch situated near their base); 33–37 longitudinal series scales (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DC518A4FECDF974" box="[237,260,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. more than 38); 15–16 pectoral-fin rays (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0FC418A4FCCAF974" box="[748,771,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 17–18); chest scales not distinctively smaller than flank scales and with posterior margin free from skin (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0FDE1899FCC4F917" box="[758,781,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. scales much smaller and embedded); fourth vertebra hypapophysis elongated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0C9718FCFE1FF93C" box="[447,470,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. hypapophysis not elongated;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D74FF9A0E1718FAFC4FF93C" box="[831,902,1747,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,249,768,790]" captionTargetBox="[273,1313,193,746]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[273,1313,193,747]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Radiograph of (A) Retroculus acherontos holotype, MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL, and (B) Retroculus lapidifer, MZUSP 40682, 138.5 mm SL. Arrows indicate the hypapophyses. Lateral view, anterior to left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245238/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by a deeper first epibranchial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A086C18FCFA92F93C" box="[1348,1371,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. first epibranchial shallower;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D74FF9A0C9818DEFE3FF8C0" box="[432,502,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[372,1201,210,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[365,1229,195,1536]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. First epibranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, (B) R. s eptentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype, and (C) Satanoperca lilith, MZUSP 8503. Ventral view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245231/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0F3D18DEFCDCF8C0" box="[533,789,1783,1808]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0F3D18DEFCDCF8C0" box="[533,789,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A099418D1FA8BF8C0" box="[1212,1346,1783,1808]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A099418D1FB04F8DF" box="[1212,1229,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A09C918DEFA8BF8C0" box="[1249,1346,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">lapidifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A08AC18D1FEF4F8E4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A08AC18D1FA5CF8DF" box="[1412,1429,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DBF1932FEF4F8E4" box="[151,317,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of gill rakers on the fifth ceratobranchial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0EE81934FC1EF8E4" box="[960,983,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. present); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A09A21934FA87F8E4" box="[1162,1358,1819,1844]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A09A21934FB52F8E4" box="[1162,1179,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A09801932FA87F8E4" box="[1192,1358,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A08AC1934FEC4F887" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xinguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A08AC1934FA5CF8E4" box="[1412,1429,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DBF1969FEC4F887" box="[151,269,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">xinguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of faint, slender, dark bars on the caudal fin (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0EF51969FC3DF887" box="[989,1012,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. larger conspicuous bars) and by the presence of anterior regular series of papillae on the vomero-palatine apparatus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0910194CFB86F8AC" box="[1080,1103,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. anterior series irregular and occasionally forming a second series in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0F7419A1FD3BF84F" box="[604,754,1928,1951]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xinguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0F7419A1FD3BF84F" box="[604,754,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R. xinguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or anterior series absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A091B19A1FACBF870" box="[1075,1282,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A091B19A1FB35F870" box="[1075,1276,1927,1952]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">R. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D74FF9A082219AEFA86F870" box="[1290,1359,1927,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1021,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vomero-Palatine apparatus of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL, (B) R. xinguensis, MZUSP 40682, 78.2 mm SL, and (C) R. septentrionalis, paratype, MZUSP 38947, 106.2 mm SL. Ventral view, anterior to top. Arrows indicate the lateral depressions. V indicate the ventral projection of vomer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0DBF1984FE92F814" box="[151,347,1963,1988]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0DBF1984FF61F814" box="[151,168,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0D9D1982FE92F814" box="[181,347,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of a less pronounced spiny process on the first hypobranchial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A09871984FB0FF814" box="[1199,1222,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. pronounced spiny process;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D74FF9A0DD219E6FEF4F838" box="[250,317,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,249,663,685]" captionTargetBox="[294,1292,193,640]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1292,193,641]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. First hypobranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, and (B) R. septentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype. Dorsal view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245234/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0C9719F8FDF6F838" box="[447,575,1999,2024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0C9719F8FE19F838" box="[447,464,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0CF619E6FDF6F838" box="[478,575,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">lapidifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D74FF9A0F5D19F8FCC3F838" box="[629,778,2000,2024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xinguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0F5D19F8FD4FF838" box="[629,646,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A0FBC19F8FCC3F838" box="[660,778,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">xinguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a lower vertebral count 31–32 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D74FF9A09BC19F8FB62F838" box="[1172,1195,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="374">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 33–34).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A65323D77FF970DEF1EBEFBE2F85E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D77FF990DEF1EBEFB42FE58" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D77FF990DEF1EBEFE90FF60" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D77FF990F411EBEFD02FF60" box="[617,715,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D77FF990E2C1EB1FCA6FF60" box="[772,879,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are given in Table 1. Body laterally compressed. Dorsal profile straight, posterodorsally inclined, from tip of upper lip to vertical through middle of eye. Specimens smaller than 121.4 mm SL with profile convex from above eyes to anterior terminus of dorsal fin. Nuchal hump present in larger individuals. Profile in all individuals slightly convex from first dorsal-fin spine to last dorsal-fin ray. Caudal peduncle gently concave dorsally. Ventral profile gently convex from mouth to first anal-fin ray. Analfin base straight, posterodorsally inclined. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle almost straight or slightly concave. Branchiostegal membrane united to isthmus, reaching beyond posterior margin of opercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D77FF990DBF1F91FABAFE1F" blockId="6.[151,1395,439,463]" box="[151,1395,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D77FF990DBF1F91FEC3FE1F" bold="true" box="[151,266,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
MORPHOMETRIC DATA OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D77FF990F041F9EFCD3FE1F" box="[556,794,439,463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D77FF990F041F9EFCD3FE1F" box="[556,794,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757D03D77FF990E001F91FC65FE1F" box="[808,940,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Data based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D77FF99097B1F91FB79FE1F" box="[1107,1200,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 43
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB881B3D77FF99082E1F91FAB9FE1F" box="[1286,1392,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D77FF990FA11FC3FAF3F9E3" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<table id="F960C4193D7700600DB71FC3FAF3F9E3" box="[159,1338,490,1587]" gridcols="4" gridrows="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71FC3FAF3FDD0" box="[159,1338,490,512]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600FA11FC3FC60FDD0" box="[649,937,490,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Holotype Range</th>
|
||
<th id="76815D873D77006009741FC3FB5FFDD0" box="[1116,1174,490,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76815D873D77006008081FC3FAF3FDD0" box="[1312,1338,490,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">N</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71C3DFAF3FDFA" box="[159,1338,532,554]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71C3DFE02FDFA" box="[159,459,532,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Standard length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11C3DFC60FDFA" box="[649,937,532,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">112.5 65.8–194.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741C3DFB5FFDFA" box="[1116,1174,532,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">135.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081C3DFAF3FDFA" box="[1312,1338,532,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71C14FAF3FD83" box="[159,1338,573,595]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71C14FE02FD83" box="[159,459,573,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Head length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11C14FC60FD83" box="[649,937,573,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">37.9 22.5–69.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741C14FB5FFD83" box="[1116,1174,573,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">46.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081C14FAF3FD83" box="[1312,1338,573,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71CB9FAF3FD76" box="[159,1338,656,678]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71CB9FE02FD76" box="[159,459,656,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Percentage of standard length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71C90FAF3FD1F" box="[159,1338,697,719]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71C90FE02FD1F" box="[159,459,697,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11C90FC60FD1F" box="[649,937,697,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">33.7 32.4–37.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741C90FB5FFD1F" box="[1116,1174,697,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">34.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081C90FAF3FD1F" box="[1312,1338,697,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71CCBFAF3FD28" box="[159,1338,738,760]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71CCBFE02FD28" box="[159,459,738,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Caudal peduncle length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11CCBFC60FD28" box="[649,937,738,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">14.2 8.0–15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741CCBFB5FFD28" box="[1116,1174,738,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081CCBFAF3FD28" box="[1312,1338,738,760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71D25FAF3FCF2" box="[159,1338,780,802]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71D25FE02FCF2" box="[159,459,780,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11D25FC60FCF2" box="[649,937,780,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">39.7 35.6–45.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741D25FB5FFCF2" box="[1116,1174,780,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">39.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081D25FAF3FCF2" box="[1312,1338,780,802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71D1CFAF3FC9B" box="[159,1338,821,843]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71D1CFE02FC9B" box="[159,459,821,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Head depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11D1CFC60FC9B" box="[649,937,821,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">32.1 24.3–36.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741D1CFB5FFC9B" box="[1116,1174,821,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">29.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081D1CFAF3FC9B" box="[1312,1338,821,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71D77FAF3FCA4" box="[159,1338,862,884]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71D77FE02FCA4" box="[159,459,862,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11D77FC60FCA4" box="[649,937,862,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">15.2 13.8–17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741D77FB5FFCA4" box="[1116,1174,862,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">15.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081D77FAF3FCA4" box="[1312,1338,862,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71DA1FAF3FC4E" box="[159,1338,904,926]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71DA1FE02FC4E" box="[159,459,904,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Dorsal fin base length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11DA1FC60FC4E" box="[649,937,904,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">54.6 50.4–58.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741DA1FB5FFC4E" box="[1116,1174,904,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">54.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081DA1FAF3FC4E" box="[1312,1338,904,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71D98FAF3FC17" box="[159,1338,945,967]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71D98FE02FC17" box="[159,459,945,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Anal fin base length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11D98FC60FC17" box="[649,937,945,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">14.2 12.6–16.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741D98FB5FFC17" box="[1116,1174,945,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081D98FAF3FC17" box="[1312,1338,945,967]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71DF3FAF3FC20" box="[159,1338,986,1008]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71DF3FE02FC20" box="[159,459,986,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Last dorsal-fin spine</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11DF3FC60FC20" box="[649,937,986,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">11.5 9.1–15.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741DF3FB5FFC20" box="[1116,1174,986,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081DF3FAF3FC20" box="[1312,1338,986,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">42</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71A2DFAF3FBCA" box="[159,1338,1028,1050]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71A2DFE02FBCA" box="[159,459,1028,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Last anal-fin spine</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11A2DFC60FBCA" box="[649,937,1028,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">11.0 9.9–13.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741A2DFB5FFBCA" box="[1116,1174,1028,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081A2DFAF3FBCA" box="[1312,1338,1028,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71A04FAF3FB93" box="[159,1338,1069,1091]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71A04FE02FB93" box="[159,459,1069,1091]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Pectoral fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11A04FC60FB93" box="[649,937,1069,1091]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">24.1 20.4–26.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741A04FB5FFB93" box="[1116,1174,1069,1091]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">23.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081A04FAF3FB93" box="[1312,1338,1069,1091]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71A7FFAF3FBBC" box="[159,1338,1110,1132]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71A7FFE02FBBC" box="[159,459,1110,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Anal fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11A7FFC60FBBC" box="[649,937,1110,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">24.9 16.8–27.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741A7FFB5FFBBC" box="[1116,1174,1110,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">22.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081A7FFAF3FBBC" box="[1312,1338,1110,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71AA9FAF3FB46" box="[159,1338,1152,1174]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71AA9FE02FB46" box="[159,459,1152,1174]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Preanal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11AA9FC60FB46" box="[649,937,1152,1174]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">73.3 69.5–78.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741AA9FB5FFB46" box="[1116,1174,1152,1174]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">73.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081AA9FAF3FB46" box="[1312,1338,1152,1174]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71A80FAF3FB6F" box="[159,1338,1193,1215]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71A80FE02FB6F" box="[159,459,1193,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Predorsal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11A80FC60FB6F" box="[649,937,1193,1215]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">42.5 40.4–47.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741A80FB5FFB6F" box="[1116,1174,1193,1215]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">43.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081A80FAF3FB6F" box="[1312,1338,1193,1215]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71AD5FAF3FAC2" box="[159,1338,1276,1298]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71AD5FE02FAC2" box="[159,459,1276,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Percentage of head length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71B0CFAF3FAEB" box="[159,1338,1317,1339]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71B0CFE02FAEB" box="[159,459,1317,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Head width</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11B0CFC60FAEB" box="[649,937,1317,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">49.1 35.8–54.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741B0CFB5FFAEB" box="[1116,1174,1317,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">45.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081B0CFAF3FAEB" box="[1312,1338,1317,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71B67FAF3FAB4" box="[159,1338,1358,1380]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71B67FE02FAB4" box="[159,459,1358,1380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Orbit diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11B67FC60FAB4" box="[649,937,1358,1380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">23.9 18.9–29.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741B67FB5FFAB4" box="[1116,1174,1358,1380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081B67FAF3FAB4" box="[1312,1338,1358,1380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71B51FAF3FA5E" box="[159,1338,1400,1422]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71B51FE02FA5E" box="[159,459,1400,1422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11B51FC60FA5E" box="[649,937,1400,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">28.1 25.5–34.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741B51FB5FFA5E" box="[1116,1174,1400,1422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">29.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081B51FAF3FA5E" box="[1312,1338,1400,1422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71B88FAF3FA67" box="[159,1338,1441,1463]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71B88FE02FA67" box="[159,459,1441,1463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Postorbital length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11B88FC60FA67" box="[649,937,1441,1463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">36.8 30.3–39.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741B88FB5FFA67" box="[1116,1174,1441,1463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">35.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081B88FAF3FA67" box="[1312,1338,1441,1463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71BE3FAF3FA30" box="[159,1338,1482,1504]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71BE3FE02FA30" box="[159,459,1482,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Preorbital length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11BE3FC60FA30" box="[649,937,1482,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">34.2 27.3–37.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741BE3FB5FFA30" box="[1116,1174,1482,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">33.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081BE3FAF3FA30" box="[1312,1338,1482,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71BDDFAF3F9DA" box="[159,1338,1524,1546]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71BDDFE02F9DA" box="[159,459,1524,1546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11BDDFC60F9DA" box="[649,937,1524,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">50.6 42.7–57.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741BDDFB5FF9DA" box="[1116,1174,1524,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">52.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081BDDFAF3F9DA" box="[1312,1338,1524,1546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355034FB3D7700600DB71834FAF3F9E3" box="[159,1338,1565,1587]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<th id="76815D873D7700600DB71834FE02F9E3" box="[159,459,1565,1587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Upper jaw length</th>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D7700600FA11834FC60F9E3" box="[649,937,1565,1587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">38.7 34.0–44.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006009741834FB5FF9E3" box="[1116,1174,1565,1587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">39.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76815D873D77006008081834FAF3F9E3" box="[1312,1338,1565,1587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D77FF990DEF1850FD8BF895" blockId="6.[151,1437,1655,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D77FF990DEF1850FE52F940" box="[199,411,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Jaws and dentition</emphasis>
|
||
: Mouth terminal, jaws isognathous. Lip folds meeting without overlap at corner of mouth. Teeth conical, arranged in four or five irregular rows in upper jaw, and in two or three rows in lower jaw, larger in outer rows. Dentary with teeth restricted to anterior half. Edentulous posterior half forming ascending slender curve parallel with articular web of anguloarticular. Small gap present between coronoid process of dentary and primordial process of anguloarticular where dorsal dental-articular ligament attaches. Dentary with five foramina along laterosensory mandibular canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D77FF980DEF1966FD49FE90" blockId="6.[151,1437,1655,2005]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D77FF990DEF1966FEC6F8B8" box="[199,271,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Scales</emphasis>
|
||
: Transforming ctenoid scales. Horizontal scale series, 33*(5), 34 (11), 35(19), 36(5), 37(1). Upper lateral line series, 22(1), 24(3), 25*(10), 26(9), 27(9), 28(2), 23(6), 29(1). Lower lateral line series, 13(2), 14(10), 15(14), 16*(13), 17(1), 19(1), three scales in single caudal-fin lateral line. Transverse scale rows, 16*(1), 17(7), 18(23), 19(8), 20(3). Circumpeduncular scale rows, 19(1), 20(10), 21*(20), 22(8), 23(1). Dorsal fin scaled from base of last spine to middle of base of soft rays. Caudal fin scaled except for distal tip of rays. Scales larger on proximal one fourth of fin length. Base of anal fin scaled. Base of pectoral fin scaled. Opercle with three irregular vertical series of scales. Scales on cheek interrupted anteriorly at vertical through margin of eye, and ventrally above posterior tip of premaxillary dentigerous arm. Preopercle without scales. Chest scales only slightly smaller than flank scales and not embedded in skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D76FF980DEF1F64FDF3FE7C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D76FF980DEF1F64FF30FEB4" box="[199,249,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fins</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal fin XVI, 12(23), XVI, 13*(11), XV, 12(2), XV, 13(5), XV, 14(2), XIII, 13(1). Anal fin III, 7*(28), III, 8(16). Caudal fin truncate, principal rays 16. Pectoral-fin rays 15(7), 16(36). Dorsal-fin pterygiophores 27–28, and anal-fin pterygiophores eight (4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D76FF980DBF1864FF75F951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" targetBox="[151,1436,481,1590]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D76FF980DBF1864FF75F951" blockId="7.[151,1435,1612,1665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D76FF980DBF1864FEDAF9B2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1613,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D76FF980C321865FE34F9B2" box="[282,509,1612,1634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D76FF980C321865FE34F9B2" box="[282,509,1612,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) holotype, MZUSP 85824, 124.9 mm SL, and (B) paratype MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D76FF980DEF1881FA90F831" blockId="7.[151,1436,1704,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D76FF980DEF1881FD28F911" box="[199,737,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Orobranchial cavity, gill arches and gill rakers</emphasis>
|
||
: Vomero-Palatine apparatus on mouth roof as for genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D76FF9808471881FF6FF935" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1021,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vomero-Palatine apparatus of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85826, 161.3 mm SL, (B) R. xinguensis, MZUSP 40682, 78.2 mm SL, and (C) R. septentrionalis, paratype, MZUSP 38947, 106.2 mm SL. Ventral view, anterior to top. Arrows indicate the lateral depressions. V indicate the ventral projection of vomer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245232/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Orobranchial mucosa irregularly covered by papillae. First epibranchial gill rakers 10–11, elongate, without teeth. Gill rakers on first ceratobranchial 13, expanded laterally as flaps with several small projections and with conical and spatulate tooth on its most medial projection. Skin flaps on first ceratobranchial on the base of branchial filaments. Microbranchiospines absent. Slender basibranchials and hypobranchials. First hypobranchial with median, anterior, spinous process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D76FF980F791975FD5DF8A5" box="[593,660,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,249,663,685]" captionTargetBox="[294,1292,193,640]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[294,1292,193,641]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. First hypobranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, and (B) R. septentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype. Dorsal view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). First epibranchial deep, with ventral margin concave and uncinate process longer than first arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D76FF980CD919A9FDFAF849" box="[497,563,1920,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[372,1201,210,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[365,1229,195,1536]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. First epibranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, (B) R. s eptentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype, and (C) Satanoperca lilith, MZUSP 8503. Ventral view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245231/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Tooth plates present on fourth ceratobranchial. No gill rakers associated with fifth ceratobranchials. Teeth on the tooth-plates of fifth ceratobranchial more robust near symphysis and slender posterolaterally. Teeth molariform anteriorly, recurved posteriorly. Urohyal with dorsal ridge groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F66313D79FF970DBF1D29FBA8FCE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245238/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" targetBox="[273,1313,193,746]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF970DBF1D29FBA8FCE5" blockId="8.[151,1436,768,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DBF1D29FEDAFCC5" bold="true" box="[151,275,768,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiograph of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D79FF970CC91D29FD0CFCC6" box="[481,709,768,790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970CC91D29FD0CFCC6" box="[481,709,768,790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL, and (B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF9709E51D29FA55FCC6" box="[1229,1436,768,790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D79FF9709E51D29FA51FCC6" box="[1229,1432,768,790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifer">Retroculus lapidifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP 40682, 138.5 mm SL. Arrows indicate the hypapophyses. Lateral view, anterior to left.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF970DEF1D48FAA2FC4E" blockId="8.[151,1437,865,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DEF1D48FEA1FCAA" box="[199,360,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: Total vertebrae count 32–33, with 16 (16*) abdominal and 16 (16*) caudal. Well-developed hypapophyses on fourth vertebra entirely separated, not forming single spine-like structure. Two supraneurals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF970DEF1D80FBFAFB4A" blockId="8.[151,1437,865,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DEF1D80FE15FC12" box="[199,476,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Miscellaneous osteology</emphasis>
|
||
: Two lachrymal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D79FF970FDB1D80FCF0FC12" box="[755,825,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[306,1281,1545,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[306,1281,1545,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lachrymals and tubular infraorbitals of Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to right. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). First plate strongly elongated with four pores, three anterior and one dorsal slightly posterior to nostril. Second plate slender, expanded anteriorly, connecting with first tubular infraorbital rostrally below first lachrymal plate. Five separate tubular infraorbitals. First tubular infraorbital situated almost entirely ventral of first lachrymal plate, and only distally associated with orbital margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D79FF970DB71A10FF21FB82" box="[159,232,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[306,1281,1545,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[306,1281,1545,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lachrymals and tubular infraorbitals of Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to right. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nasal slender and elongate and of same length as first lachrymal plate. Highly interdigitated suture between parasphenoid and vomer. Preopercle with seven lateral-line foramina. Parasphenoid apophysis well developed. Canal in supracleithrum descending along its posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A3C3D79FF970EC81AA8FBECFB4A" box="[992,1061,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[606,969,785,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[606,969,785,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Supracleithrum of Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838. Lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245235/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF970DEF1A8CFB38F9F6" blockId="8.[151,1437,865,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DEF1A8CFE58FB6E" bold="true" box="[199,401,1189,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Base body coloration pale yellow, darker dorsally and paler ventrally. Two dark preorbital stripes, between eye and upper lip, darker to middle of snout. Upper preorbital stripe running from anteroventral portion of eye, lower stripe along ventral margin of eye. Stripe present on cheek from corner of the mouth to preopercle. Upper lip darker than lower. Dark blotch covering opercle darker on its center. Seven or eight irregular vertical dark bars along body with last one on median rays of caudal fin. Dorsal-fin rays pale yellow, darker distally. Interradial membrane gray. Black irregular blotch extending from middle to distal margin of first to seventh soft dorsal-fin rays. Last soft dorsal-fin rays dark gray with small white spots. Caudal-fin with irregular median dark bar immediately posterior to its base, followed by yellowish coloration for about two thirds of its length and dark pigment in its less scaled posterior most portion. About five irregular faint dark narrow bars on posteromedian portion of fin. Anal-fin rays yellowish on base, becoming darker distally, with hyaline small spots mainly on posterior rays, forming longitudinal stripes in some specimens. Pelvic fin darker distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF970DEF1818FBE2F85E" blockId="8.[151,1437,865,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DEF1818FE96F99A" bold="true" box="[199,351,1585,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
(Based on photograph of recently preserved specimen). Dorsal region of head greenish, ventral bluish. Upper lip greenish but bluish distally. Lower lip bluish. Branchiostegal membrane ventral to opercle red. Black spot on opercle. Preorbital stripes bluish. Body background color greenish dorsally and paler on ventral region with small irregular red spots distributed along body and followed posteriorly by blue spot. Greater concentration of red pigmentation on scapular area. Dorsal fin greenish over scaled portion, with small faint bluish or white irregular blotches over red background over membrane. Blotches on posterior soft rays became lenticulate spots and with black blotch on anterior six dorsal-fin soft rays. Distal margin of posterior rays with grayish background. Caudal fin greenish over scaled portion with distal margin grayish. Central portion of fin with some slender dark bars. Anal fin with 11 irregular white stripes over distinctly red background and grayish towards distal margin. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin grayish, becoming darker towards margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A65323D79FF960DEF19B0FE01FDCE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D79FF960DEF19B0FD18FF05" blockId="8.[151,1437,865,2006]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,650]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970DEF19B0FE38F862" bold="true" box="[199,497,1945,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D79FF970CD119B0FD3DF862" box="[505,756,1945,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D79FF970CD119B0FD3DF862" box="[505,756,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the region of the Serra da Mesa Hydroeletric Power Dam, in the upper Rio Tocantins basin. It has been collected, in several small to medium tributaries of the main Rio Tocantins, where it is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960F991EB0FCF9FF60" box="[689,816,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960F991EB0FCF9FF60" box="[689,816,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">R. lapidifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The waters where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF9609271EB0FB62FF60" box="[1039,1195,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF9609271EB0FB62FF60" box="[1039,1195,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">R. acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected range from clear, with some humic acid, to white-waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D78FF960DEF1EF6FCCDFE90" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960C5A1EF6FDA7FF28" box="[370,622,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960C5A1EF6FDA7FF28" box="[370,622,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown but based on morphological differences (see Discussion) from remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960C641F2DFE0DFECD" box="[332,452,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960C641F2DFE0DFECD" box="[332,452,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Retroculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, we expect that the species occurs in less rapidly flowing environment, possibly being restricted to more marginal portions of the rivers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D78FF960DEF1F67FE01FDCE" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960DEF1F67FE65FEB7" bold="true" box="[199,428,334,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Conservation note.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960C9E1F67FD7DFEB7" box="[438,692,334,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960C9E1F67FD7DFEB7" box="[438,692,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have restricted extension of occurrence (EEO 1,281.3 km2) and area of occupancy (OOC 36.0 km2),
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960F1F1F5FFDBCFE5D" box="[567,629,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN (2012). This portion of the Rio Tocantins has undergone drastic changes in habitat after the impounding of the Serra da Mesa dam. Although the species was found in the area after the dams’ reservoir reached its full capacity, the restricted EEO and OOC, alongside with the environmental changes classify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960C711FC8FD9FFE2A" box="[345,598,481,506]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960C711FC8FD9FFE2A" box="[345,598,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Retroculus acherontos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the threatened species category of “Endangered” according to criteria B1B2ab(iii) (IUCN, 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A65323D78FF960DEF1C00FDDCFD5A" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36B93D78FF960DEF1C00FDDCFD5A" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAAB3D78FF960DEF1C00FE87FD92" bold="true" box="[199,334,553,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D3A3D78FF960F3E1C00FD53FD92" box="[534,666,553,578]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Retroculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acherontos">Acherontos</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning 'of Acheron', in reference to the river which in the greek mythology flows to Hades, land of the souls. This is in reference to the Rio das Almas, which means river of the souls in Portuguese. An adjective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |