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925 lines
121 KiB
XML
<document id="FDA0F95CD4DD7B9587902BDA0D2A87F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="8636" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58d3914a-d15e-4a52-90c9-54aeb06d9ee7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472033" ID-ZooBank="D89148CE-EE8A-46B8-8D8B-8F5790063FC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611650017578" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro" docDate="2021" docId="03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4917.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stenopelmatus sartorianus Saussure" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FF9DBC588A71FB4C9B1321311F19FFC7" masterDocTitle="Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1698925285201" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B4751151A0285A94D98BBB72A3299354">Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD16FF70554BC952DD4272DDCA92FA2B">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DEA755CDF7EDF7D046607F98727B2A1">Vandergast, Amy G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBAF9E55B5FB2C7EAFF859FEF5EC1B09" type="email">avandergast@usgs.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4BBA37A7DF2D31AC717EA7852ECAF1DD">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1560357C08FAC8B3315D5F27C12B1BFD" type="email">hsong@tamu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4F090656FF7F232736897A59EBDC0C7C">Shin, Seunggwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E44A7EBDC6E79A1C0E06D12E22485360" type="email">sk83@snu.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B2213733576500FA9FD0366458940F8F">Mckenna, Duane D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="96A8CF4F3DFA2827F00E38D653C85115" type="email">dmckenna@memphis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="13137457F4E135B8D24FA32068A68AA5">Ueshima, Norihiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6698AB2E68ABA92418801A9A2DA517FC" type="email">gryllus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="47E7541CB84A55BCF3977DDA003F1A16">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B856D129FA0FE29FADBDE3BC9D2B0C86">4917</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D00F254A1035E95C15EBCB8C6B419E1A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475925" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177134731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="C31726BD8A24FB199B8422991EA6FC20" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8422991D4BFC04" blockId="85.[151,594,936,1036]" box="[151,594,936,963]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading id="D0FAC25A8A24FB199B8422991D4BFC04" bold="true" box="[151,594,936,963]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199B8422991D4BFC04" ID-CoL="8PK9M" authority="Saussure" box="[151,594,936,963]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
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<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199B8422991D4BFC04" bold="true" box="[151,594,936,963]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199B8422991EC2FC04" bold="true" box="[151,475,936,963]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Stenopelmatus sartorianus</emphasis>
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Saussure
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8422FC1EA6FC20" blockId="85.[151,594,936,1036]" box="[151,447,973,999]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Winged Jerusalem Cricket</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31726BD8A24FB119B8422C01E97F834" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8422C01EB4FBCC" blockId="85.[151,594,936,1036]" box="[151,429,1009,1036]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<figureCitation id="133669B38A24FB199B8422C01E2AFBCB" box="[151,307,1009,1036]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 143" captionStart-1="FIGURE 144" captionStart-10="FIGURE 153" captionStart-11="FIGURE 154" captionStart-12="FIGURE 155" captionStart-13="FIGURE 156" captionStart-14="FIGURE 157" captionStart-2="FIGURE 145" captionStart-3="FIGURE 146" captionStart-4="FIGURE 147" captionStart-5="FIGURE 148" captionStart-6="FIGURE 149" captionStart-7="FIGURE 150" captionStart-8="FIGURE 151" captionStart-9="FIGURE 152" captionStartId-0="85.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionStartId-1="86.[151,250,1497,1521]" captionStartId-10="91.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionStartId-11="92.[151,250,819,843]" captionStartId-12="93.[151,250,944,968]" captionStartId-13="93.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionStartId-14="94.[151,250,1407,1431]" captionStartId-2="87.[151,250,1176,1200]" captionStartId-3="87.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionStartId-4="88.[151,250,795,819]" captionStartId-5="88.[151,250,1306,1330]" captionStartId-6="88.[151,250,2001,2025]" captionStartId-7="89.[151,250,832,856]" captionStartId-8="89.[151,250,1472,1496]" captionStartId-9="90.[151,250,819,843]" captionTargetBox-0="[477,1105,1224,1872]" captionTargetBox-1="[364,1224,453,1471]" captionTargetBox-10="[224,1364,631,1854]" captionTargetBox-11="[490,1096,181,795]" captionTargetBox-12="[156,1429,381,907]" captionTargetBox-13="[371,1215,1029,1525]" captionTargetBox-14="[276,1311,185,1383]" captionTargetBox-3="[540,1040,1261,1912]" captionTargetBox-4="[346,1241,185,767]" captionTargetBox-6="[181,1408,1427,1978]" captionTargetBox-7="[384,1203,270,806]" captionTargetBox-8="[455,1133,916,1448]" captionTargetBox-9="[647,941,201,795]" captionTargetId-0="figure-146@85.[477,1111,1212,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure-158@86.[364,1224,453,1473]" captionTargetId-10="figure-279@91.[223,1364,630,1869]" captionTargetId-11="figure-21@92.[490,1096,181,795]" captionTargetId-12="figure-117@93.[156,1432,378,918]" captionTargetId-13="figure-147@93.[370,1217,1029,1525]" captionTargetId-14="figure-21@94.[276,1311,181,1384]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@87.[354,1233,179,1150]" captionTargetId-3="figure-31@87.[540,1047,1261,1929]" captionTargetId-4="figure-21@88.[345,1241,181,771]" captionTargetId-5="figure-63@88.[384,1203,913,1280]" captionTargetId-6="figure-78@88.[179,1408,1427,1978]" captionTargetId-7="figure-56@89.[384,1203,270,806]" captionTargetId-8="figure-88@89.[455,1133,916,1448]" captionTargetId-9="figure-21@90.[647,941,181,795]" captionTargetPageId-0="85" captionTargetPageId-1="86" captionTargetPageId-10="91" captionTargetPageId-11="92" captionTargetPageId-12="93" captionTargetPageId-13="93" captionTargetPageId-14="94" captionTargetPageId-2="87" captionTargetPageId-3="87" captionTargetPageId-4="88" captionTargetPageId-5="88" captionTargetPageId-6="88" captionTargetPageId-7="89" captionTargetPageId-8="89" captionTargetPageId-9="90" captionText-0="FIGURE 143. Adult male S. sartorianus from Panama, with following data: Panama: Darien Provence, 27-vi-1994, 2 hours, on foot, above Rancho Plastico, Darien National Park, from inside large dead log (~2.5-3 feet in diameter) along Pirre Trail between Rancho Frio Station and the Pirre Ridgeline, at ~8.0024° -77.7053°, 800m (pers. comm. from the collector, Alan Gillogly, to DBW, Nov, 2019). Photos courtesy of A. Aiello." captionText-1="FIGURE 144. Live adult male (top photo) S. sartorianus, Metlac Canyon, Veracruz, Mexico, S06-39. Live adult female (bottom photo) S. sartorianus, Monteverde, Costa Rica. Arrows point to hind wing extending beyond tegmina in situ." captionText-10="FIGURE 153. Maturation in ovipositor of S. sartorianus. A. Ovipositor of lectotype mid-late instar S. sallei; B. ovipositor last instar, based on hind wing development (see Fig. 154), S. sartorianus (Guatemala, La Libertad); C. ovipositor of adult holotype S. sartorianus. Note upturned (arrow) distal portion on adult." captionText-11="FIGURE 154. Probable last instar S. sartorianus (head toward top) from La Libertad, Guatemala, clearly demonstrating bilateral tegmina pads (blue arrows) partially lying over hind wing pads (red arrows). Note attachment points (yellow arrows) of all four pads to body." captionText-12="FIGURE 155. Left photo - getting acquainted, male on left. Right photo – maneuvering into position, male, on right, biting (arrow) female’s left hind tibia." captionText-13="FIGURE 156. Left photo – male (on right), now biting female’s left hind tarsi, almost into full “bite-back” position, with his internal genitalia (arrow) extruded. Right photo – male (on right) passing white spermatophore (arrow)." captionText-14="FIGURE 157. Left photo – Mating completed with male (upper) completely decoupled from female – note bilobed spermatophore with ovipositor (arrow) separating the halves. Bottom photo – female with visible spermatophore (arrow) which quickly accumulated substrate sand (top right photo) as she walked around. Note tip of ovipositor (arrow)." captionText-2="FIGURE 145. Holotype adult female Stenopelmatus sartorianus." captionText-3="FIGURE 146. Hind leg tibia of holotype S. sartorianus showing (left photo) 4 inner and (right photo) 4 outer spines." captionText-4="FIGURE 147. Holotype adult female S. sartorianus showing (left photo) damaged furrow area on face; and (right photo) adult male from Cualcuapan, between Orizaba & Cordoba, Mexico, showing only lateral carina of furrow (arrow) on undamaged face." captionText-5="FIGURE 148. Calling drum (R06-12) of adult male S. sartorianus." captionText-6="FIGURE 149. Calling drum (R06-13) of adult female S. sartorianus." captionText-7="FIGURE 150. Rio Metlac, Veracruz state (S06-39) where 4 late instars of S. sartorianus (see Fig. 151) were collected deep inside very rotten logs (photo DC Lightfoot)." captionText-8="FIGURE 151. Live late instar S. sartorianus from Metlac Canyon, Mexico (S06-39), showing both fore and hind wing pads (photo DC Lightfoot)." captionText-9="FIGURE 152. Field collected adult female S. sartorianus, from Monteverde, Costa Rica (S00-21) with 8 inner rear leg tibial spines on left side." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472238" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472240" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472255" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472257" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472259" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472261" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475821" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472242" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472244" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475823" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472246" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472248" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472250" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472253" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4472238/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4472240/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/4472255/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/4472257/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/4472259/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/4472261/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/4472263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4475821/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4472242/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4472244/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4475823/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4472246/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4472248/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4472250/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/4472253/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 143–157</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C68F408D8A24FB199A2D22C01E88FBCC" box="[318,401,1009,1035]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[151,170,493,520]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of adult measurements (mm) in Stenopelmatus taxa with multiple adult specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" tableUuid="DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="C68F408D8A24FB199A8C22C01EB4FBCC" box="[415,429,1009,1035]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,257,689,718]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,735,1874]" captionText="TABLE 2. Stenopelmatus character summary sheet." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225BE8A60FB5D9B8423801C2DFD09" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" tableUuid="DF7225BE8A60FB5D9B8423801C2DFD09">2</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8425041C86FB8A" blockId="85.[151,1004,1077,1193]" box="[151,927,1077,1101]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
1859.
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<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199BC425041EF4FB8A" box="[215,493,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199BC425041EF0FB8A" box="[215,489,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 211.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8425651CCDFBAB" blockId="85.[151,1004,1077,1193]" box="[151,980,1108,1132]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
1932.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199BC425651EF7FBAB" box="[215,494,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199BC425651EF2FBAB" box="[215,491,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">Stenopelmatus sumichrasti</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 58(3): 343
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8425421CAAFB4C" blockId="85.[151,1004,1077,1193]" box="[151,947,1139,1163]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
1945.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199BC425421EF4FB4D" box="[215,493,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199BC425421EF0FB4D" box="[215,489,1139,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Strohecker, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 38(2): 207
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B8425A01CF5FB6E" blockId="85.[151,1004,1077,1193]" box="[151,1004,1169,1193]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
1988.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199BC425A01C33FB6E" authority="Gorochov, Zoologicheskii" authorityName="Gorochov, Zoologicheskii" box="[215,810,1169,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199BC425A01D02FB6E" box="[215,539,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Stenopelmatopterus sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
Gorochov, Zoologicheskii
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
zhurnal 67(4): 521
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A24FB199B84265C1D82F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472238/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[477,1105,1224,1872]" targetPageId="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A24FB199B84265C1D82F835" blockId="85.[151,1437,1901,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199B84265C1E34F841" bold="true" box="[151,301,1901,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 143.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A24FB199AB9265F1D21F842" box="[426,568,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199AB9265F1D21F842" box="[426,568,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Panama, with following data:
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB1998BB265F1BD9F842" bold="true" box="[936,1216,1902,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Panama:
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A24FB199F1C265F1BD9F842" bold="true" box="[1039,1216,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Darien Provence</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 27-vi-1994, 2 hours, on foot, above Rancho Plastico, Darien National Park, from inside large dead log (~2.5-3 feet in diameter) along Pirre Trail between Rancho Frio Station and the Pirre Ridgeline, at ~8.0024° -77.7053°, 800m (pers. comm. from the collector, Alan Gillogly, to DBW, Nov, 2019). Photos courtesy of A. Aiello.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A27FB1A9B8421A61FD4FF12" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9B8421A61E31FF76" box="[151,296,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The most widespread species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A998D21A61C58FF76" box="[670,833,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A998D21A61C58FF76" box="[670,833,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A27FB1A98F221A61B9BFF76" box="[993,1154,151,177]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Veracruz state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A27FB1A9F9D21A61BFFFF76" box="[1166,1254,151,177]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A27FB1A9E7A21A61FD0FF12" name="Panama" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A27FB1A9BD421EE1BFCFE6B" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9BD421EE1C1EFF3F" box="[199,775,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Recognition characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9ACF21EE1C1EFF3F" box="[476,775,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only species of New World Jerusalem cricket whose adults have fully developed front and hind wings. In all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A27FB1A981920331C69FEDA" box="[778,880,258,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="adult">15 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
examined, hind wings longer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9FD820321A33FEDA" box="[1227,1322,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 144" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[364,1224,453,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-158@86.[364,1224,453,1473]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 144. Live adult male (top photo) S. sartorianus, Metlac Canyon, Veracruz, Mexico, S06-39. Live adult female (bottom photo) S. sartorianus, Monteverde, Costa Rica. Arrows point to hind wing extending beyond tegmina in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472240/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
|
||
) than tegmina in situ. Three other species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A990B20161C5AFE87" box="[536,835,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A990B20161D89FE86" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[536,656,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">S. chiapas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A998F20161C27FE87" box="[668,830,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceiventris">S. piceiventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A986F20161CE7FE86" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[892,1022,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanfelipe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A986F20161CE7FE86" box="[892,1022,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. sanfelipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have micropterous fore wings as adults, and, at least in the case of the first two, in apparently all early instars. There are no concealed, hind wings, in any instar, under the tegmina of these 3 latter taxa. The dense area of short hairs (see, for example,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9FFA205E1A51FE4E" box="[1257,1352,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 134" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[538,1049,952,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-53@81.[538,1049,952,1566]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 134. Topotype adult male S. sanfelipe showing field of hairs and bumps (arrow) under left fore wing. Head is toward right. Photo C. Grinter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472220/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 134</figureCitation>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9E63205E1A96FE4E" box="[1392,1423,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[460,1119,787,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-31@55.[456,1132,784,1282]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 82. Holotype adult female left hind tibia (left photo) and ovipositor (right photo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472140/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">82</figureCitation>
|
||
), as seen under the wings of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9AD520A21DFEFE6B" box="[454,743,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9AD520A21D25FE6A" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[454,572,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">S. chiapas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A995B20A21DFEFE6B" box="[584,743,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceiventris">S. piceiventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A980E20A21C87FE6A" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[797,926,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanfelipe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A980E20A21C87FE6A" box="[797,926,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. sanfelipe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is missing in
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9F5320A21BFCFE6B" box="[1088,1253,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9F5320A21BF8FE6B" box="[1088,1249,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A27FB1A9B8424E81A0CF9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472240/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" startId="86.[151,250,1497,1521]" targetBox="[364,1224,453,1471]" targetPageId="86">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A27FB1A9B8424E81A0CF9D2" blockId="86.[151,1436,1497,1557]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9B8424E81E34FA36" bold="true" box="[151,301,1497,1521]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 144.</emphasis>
|
||
Live adult male (top photo)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A994024E81C97FA36" authority=", Metlac Canyon" authorityName="Metlac Canyon" box="[595,910,1497,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A994024E81DFBFA37" box="[595,738,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
, Metlac Canyon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Veracruz, Mexico, S06-39. Live adult female (bottom photo)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9A1E24CC1D3CF9D2" authority=", Monteverde" authorityName="Monteverde" box="[269,549,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9A1E24CC1E85F9D3" box="[269,412,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
, Monteverde
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Costa Rica. Arrows point to hind wing extending beyond tegmina in situ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A27FB1A9BD427721EBFF8F2" blockId="86.[151,1437,1603,2026]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9BD427721E37F99A" box="[199,302,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A27FB1A9BD427721E37F99A" box="[199,302,1603,1629]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9ACD27721D27F999" box="[478,574,1603,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1176,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-19@87.[354,1233,179,1150]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 145. Holotype adult female Stenopelmatus sartorianus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4475821/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
, with fully formed front and hind wings, right side spread). (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9E1B27721A85F99A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[1288,1436,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Anostostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anostostoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
sartorii Sauss
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A27FB1A9A2427591E55F945" box="[311,332,1640,1666]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Tuxtla [Gutierrez, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A27FB1A999027561DF9F946" box="[643,736,1639,1665]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A27FB1A99FF27571C5EF946" box="[748,839,1638,1665]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
], M. H. S. (2) green label
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9F6727561FC7F962" authority="Sauss." authorityName="Sauss." class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus Sauss.</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3) green label 71 (4) red label
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A27FB1A995B27BA1DA4F962" box="[584,701,1675,1701]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A99D627BA1B46F962" authority="Saussure." authorityName="Saussure." box="[709,1119,1675,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus Saussure.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Measurement in mm: Body length 35.9, including ovipositor, hind femur length 14, hind femur width 5.1, tegmina 17.8 and almost reaching tip of abdomen. Left hind leg tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A991027E21D7AF929" box="[515,611,1747,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 146" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[540,1040,1261,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-31@87.[540,1047,1261,1929]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 146. Hind leg tibia of holotype S. sartorianus showing (left photo) 4 inner and (right photo) 4 outer spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472242/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 146</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 4 inner and 4 outer spines. Face with apparent furrow although distorted by damage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9A7927C61ED5F8D6" box="[362,460,1783,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 147" captionStartId="88.[151,250,795,819]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,185,767]" captionTargetId="figure-21@88.[345,1241,181,771]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 147. Holotype adult female S. sartorianus showing (left photo) damaged furrow area on face; and (right photo) adult male from Cualcuapan, between Orizaba & Cordoba, Mexico, showing only lateral carina of furrow (arrow) on undamaged face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472244/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor upturned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A99C127C61C2DF8D5" box="[722,820,1783,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 153" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,631,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-279@91.[223,1364,630,1869]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 153. Maturation in ovipositor of S. sartorianus. A. Ovipositor of lectotype mid-late instar S. sallei; B. ovipositor last instar, based on hind wing development (see Fig. 154), S. sartorianus (Guatemala, La Libertad); C. ovipositor of adult holotype S. sartorianus. Note upturned (arrow) distal portion on adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472255/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
|
||
). Deposited MHNG Geneva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9F9227C61EBFF8F2" bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
New status: transferred back to
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9BE5262B1EBFF8F2" bold="true" box="[246,422,1818,1845]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A27FB1A9BE5262B1EBBF8F2" box="[246,418,1818,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenopelmatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A27FB1A9BD426711FE5F82D" blockId="86.[151,1437,1603,2026]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9BD426711E09F89E" box="[199,272,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Drum.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A27FB1A9A05260E1A85F8B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613313" country="Mexico" county="Both" latitude="-1.9" location="Adult" municipality="Metlac Canyon" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D30DBA8A27FB1A9A05260E1E55F89E" box="[278,332,1855,1881]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Both</collectingCounty>
|
||
sexes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A27FB1A9AC2260E1D30F89E" box="[465,553,1855,1881]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A27FB1A992026711DCBF89D" box="[563,722,1856,1882]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Veracruz state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6EF4C8A27FB1A99CE260E1C9EF89E" box="[733,903,1855,1881]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Metlac Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(S06-39) drummed similarly.
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A27FB1A9FC5260E1A0FF89E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A27FB1A9FC5260E1A0FF89E" box="[1238,1302,1855,1881]" country="Mexico" county="Both" latitude="-1.9" municipality="Metlac Canyon" name="Adult" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Adult</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A9E08260E1A4CF89E" bold="true" box="[1307,1365,1855,1881]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">male</emphasis>
|
||
(R06- 12) had one series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9A6E26521EF9F8BA" box="[381,480,1891,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 148" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1306,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-63@88.[384,1203,913,1280]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 148. Calling drum (R06-12) of adult male S. sartorianus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4475823/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 148</figureCitation>
|
||
) recorded at 20.5°C, in 2:40 of recording time: 26 fast drums over 1.9s (13.7 d/s)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
followed by 15 slow drums over 5.8s (2.6 d/s).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A27FB1A99A526B61CF4F801" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613307" country="Mexico" latitude="-2.8" location="Adult" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A27FB1A99A526B61DEFF866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A27FB1A99A526B61DEFF866" box="[694,758,1927,1953]" country="Mexico" latitude="-2.8" name="Adult" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Adult</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A27FB1A99EC26B61C57F866" bold="true" box="[767,846,1927,1953]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">female</emphasis>
|
||
(R06-13) had one series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A27FB1A9F6B26B61BC2F866" box="[1144,1243,1927,1953]" captionStart="FIGURE 149" captionStartId="88.[151,250,2001,2025]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,1427,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-78@88.[179,1408,1427,1978]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 149. Calling drum (R06-13) of adult female S. sartorianus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472246/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to male R06-12, recorded at 23°C, in 4:15 hours: 39 fast drums over 2.8s (13.9 d/s)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
followed by 14 slow drums over 4.7s (3.0 d/s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A26FB1B9B8425A91C2BFB77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475821" box="[151,818,1176,1200]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4475821/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" targetBox="[362,1230,179,1130]" targetPageId="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A26FB1B9B8425A91C2BFB77" blockId="87.[151,818,1176,1200]" box="[151,818,1176,1200]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A26FB1B9B8425A91E34FB77" bold="true" box="[151,301,1176,1200]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 145.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A26FB1B990F25A91C37FB77" box="[540,814,1176,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">Stenopelmatus sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A26FB1B9B8426911A25F87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472242" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472242" box="[151,1340,1952,1976]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472242/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" startId="87.[151,250,1952,1976]" targetBox="[540,1040,1261,1912]" targetPageId="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A26FB1B9B8426911A25F87F" blockId="87.[151,1340,1952,1976]" box="[151,1340,1952,1976]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A26FB1B9B8426911E34F87F" bold="true" box="[151,301,1952,1976]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 146.</emphasis>
|
||
Hind leg tibia of holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A26FB1B992C26911DD4F87F" box="[575,717,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A26FB1B992C26911DD4F87F" box="[575,717,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing (left photo) 4 inner and (right photo) 4 outer spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A29FB149B84222A1FD0FCBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472244/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,795,819]" targetBox="[346,1241,185,767]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A29FB149B84222A1FD0FCBC" blockId="88.[151,1437,795,891]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A29FB149B84222A1E34FCF4" bold="true" box="[151,301,795,819]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 147.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A29FB149908222A1DB0FCF4" box="[539,681,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A29FB149908222A1DB0FCF4" box="[539,681,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing (left photo) damaged furrow area on face; and (right photo) adult male from Cualcuapan, between Orizaba & Cordoba, Mexico, showing only lateral carina of furrow (arrow) on undamaged face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A29FB149B84242B1C5DFAF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475823" box="[151,836,1306,1330]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4475823/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" targetBox="[385,1203,913,1280]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A29FB149B84242B1C5DFAF5" blockId="88.[151,836,1306,1330]" box="[151,836,1306,1330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A29FB149B84242B1E34FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,301,1306,1330]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 148.</emphasis>
|
||
Calling drum (R06-12) of adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A29FB1499BC242A1C59FAF5" box="[687,832,1307,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A29FB149B8426E01C41F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472246" box="[151,856,2001,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472246/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,2001,2025]" targetBox="[181,1408,1427,1978]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A29FB149B8426E01C41F82E" blockId="88.[151,856,2001,2025]" box="[151,856,2001,2025]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A29FB149B8426E01E34F82E" bold="true" box="[151,301,2001,2025]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 149.</emphasis>
|
||
Calling drum (R06-13) of adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A29FB1499D126E31C4DF82E" box="[706,852,2002,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159BD421A61E94FF12" blockId="89.[151,1436,151,250]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159BD421A61EB2FF77" box="[199,427,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
|
||
“sartor” is Latin for tailor, patcher, maybe in reference to the holotype’s long wings and being “well dressed?”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159BD421EE1A9AFF3E" blockId="89.[151,1436,151,250]" box="[199,1411,222,250]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159BD421EE1E3DFF3E" box="[199,292,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Riparian forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A28FB159AF221EE1D58FF3E" box="[481,577,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 150" captionStartId="89.[151,250,832,856]" captionTargetBox="[384,1203,270,806]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[384,1203,270,806]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 150. Rio Metlac, Veracruz state (S06-39) where 4 late instars of S. sartorianus (see Fig. 151) were collected deep inside very rotten logs (photo DC Lightfoot)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472248/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
|
||
) along the Rio Metlac (S06-39). Cloud forests at Monteverde,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A28FB159E1121EE1A99FF3E" box="[1282,1408,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A28FB159B8422711D78FCBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472248/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[151,250,832,856]" targetBox="[384,1203,270,806]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159B8422711D78FCBB" blockId="89.[151,1436,832,893]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159B8422711E37FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,302,832,856]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 150.</emphasis>
|
||
Rio Metlac, Veracruz state (S06-39) where 4 late instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A28FB1598B322701B29FC9F" box="[928,1072,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB1598B322701B29FC9F" box="[928,1072,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fig. 151) were collected deep inside very rotten logs (photo DC Lightfoot).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A28FB159B8424F11E60FA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472250/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[151,250,1472,1496]" targetBox="[455,1133,916,1448]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159B8424F11E60FA3B" blockId="89.[151,1436,1472,1532]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159B8424F11E37FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,302,1472,1496]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 151.</emphasis>
|
||
Live late instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A28FB159ACB24F11D7EFA1F" box="[472,615,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159ACB24F11D7EFA1F" box="[472,615,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Metlac Canyon, Mexico (S06-39), showing both fore and hind wing pads (photo DC Lightfoot).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159BD4271B1A26F94B" blockId="89.[151,1437,1578,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159BD4271B1E2BF983" box="[199,306,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
All instars and adults jumped well (see Discussion below).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A28FB1598C4271B1B02F983" box="[983,1051,1578,1604]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Heard</collectingCountry>
|
||
one mid instar female from Monteverde,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A28FB159BEA277F1E6DF9AF" box="[249,372,1614,1640]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(S00-21) femoral-abdominal stridulate. During mating trials (see Discussion below), an adult female femoral-abdominal stridulated while the male tremulated. All instars fed well on wax worm larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159BD427A61EAEF887" blockId="89.[151,1437,1578,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Is this species an obligate predator? At Metlac Canyon, we put out a nighttime
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A28FB159F5727A71B9DF977" box="[1092,1156,1686,1712]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="kg" value="16.0">16 kg</quantity>
|
||
long oatmeal trail, especially in the area where we collected the 4 late instars during the daytime. While the oatmeal attracted many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A28FB159B8427EF1E0AF93F" box="[151,275,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A28FB159A9327EF1CEDF93F" authority=", Glaphyrosoma, Anurogryllus, and Gryllus" authorityName="Glaphyrosoma, Anurogryllus, and Gryllus" box="[384,1012,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Anabropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159A9327EF1C79F93F" box="[384,864,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Anabropsis, Glaphyrosoma, Anurogryllus,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB15988E27EF1CEDF93F" box="[925,1012,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB1598E027EF1CEEF93F" box="[1011,1015,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">,</emphasis>
|
||
no JCs were attracted, including no specimens of a second, sympatric, medium-large, jumping black JC that was also in a log during the daytime and that we discuss on p. 117.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A28FB159BD4267A1B34F817" blockId="89.[151,1437,1578,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A28FB159BD4267A1E2EF8A3" box="[199,311,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F408D8A28FB159A2C267B1E8DF8A3" box="[319,404,1866,1892]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[151,170,493,520]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of adult measurements (mm) in Stenopelmatus taxa with multiple adult specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" tableUuid="DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Adult female Monteverde (S00-21) with 8 left rear leg inner tibial spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A28FB159FE1267B1A4FF8A2" box="[1266,1366,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 152" captionStartId="90.[151,250,819,843]" captionTargetBox="[647,941,201,795]" captionTargetId="figure-21@90.[647,941,181,795]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 152. Field collected adult female S. sartorianus, from Monteverde, Costa Rica (S00-21) with 8 inner rear leg tibial spines on left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472253/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 152</figureCitation>
|
||
). This same female had the normal 4 inner rear leg tibial spines on her right side. This left rear tibia was almost
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A28FB159E55265F1A84F84E" box="[1350,1437,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
shorter than the right side and indicates, we believe, physical damage of some kind during an earlier instar, with subsequent regeneration (discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A28FB15995626871C1DF817" author="Weissman, D. B." box="[581,772,1974,2000]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref52608" refString="Weissman, D. B. (2001 a) North and Central America Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae): taxonomy, distribution, life cycle, ecology, and related biology of the American species. In Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies. CAB International, New York, pp. 57 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0057" type="book chapter" year="2001">Weissman 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) during succeeding molts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A2BFB169B8422021E4CFCA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472253/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" startId="90.[151,250,819,843]" targetBox="[647,941,201,795]" targetPageId="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169B8422021E4CFCA8" blockId="90.[151,1436,819,879]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169B8422021E37FC8C" bold="true" box="[151,302,819,843]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 152.</emphasis>
|
||
Field collected adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB16994A22051DF0FC8C" box="[601,745,820,843]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB16994A22051DF0FC8C" box="[601,745,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Monteverde, Costa Rica (S00-21) with 8 inner rear leg tibial spines on left side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169BD422AF1DC1FAAF" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BD422AF1EA3FC7F" box="[199,442,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169AD122AC1E1DFC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613342" collectingDate="1995-06-16" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="Monteverde" country="Costa Rica" location="Puntarenas" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169AD122AC1DC6FC7F" bold="true" box="[450,735,925,952]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A2BFB169AD122AC1D52FC70" box="[450,587,925,951]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB16994A22AF1DC6FC7F" bold="true" box="[601,735,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB16994A22AF1DC6FC7F" box="[601,735,926,952]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB1699FC22AF1C60FC7F" box="[751,889,926,952]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Monteverde</collectorName>
|
||
, 10° 18’ 01” -84° 47’ 47”,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169FA022AC1A36FC7F" box="[1203,1327,925,952]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1995-06-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169FA022AC1A36FC7F" box="[1203,1327,925,952]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1995-06-16">16-vi-1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S95-48)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB169B8422F31FB0FC1B" box="[151,169,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB169BD922F31E1DFC1B" box="[202,260,962,988]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169A0222F01D76FC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613301" box="[273,623,961,988]" collectingDate="1996-06-26" collectionCode="CAS" country="Costa Rica" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169A0222F01E97FC1C" box="[273,398,961,987]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1996-06-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169A0222F01E97FC1C" box="[273,398,961,987]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1996-06-26">26-vi-1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S96-71) Ƌ2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB16992622F31D76FC1B" box="[565,623,962,988]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB16996F22F31CFBFC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613312" box="[636,994,962,988]" collectingDate="2000-07-14" collectionCode="CAS" country="Costa Rica" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB16996F22F31C19FC1B" box="[636,768,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="2000-07-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB16996F22F31C19FC1B" box="[636,768,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="2000-07-14">14-vii-2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S00-21)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB16986622F31C93FC1B" box="[885,906,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB1698BB22F31CFBFC1B" box="[936,994,962,988]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB1698FD22F31CFBFBC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613323" collectingDate="1906-04" collectorName="P. Biolley" country="Costa Rica" elevation="800" location="Cangrejal de Asseri" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB1698FD22F31B7FFC1B" box="[1006,1126,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Lo. Palma</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169F6022F31BC4FC1B" box="[1139,1245,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">P Biolley</collectorName>
|
||
, no date,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB169E5E22F31A85FC1B" box="[1357,1436,962,988]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female.
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB169BE122D71EC9FBC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB169BE122D71EC9FBC7" box="[242,464,998,1024]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cangrejal de Asseri" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Cangrejal de Asseri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2BFB169ACF22D71D07FBC7" box="[476,542,998,1024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002092058A2BFB169ACF22D71D07FBC7" box="[476,542,998,1024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB16993922D41D9DFC38" box="[554,644,997,1023]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1906-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB16993922D41D9DFC38" box="[554,644,997,1023]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1906-04">iv-1906</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16999C22D71DE4FBC7" box="[655,765,998,1024]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">P. Biolley</collectorName>
|
||
, 1 last instar female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB1698FE22D41C65FB8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613339" collectingDate="1966-06-29" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="Stuart" country="Guatemala" elevation="1750" location="Hojas Blancas" municipality="Paraiso Municipio La Libertad" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB1698FE22D41E16FBE3" bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A2BFB1698FE22D41B6FFC38" box="[1005,1142,997,1023]" name="Guatemala" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F9122D41E16FBE3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169F9122D41A24FBC7" box="[1154,1341,997,1024]" country="Guatemala" name="Huehuetenango" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Huehuetenango</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6EF4C8A2BFB169E5722D41E16FBE3" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Paraiso Municipio</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
La Libertad (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2BFB169AAD25381EE0FBE3" box="[446,505,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
E.
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB169931253B1DDEFBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB169931253B1DDEFBE2" box="[546,711,1034,1061]" country="Guatemala" municipality="Paraiso Municipio La Libertad" name="Hojas Blancas" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">Hojas Blancas</location>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2BFB1699C425381C7EFBE3" box="[727,871,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="1650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002092058A2BFB1699C425381C7EFBE3" box="[727,871,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="1650.0">1650-1850m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(forest, under logs)
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169F4225381BCBFBE4" box="[1105,1234,1033,1059]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1966-06-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169F4225381BCBFBE4" box="[1105,1234,1033,1059]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1966-06-29">29-vi-1966</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. LC
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169E19253B1A49FBE3" box="[1290,1360,1034,1060]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Stuart</collectorName>
|
||
, 3 late (last?) females with minimal lateral carinae on furrows,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB169832251F1C65FB8F" box="[801,892,1070,1096]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="University or college">UMMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB16989B251F1B93FBAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613341" country="Guatemala" elevation="914" location="Las Mercedes" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guatemala">
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB16989B251F1B33FB8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB16989B251F1B33FB8F" box="[904,1066,1070,1096]" country="Guatemala" name="Las Mercedes" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Guatemala">Las Mercedes</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2BFB169F2B251F1B8DFB8F" box="[1080,1172,1070,1096]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002092058A2BFB169F2B251F1B8DFB8F" box="[1080,1172,1070,1096]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169FB1251F1A03FB8F" box="[1186,1306,1070,1096]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Champion</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169E34251F1A84FB8F" box="[1319,1437,1070,1096]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Brit. Mus.</collectorName>
|
||
1899-235, BMNH.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169A6725631EADFBAB" box="[372,436,1106,1132]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Other</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169AAF25631D2CFBAB" box="[444,565,1106,1132]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
|
||
nymphs in BMNH from
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16984625631CA5FBAB" box="[853,956,1106,1132]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Capetillo</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB1698E025631B93FBAB" box="[1011,1162,1106,1132]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">El Tumbador</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169F8625601BF6FB57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613308" collectingDate="1938-07-11" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="EH Taylor" country="Mexico" location="Veracruz" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F8625601A7DFBAB" bold="true" box="[1173,1380,1105,1132]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A2BFB169F8625601BE9FBAC" box="[1173,1264,1105,1131]" name="Mexico" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169FEE25631A7DFBAB" bold="true" box="[1277,1380,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169FEE25631A7DFBAB" box="[1277,1380,1106,1132]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169E6125631FE4FB57" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cualcuapan</collectorName>
|
||
, between
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169A7E25471EDFFB57" box="[365,454,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Orizaba</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169AFA25471D55FB57" box="[489,588,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cordoba</collectorName>
|
||
, 3800’,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB1699B525471C35FB57" box="[678,812,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1938-07-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB1699B525471C35FB57" box="[678,812,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1938-07-11">11-vii-1938</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, E.H.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16986225471CA5FB57" box="[881,956,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB169F1625471B01FB57" box="[1029,1048,1142,1168]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
3, adult Ƌ1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB169FB725471BF6FB57" box="[1188,1263,1142,1168]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169FE925471D57FB73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613309" collectingDate="1938-07-18" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="Taylor" country="Mexico" location="Veracruz" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
same data,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169E6425471FE0FB73" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1938-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169E6425471FE0FB73" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1938-07-18">18- vii-1938</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, E.H.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169A5325AB1E92FB73" box="[320,395,1178,1204]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
, adult Ƌ1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB16991525AB1D57FB73" box="[518,590,1178,1204]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB16994A25AB1FE2FB3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613336" collectingDate="2006-06-20" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="DBW & DC Lightfoot & CAS" country="Mexico" location="Metlac Canyon" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16994A25AB1C10FB73" box="[601,777,1178,1204]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Metlac Canyon</collectorName>
|
||
, 18° 54’ 30.78” -97° 00’ 44”, 3200’,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169FBE25A81A33FB74" box="[1197,1322,1177,1203]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="2006-06-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169FBE25A81A33FB74" box="[1197,1322,1177,1203]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="2006-06-20">20-vi-2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S06-39), Ƌ1,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB169BDA258F1FC5FB1F" box="[201,220,1214,1240]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
3, all late instars, DBW,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169AE1258F1D97FB1F" box="[498,654,1214,1240]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">DC Lightfoot</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB16998A258F1DD6FB1F" box="[665,719,1214,1240]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB1699CC258F1C26FB1F" box="[735,831,1214,1240]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">See Ball</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169870258F1CC5FB1F" box="[867,988,1214,1240]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Whitehead</collectorName>
|
||
(1967) for more information on
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB169E5D258F1FEAFB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB169E5D258F1FEAFB3B" country="Mexico" name="Metlac Canyon" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Metlac Canyon</location>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169A1525D31B58FB3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613327" box="[262,1089,1250,1276]" collectingDate="1941-08-13" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="Mrs. Forbes & Taylor" country="Mexico" location="Portrero Viejo" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB169A1525D31EB0FB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB169A1525D31EB0FB3B" box="[262,425,1250,1276]" country="Mexico" name="Portrero Viejo" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Portrero Viejo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169AA725D31D5BFB3B" box="[436,578,1250,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1941-08-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169AA725D31D5BFB3B" box="[436,578,1250,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1941-08-13">13-viii-1941</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16995C25D31DCEFB3B" box="[591,727,1250,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mrs. Forbes</collectorName>
|
||
+ E.H.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB16982325D31C62FB3B" box="[816,891,1250,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
, adult Ƌ1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB1698E525D31B58FB3B" box="[1014,1089,1250,1276]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B657F6B8A2BFB169F5E25D01B2EFA83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026613320" collectingDate="1941-04-11" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="Las Casas & Cantrall" country="Mexico" location="San Cristobal" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F5E25D01BAAFB3B" bold="true" box="[1101,1203,1249,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F5E25D01BB5FB3B" bold="true" box="[1101,1196,1249,1276]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169F5E25D01BB5FB3B" box="[1101,1196,1249,1276]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
8.0 m SE
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169E3825D31A85FB3B" box="[1323,1436,1250,1276]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Las Casas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8ED223ED8A2BFB169B8C24371E25FAE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A24FB119B8422991E97F834:8ED223ED8A2BFB169B8C24371E25FAE6" box="[159,316,1286,1313]" country="Mexico" name="San Cristobal" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Chiapas">San Cristobal</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2BFB169A5C24371ED4FAE7" box="[335,461,1286,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1941-04-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7AA1E8A2BFB169A5C24371ED4FAE7" box="[335,461,1286,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1941-04-11">11-iv-1941</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, I.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F810E08A2BFB169AFD24371D52FAE7" box="[494,587,1286,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cantrall</collectorName>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BBEBF8A2BFB16998624371DB3FAE7" box="[661,682,1286,1312]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1 (very small: body length 22.9, hind femur length 8.03, hind femur width 2.53. furrow only with distinct lateral carinae- not connected at top),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CEDF38A2BFB1698CF241B1B2EFA83" box="[988,1079,1322,1348]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="University or college">UMMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Two additional
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169FFD241B1A5DFA83" box="[1262,1348,1322,1348]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
records are cited in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2BFB169A08247F1DCDFAAF" author="Gorochov, A. V. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[283,724,1357,1384]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="98 - 143" refId="ref49594" refString="Gorochov, A. V. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2016) New and little known Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from America. Zoosystematica Rossica, 25, 98 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2016.25.1.98" type="journal article" year="2016">Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169BD424431C07FA3F" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BD424431E1EFA4B" box="[199,263,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">DNA.</emphasis>
|
||
Nuclear F0073 (S95-48, Monteverde,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A2BFB1699D824431C50FA4A" box="[715,841,1394,1421]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and F1796 (S06-39, Metlac Canyon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A2BFB169E1024431A43FA4A" box="[1283,1370,1394,1421]" name="Mexico" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) both recovered together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2BFB169A6624A71EDEFA77" box="[373,455,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[436,1148,954,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-73@14.[433,1154,953,1494]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Coalescent-based species tree estimation using ASTRAL. Ammopelmatus clade has been collapsed. Green circles on the nodes denote 100% bootstrap support values, and the support values below 100% are shown as numbers. In samples F2004, F2152, and F2238, the species name is preceded by a “?” mark because the identity of the individual is not certain. These three samples are discussed in the text under each presumptive species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472047/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and well nested, within
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB1699F224A71C95FA77" box="[737,908,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB1699F224A71C91FA77" box="[737,904,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenopelmatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The same 2 individuals, along with F1769, also from Metlac Canyon, all recovered together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2BFB169988248B1DF9FA13" box="[667,736,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,835,859]" captionTargetBox="[435,1137,183,809]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[434,1154,179,809]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. 50% majority rule phylogram from a Bayesian analysis of concatenated mtDNA 12S and COI gene fragments for at least 16 species of Stenopelmatus. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.5 are displayed at each node, and posterior probabilities of 1.0 are denoted with green dots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472045/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) for mtDNA. To have left this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169FAD248B1A85FA13" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1214,1436,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169FAD248B1A85FA13" box="[1214,1436,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Stenopelmatopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have resulted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169A8F24EF1D26FA3F" box="[412,575,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169A8F24EF1D26FA3F" box="[412,575,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being paraphyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169BD427331ED9F9DB" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" box="[199,448,1538,1564]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BD427331E5DF9DC" box="[199,324,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Karyotype.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169BD427171E50F987" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" box="[199,329,1574,1600]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BD427171E5BF9F8" box="[199,322,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB169BD427781BACF80B" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BD427781E43F9A4" bold="true" box="[199,346,1609,1635]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Systematics.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2BFB169A72277B1D0FF9A3" author="Saussure, H. de" box="[353,534,1609,1636]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="201 - 212" refId="ref51742" refString="Saussure, H. de (1859) Orthoptera nova America. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (11), 201 - 212." type="journal article" year="1859">Saussure (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described 3 Mexican taxa, in one publication, that apparently represent the same species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169BEA275F1E4DF94F" box="[249,340,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169BEA275F1E4DF94F" box="[249,340,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on p. 210,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169ACA275F1D63F94F" box="[473,634,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichastri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169ACA275F1D63F94F" box="[473,634,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sumichastri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also on p. 210, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169874275F1B1FF940" box="[871,1030,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169874275F1B1FF940" box="[871,1030,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on p. 211. Elsewhere in this paper, we designate the names of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169AD427A31D38F96B" box="[455,545,1682,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169AD427A31D38F96B" box="[455,545,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 76, a juvenile female) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB16986927A31B00F96B" box="[890,1049,1682,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB16986927A31B00F96B" box="[890,1049,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sumichrasti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 95, a juvenile male) as
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169E5827A31FEDF908" bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
because both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A2BFB169A8B27871ECAF917" box="[408,467,1718,1744]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are subadults without precise locality data, and such action is consistent with our attempts to modernize the prior taxonomy of this genus. While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB16984F27EB1CAEF933" box="[860,951,1754,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB16984F27EB1CAEF933" box="[860,951,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has line priority if we chose to retain that ambiguous name, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A2BFB169A8327CF1ED9F8DF" box="[400,448,1790,1816]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169AFB27CF1D9FF8D0" box="[488,646,1790,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169AFB27CF1D9FF8D0" box="[488,646,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an undisputed adult female with a good
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A2BFB169F6327CF1BB9F8DF" box="[1136,1184,1790,1816]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, so we follow the suggested action of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2BFB169A8D26131D70F8FB" author="Strohecker, H. F." box="[414,617,1825,1852]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref52186" refString="Strohecker, H. F. (1945) Notes on and descriptions of Mexican Orthoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 38, 207 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 38.2.207" type="journal article" year="1945">Strohecker (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and retain only that name. Junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169F4026131BA2F8FB" box="[1107,1211,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F4026131BA2F8FB" box="[1107,1211,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">S. politus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an adult female by Walker, in 1869, from Orizaba, which, like Metlac Canyon (S06-39), is also in the Mexican state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2BFB169BA5265B1E04F843" box="[182,285,1898,1924]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Thus, from Metlac Canyon individuals, we have drums in both sexes, DNA, a small series of adults, mating observations, and habitat information which will now form the basis for further taxonomic decisions and the possibility of new species descriptions in this most widely distributed taxon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2BFB169F1826831BB7F80B" box="[1035,1198,1970,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2BFB169F1826831BB7F80B" box="[1035,1198,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2BFB179BD426E71A59FDA6" blockId="90.[151,1437,925,2032]" lastBlockId="91.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Past taxonomy in this species “complex” has been complicated by the surprising difficulty of discerning when females (and males in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB17993221A61DDAFF76" box="[545,707,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB17993221A61DDAFF76" box="[545,707,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sumichrasti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are adult and for choosing females as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A2AFB179F9F21A61BE4FF76" box="[1164,1277,151,177]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. For instance, in 1859, Saussure illustrated a supposed adult female of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179806218A1C6CFF12" box="[789,885,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179806218A1C68FF12" box="[789,881,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">S. sallei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
an error repeated in 1897, by Saussure & Pictet.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2AFB179B8421EE1E23FF3E" author="Hebard, M." box="[151,314,223,249]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="201 - 371" refId="ref49730" refString="Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 201 - 371." type="journal article" year="1932">Hebard (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2AFB179A6321EE1D23FF3E" author="Strohecker, H. F." box="[368,570,222,249]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref52186" refString="Strohecker, H. F. (1945) Notes on and descriptions of Mexican Orthoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 38, 207 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 38.2.207" type="journal article" year="1945">Strohecker (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both recognized that this female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB1798DB21EE1B38FF3E" box="[968,1057,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB1798DB21EE1B38FF3E" box="[968,1057,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an immature that would have fully developed hind wings as an adult. When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2AFB1799BA20321C4FFED9" author="Hubbell, T. H." box="[681,854,259,286]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref49981" refString="Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp." type="book" year="1960">Hubbell (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined this same female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179FA820321A0CFEDA" box="[1211,1301,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179FA820321A0CFEDA" box="[1211,1301,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he thought it an adult. In 1988 Gorochov erected his new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB1799E320161CD7FE86" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[752,974,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB1799E320161CD7FE86" box="[752,974,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Stenopelmatopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include 3 winged species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179E0C20161A60FE86" box="[1311,1401,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179E0C20161A60FE86" box="[1311,1401,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179E9420161E03FEA2" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179E9420161E03FEA2" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sumichrasti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179A46207A1EE9FEA3" box="[341,496,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179A46207A1EE9FEA3" box="[341,496,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When DBW examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A2AFB179835207A1C91FEA2" box="[806,904,331,357]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB1798B8207A1B1BFEA2" box="[939,1026,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB1798B8207A1B1BFEA2" box="[939,1026,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1999, he also thought that she was an adult female, based on her ovipositor (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2AFB17999C205E1DF7FE4E" box="[655,750,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 125" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,904,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-47@77.[249,1337,902,1517]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 125. Ovipositor (left photo) late instar lectotype female (“74”) and fore wing pad (arrow, right photo) mid-instar female (“75”). Note less developed pad in female “75” vs female “74” in Fig. 124 (Photos J. Hollier)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472210/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2AFB179806205E1C2DFE4E" box="[789,820,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="53.[151,168,1984,2010]" captionTargetBox="[155,1423,1519,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-228@53.[154,1434,1513,1959]" captionText="FIGURE 78. Lectotype adult female S. mexicanus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4475786/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">78</figureCitation>
|
||
), and placed an appropriate label. Fortunately, after examination of a good series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179ACF20A21D6EFE6B" box="[476,631,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179ACF20A21D6EFE6B" box="[476,631,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of many different instars in the collections of ANSP, UMMZ, NHMUK, and MHNG
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2AFB179A3620861E64FE16" box="[293,381,439,465]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Geneva</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we can finally clarify this situation. First, one must distinguish between the 3 taxa (
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179E2C20861E61FE32" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179E2C20861FFFFE33" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceiventris">S. piceiventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179BE220EA1E6DFE32" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[241,372,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanfelipe">S. sanfelipe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179ABE20EA1D06FE32" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[429,543,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179ABE20EA1D06FE32" box="[429,543,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. chiapas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with micropterous fore wings (and no hind wing) versus subadult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179B8420CE1E2CFDDF" box="[151,309,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179B8420CE1E2CFDDF" box="[151,309,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have pad-like tegmina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2AFB17996B20CE1DFBFDDE" box="[632,738,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="77.[151,250,818,842]" captionTargetBox="[237,1357,181,791]" captionTargetId="figure-19@77.[231,1357,181,794]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 124. Lectotype S. sallei showing (left photo) slight furrow (arrow), and obvious (right photo) wing pad (arrow) (Photos J. Hollier)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472208/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2AFB17981B20CF1C2AFDDE" box="[776,819,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 125" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,904,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-47@77.[249,1337,902,1517]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 125. Ovipositor (left photo) late instar lectotype female (“74”) and fore wing pad (arrow, right photo) mid-instar female (“75”). Note less developed pad in female “75” vs female “74” in Fig. 124 (Photos J. Hollier)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472210/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">125</figureCitation>
|
||
) in earlier instars, but which also have hind wing pads under those pad-like tegmina (confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB17998723121DF7FDFA" box="[660,750,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB17998723121DF7FDFA" box="[660,750,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see p. 76). Second, once
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179F0423121BADFDFB" box="[1047,1204,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179F0423121BADFDFB" box="[1047,1204,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches penultimate and last instar, then these hind wing pads are clearly visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2AFB17985323761C86FDA6" box="[832,927,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 154" captionStartId="92.[151,250,819,843]" captionTargetBox="[490,1096,181,795]" captionTargetId="figure-21@92.[490,1096,181,795]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 154. Probable last instar S. sartorianus (head toward top) from La Libertad, Guatemala, clearly demonstrating bilateral tegmina pads (blue arrows) partially lying over hind wing pads (red arrows). Note attachment points (yellow arrows) of all four pads to body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472257/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
|
||
) without the need to lift the tegmina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A2AFB179B8426591C1AF80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472255/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" startId="91.[151,250,1896,1920]" targetBox="[224,1364,631,1854]" targetPageId="91">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2AFB179B8426591C1AF80E" blockId="91.[151,1437,1896,1993]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179B8426591E34F847" bold="true" box="[151,301,1896,1920]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 153.</emphasis>
|
||
Maturation in ovipositor of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB17995E26581DFBF847" box="[589,738,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB17995E26581DC7F847" box="[589,734,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Ovipositor of lectotype mid-late instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179F8126581BFDF846" box="[1170,1252,1897,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179F8126581BBCF847" box="[1170,1189,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sallei
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B. ovipositor last instar, based on hind wing development (see Fig. 154),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB1799D626BC1C4AF863" box="[709,851,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB1799D626BC1C4AF863" box="[709,851,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Guatemala, La Libertad); C. ovipositor of adult holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2AFB179B8426801E34F80F" box="[151,301,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2AFB179B8426801E30F80F" box="[151,297,1969,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Note upturned (arrow) distal portion on adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A2DFB109B8422021E56FC54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472257/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" startId="92.[151,250,819,843]" targetBox="[490,1096,181,795]" targetPageId="92">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2DFB109B8422021E56FC54" blockId="92.[151,1436,819,915]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109B8422021E34FC8C" bold="true" box="[151,301,819,843]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 154.</emphasis>
|
||
Probable last instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2DFB109AEE22051D92FC8C" box="[509,651,820,843]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109AEE22051D92FC8C" box="[509,651,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(head toward top) from La Libertad, Guatemala, clearly demonstrating bilateral tegmina pads (blue arrows) partially lying over hind wing pads (red arrows). Note attachment points (yellow arrows) of all four pads to body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2DFB109BD422F01C11FA13" blockId="92.[151,1437,961,2032]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109BD422F01D56FC1B" bold="true" box="[199,591,961,988]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Flight attempts of winged adults</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB10994D22F01C23FC1B" bold="true" box="[606,826,961,988]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Winged adult male</emphasis>
|
||
(S06-39). Observations made at 14 and 44 days after molt to adult, to ensure not teneral. Made under red and incandescent light. Male moved extremely fast, antennae always in motion, perhaps a wasp mimic? He was able to jump almost
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2DFB1098A625381CE3FBE3" box="[949,1018,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
|
||
laterally, without using wings. DBW threw him into air several times and although he clearly spread both his tegmina and hind wings, and maybe fluttered them a little, he still fell straight down onto padded surface. But outstretched wings might have slowed the rate of his descent. Blowing onto his face had no effect nor did he raise his wings when provoked. If he was up in a tree (postulated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2DFB109A2C25AB1D8DFB73" author="Weissman, D. B. & Lightfoot, D. C." box="[319,660,1177,1204]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="22 - 29" refId="ref52823" refString="Weissman, D. B. & Lightfoot, D. C. (2007) Techniques for the field capture and captive rearing of North American Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae). Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute 2007 Invertebrates in Captivity Conference, 2007, pp. 22 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Weissman & Lightfoot [2007]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2DFB10987F25AB1A33FB73" author="Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J. & Riveron, A. Z." box="[876,1322,1177,1204]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref49644" refString="Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J. & Riveron, A. Z. (2018) Los cara de nino (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatidae, Stenopelmatinae): insectos inofensivos pero con muy mala reputacion. Boletin de la Asociacion Mexicana de Sistematica de Artropodos, 2, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="2018">Gutiérrez-Rodríguez & Riverón [2018]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), jumping would be a good escape mechanism.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109956258C1C21FB1F" bold="true" box="[581,824,1213,1240]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Winged adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(S06-39): Jumped readily when disturbed or reached edge of desk. Could see her “cock” her rear legs and then spring. On flat surface, jumps exceeded
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2DFB109E1025D01A57FB3B" box="[1283,1358,1249,1276]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
. When jumped off edge of desk, she extended wings as “parachutes” but still fell straight down. No flapping seen. Similar behavior if thrown into air. Another time, jumped from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2DFB109801241B1C40FA83" box="[786,857,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
above surface and landed a good
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D38A2DFB109FF3241B1A3EFA83" box="[1248,1319,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
away. We conclude that while neither sex can fly, their wings could slow descent if they jump from a high elevation to escape a predator. Wings apparently not used to startle a predator. In any case, there must be a good reason to have such wings when residing deep inside logs during the daytime. We also never saw any fanning during courtship (see below) as might occur should the adults be releasing pheromones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2DFB119BD424EC1E50FEA2" blockId="92.[151,1437,961,2032]" lastBlockId="93.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109BD424EC1E7BFA30" bold="true" box="[199,354,1501,1527]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mating trials</emphasis>
|
||
. Virgin adults, both individuals having molted to adult shortly after capture, from Metlac Canyon (S06-39),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A2DFB109A1B27331E76F9DB" box="[264,367,1538,1564]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, were enclosed together on
|
||
<date id="FFB353F68A2DFB1099B627301C35F9DC" box="[677,812,1537,1563]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="2006-07-19">19-vii-2006</date>
|
||
, initially under incandescent light. While the basic mating details are the same as discussed and documented, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2DFB10983F27171CC0F987" box="[812,985,1574,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB10983F27171CC0F987" box="[812,985,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Ammopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2DFB109F3E27171A1BF986" author="Weissman, D. B." box="[1069,1282,1574,1601]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="351 - 373" refId="ref52692" refString="Weissman, D. B. (2001 b) Communication and reproductive behaviour in North American Jerusalem crickets (Stenopelmatus) (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets, and Their Allies. CAB International, New York, pp. 351 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0351" type="book chapter" year="2001">Weissman (2001b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2DFB109E1D27171E11F9A3" author="Weissman, D. B. & Judge, K. A. & Williams, S. C. & Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F." pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="321 - 332" refId="ref52876" refString="Weissman, D. B., Judge, K. A., Williams, S. C., Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F. (2008) Small-male mating advantage in a species of Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae: Stenopelmatus). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17, 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 - 17.2.321" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Weissman
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109E9B27171FADF9A3" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and filmed in 4K video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHbwC-AIyTE), there are similarities and differences worth noting because this is the first time we have documented mating in
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109F45275F1A18F94F" box="[1110,1281,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2DFB109F45275F1BE4F94F" box="[1110,1277,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenopelmatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Four minutes after being placed together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109ACA27A31D25F96B" box="[473,572,1681,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 155" captionStartId="93.[151,250,944,968]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,381,907]" captionTargetId="figure-117@93.[156,1432,378,918]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 155. Left photo - getting acquainted, male on left. Right photo – maneuvering into position, male, on right, biting (arrow) female’s left hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472259/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 155</figureCitation>
|
||
), the male approached the female and touched her antennae with his antennae. One minute later, the female tremulated (moved her abdomen up and down without striking the substrate) and moved closer to the male. We then switched from incandescent to red light. At 29 minutes, the female tremulated and performed audible abdominal-femoral stridulation. The male tremulated but no stridulation was heard. At 33 minutes, the male quickly got into a “bite-back” position, biting the female’s left rear leg tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109FC626131A2EF8FB" box="[1237,1335,1825,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 155" captionStartId="93.[151,250,944,968]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,381,907]" captionTargetId="figure-117@93.[156,1432,378,918]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 155. Left photo - getting acquainted, male on left. Right photo – maneuvering into position, male, on right, biting (arrow) female’s left hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472259/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 155</figureCitation>
|
||
), curling his abdomen toward the female’s genitalia while extruding his internal genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109F2126771B8CF8A7" box="[1074,1173,1861,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 156" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[371,1215,1029,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-147@93.[370,1217,1029,1525]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 156. Left photo – male (on right), now biting female’s left hind tarsi, almost into full “bite-back” position, with his internal genitalia (arrow) extruded. Right photo – male (on right) passing white spermatophore (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472261/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 156</figureCitation>
|
||
), until he could anchor his hooks and quickly pass a spermatophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109980265B1DECF843" box="[659,757,1897,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 156" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[371,1215,1029,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-147@93.[370,1217,1029,1525]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 156. Left photo – male (on right), now biting female’s left hind tarsi, almost into full “bite-back” position, with his internal genitalia (arrow) extruded. Right photo – male (on right) passing white spermatophore (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472261/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 156</figureCitation>
|
||
). Note absence of any obvious, clear spermatophylax, which is normally easily visible in a mating involving a virgin male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2DFB10985B26BF1CECF86F" box="[840,1013,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB10985B26BF1CECF86F" box="[840,1013,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Ammopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109F3C26BF1B60F86F" box="[1071,1145,1934,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[527,1056,179,777]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[520,1067,179,783]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of New World Jerusalem crickets, including single records (blue dots) from the Mexican state of Sonora and Panama. Not shown is the single South American Ecuador locality, discussed on p. 37." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472035/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 1j</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2DFB109F8F26BF1A88F86F" author="Weissman, D. B. & Judge, K. A. & Williams, S. C. & Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F." box="[1180,1425,1934,1960]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="321 - 332" refId="ref52876" refString="Weissman, D. B., Judge, K. A., Williams, S. C., Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F. (2008) Small-male mating advantage in a species of Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae: Stenopelmatus). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17, 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 - 17.2.321" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Weissman
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109E0626BF1A54F86F" box="[1301,1357,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They stayed adjacent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2DFB109A8226831EE9F80B" box="[401,496,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 157" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[276,1311,185,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-21@94.[276,1311,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 157. Left photo – Mating completed with male (upper) completely decoupled from female – note bilobed spermatophore with ovipositor (arrow) separating the halves. Bottom photo – female with visible spermatophore (arrow) which quickly accumulated substrate sand (top right photo) as she walked around. Note tip of ovipositor (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472263/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 157</figureCitation>
|
||
) for 2 minutes and then separated. Yet within 30 seconds, the male was again “onto” the female, a situation never seen in some 90 matings involving various species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2DFB109F5526E71BE3F837" box="[1094,1274,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2DFB109F5526E71BEFF837" box="[1094,1270,2006,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ammopelmatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Over the next 10 minutes, this male repeatedly showed interest in the female by approaching her, rolling onto his side, biting her, and trying to physically get her to engage with him. She showed no interest, kicking him off several times. Such a refractory period is typically seen in just-mated female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2CFB11981621EE1CABFF3E" box="[773,946,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2CFB11981621EE1CABFF3E" box="[773,946,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Ammopelmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At 11 minutes post coitus, the male ceased his sexual aggressiveness. Around that time, the female curled her abdomen 3 times, in 5 minutes, as if trying to get to the spermatophore. She never succeeded and the sticky spermatophore quickly accumulated a layer of substrate sand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133669B38A2CFB119BC9207A1E25FEA2" box="[218,316,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 157" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[276,1311,185,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-21@94.[276,1311,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 157. Left photo – Mating completed with male (upper) completely decoupled from female – note bilobed spermatophore with ovipositor (arrow) separating the halves. Bottom photo – female with visible spermatophore (arrow) which quickly accumulated substrate sand (top right photo) as she walked around. Note tip of ovipositor (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472263/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 157</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A2CFB119B8422811ECCFC2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472259/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" startId="93.[151,250,944,968]" targetBox="[156,1429,381,907]" targetPageId="93">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2CFB119B8422811ECCFC2A" blockId="93.[151,1436,944,1005]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2CFB119B8422811E37FC0F" bold="true" box="[151,302,944,968]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 155.</emphasis>
|
||
Left photo - getting acquainted, male on left. Right photo – maneuvering into position, male, on right, biting (arrow) female’s left hind tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7225BE8A2CFB119B84273D1BA8F98E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4472261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472261/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" startId="93.[151,250,1548,1572]" targetBox="[371,1215,1029,1525]" targetPageId="93">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2CFB119B84273D1BA8F98E" blockId="93.[151,1437,1548,1609]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2CFB119B84273D1E37F9E3" bold="true" box="[151,302,1548,1572]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 156.</emphasis>
|
||
Left photo – male (on right), now biting female’s left hind tarsi, almost into full “bite-back” position, with his internal genitalia (arrow) extruded. Right photo – male (on right) passing white spermatophore (arrow).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2CFB119BD427431EF1F8A3" blockId="93.[151,1437,1649,2035]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Four months later, this now once mated male was enclosed with a second virgin adult female from S06-39. While there was no consummation, the male made 2 novel motions not seen in his previous mating or in any previous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2CFB119BD727881E66F914" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[196,383,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenopelmatinae">Stenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
pairing: (1) a silent, oscillating back and forth motion, along his long body axis, and (2) a rapid “shivering” motion that was faster than (1) and with less total body movement than (1). Whether these unique body movements are widespread in this species is unknown given our small sample size. We also don’t know if such motions are ancient, or recently derived, within this group, although we subsequently saw oscillations, as described in (1) above, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2CFB119A3F267B1E96F8A4" authorityName="Weissman & Vandergast & Song & Shin & Mckenna & Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[300,399,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perote">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2CFB119A3F267B1E96F8A4" box="[300,399,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. perote</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 69).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB275368A2CFB119BD4265C1E97F834" blockId="93.[151,1437,1649,2035]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A2CFB119BD4265C1ED6F84F" author="Weissman, D. B. & Judge, K. A. & Williams, S. C. & Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F." box="[199,463,1901,1928]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="321 - 332" refId="ref52876" refString="Weissman, D. B., Judge, K. A., Williams, S. C., Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F. (2008) Small-male mating advantage in a species of Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae: Stenopelmatus). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17, 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 - 17.2.321" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Weissman
|
||
<emphasis id="B979A9248A2CFB119A51265F1E65F840" box="[322,380,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted how “the [bite-back] positions assumed during copulation are so characteristic and unique [in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A2CFB119A7426A01D3CF86B" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[359,549,1937,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenopelmatinae">Stenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
] that they may be used, perhaps for the first time, to delimit an entire subfamily of insects.” It will be interesting to see if members of the other two extant Jerusalem cricket subfamilies use such a bite-back mechanism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |