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<document id="98F0390E04877D97F082C07D208400E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="296804" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5453.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="035c358a-0715-41a2-a6c9-27ebad4ea273" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11234163" ID-ZooBank="8B91667E-638D-4F5C-8A83-A806474228DF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1716283219233" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Avendaño, José Mauricio, Correia, Maíra Andrade, Grazia, Jocelia &amp; Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens" docDate="2024" docId="03A1DE61FFE6FFC3FF247E67FB2247E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5453.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5453 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5453.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyrtomenus Amyot &amp; Serville" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="317" masterDocId="FF98A619FFE9FFD3FFB37D5DFFCD452B" masterDocTitle="Review and phylogeny of Cyrtomenus Amyot &amp; Serville (Hemiptera: Cydnidae: Cydninae) based on morphological characters" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1716556994584" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="10BC972D4FE51CBC7FCEFDC851AD3AC4">Review and phylogeny of Cyrtomenus Amyot &amp; Serville (Hemiptera: Cydnidae: Cydninae) based on morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="763DC83280691D3A157878FAD7B9E198">Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="57BA2EFC8C50B66A9764BA901C8C3B7A">Laboratorio de Entomologia Sistemática. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFF247E67FDC1467F" ID-CoL="3YY4" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" box="[151,524,826,852]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF247E67FEE7467F" bold="true" box="[151,298,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Cyrtomenus</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
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<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF247E03FEED4652" blockId="15.[151,524,826,889]" box="[151,288,862,889]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
(
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFE6FFDCFF2C7E03FED54652" box="[159,280,862,889]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStart-3="FIGURE 12" captionStart-4="FIGURE 13" captionStart-5="FIGURE 14" captionStart-6="FIGURE 15" captionStart-7="FIGURE 16" captionStart-8="FIGURE 17" captionStart-9="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="21.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,250,1895,1919]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-4="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-5="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionStartId-6="32.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-7="33.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-8="35.[151,250,2011,2035]" captionStartId-9="36.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1418,182,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-3="[202,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[178,1409,194,1919]" captionTargetBox-5="[173,1436,182,1914]" captionTargetBox-6="[171,1416,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-7="[216,1409,203,1919]" captionTargetBox-8="[181,1430,181,1987]" captionTargetBox-9="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@21.[168,1418,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@22.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetId-2="figure-29@24.[173,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@25.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure-20@27.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-5="figure-29@30.[151,1436,181,1917]" captionTargetId-6="figure-29@32.[171,1416,181,1919]" captionTargetId-7="figure-20@33.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-8="figure-20@35.[158,1430,181,1987]" captionTargetId-9="figure-29@36.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="27" captionTargetPageId-5="30" captionTargetPageId-6="32" captionTargetPageId-7="33" captionTargetPageId-8="35" captionTargetPageId-9="36" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Distribution map of C. mirabilis." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. C. mirabilis: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Distribution map of C. ciliatus, C. crassus and C. teter." captionText-3="FIGURE 12. C. ciliatus: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 13. C. crassus: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatoria; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 14. C. teter: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 15. Distribution map of C. emarginatus and C. grossus." captionText-7="FIGURE 16. C. emarginatus: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-8="FIGURE 17. C. grossus: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-9="FIGURE 18. C. marginalis: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) lateral view (Photos by Harald Bruckner). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234191" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234195" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234199" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234203" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234207" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234211" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234215" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234217" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234219" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234221" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11234191/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11234195/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11234199/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11234203/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11234207/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11234211/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/11234215/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/11234217/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/11234219/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/11234221/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figs. 9–18</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF247EC0FBB246F8" blockId="15.[151,1437,924,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB184859FFE6FFDCFF247EC0FBB246F8" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFF247EC0FDFD469F" ID-CoL="3YY4" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 90" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,560,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF247EC0FEDC469F" box="[151,273,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Cyrtomenus</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 90
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA94966FFE6FFDCFD897EC1FCDA469F" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[570,791,924,948]" page="514" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF991286FFE6FFDCFD897EC1FCDA469F" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[570,791,924,948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="337 - 680" refId="ref25690" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337" type="journal article" year="1960">Froeschner 1960: 514</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 525.
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species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFC6C7EC0FA50469F" authority="Palisot de Beauvois, 1805" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1805" box="[991,1437,924,948]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFC6C7EC0FB5E469F" box="[991,1171,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Pentatoma ciliata</emphasis>
Palisot de Beauvois, 1805
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFF6D7EE6FD0C46F8" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[222,705,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF6D7EE6FE0E46F8" box="[222,451,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Cyrtomenus castaneus</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843
</taxonomicName>
); subsequent designation by Kirkaldy 1903.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF247E87FCDB413B" blockId="15.[151,1437,924,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB184859FFE6FFDCFF247E87FCDB413B" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFF247E87FE4746D9" authority="Signoret, 1879" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,394,986,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Syllobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF247E87FF2046D9" box="[151,237,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Syllobus</emphasis>
Signoret, 1879
</taxonomicName>
: CLXXII;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA94966FFE6FFDCFE457E87FD1E46DA" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[502,723,985,1010]" page="514" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF991286FFE6FFDCFE457E87FD1E46DA" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[502,723,985,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="337 - 680" refId="ref25690" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337" type="journal article" year="1960">Froeschner 1960: 514</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 517.
<typeStatus id="54B3D1D5FFE6FFDCFCBC7E87FC8C46D9" box="[783,833,986,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFC2F7E87FAC446D9" authority="Stal, 1862" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[924,1289,985,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFC2F7E87FB5746DA" box="[924,1178,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Cyrtomenus emarginatus</emphasis>
Stål, 1862
</taxonomicName>
; by monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFE6FFDCFE3F7EA4FDCB413B" ID-CoL="3YY4" box="[396,518,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFE3F7EA4FDCB413B" box="[396,518,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Cyrtomenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="0AA94966FFE6FFDCFD9E7EA5FCDF413B" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[557,786,1016,1040]" page="514" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF991286FFE6FFDCFD9E7EA5FCDF413B" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[557,786,1016,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="337 - 680" refId="ref25690" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337" type="journal article" year="1960">Froeschner, 1960: 514</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3123CFCFFE6FFDCFF247965FE52415D" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF247965FE52415D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF247965FED94179" bold="true" box="[151,276,1080,1106]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The apex of the protibia truncated and the apex of the mesotibia compressed, separates the genus from others in the subfamily.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123CFCFFE6FFC3FF7479DDFBF74732" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF7479DDFAD141B1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" box="[199,1308,1152,1178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFE6FFDCFF7479DDFEB841B1" bold="true" box="[199,373,1152,1178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Redescription.</emphasis>
Body oval, length 6.4 to
<quantity id="4CF0C292FFE6FFDCFD2279DDFD2F41B1" box="[657,738,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, uniformly red-brownish to black, dorsum convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF7479F9FCDD4059" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Head: flat to convex dorsally; mandibular plates from equal to longer than clypeus, rounded marginally or triangularly produced, surface rugose, finely punctate or smooth and with a submarginal complete row of secondary setigerous punctures each bearing a single hair-like setae; clypeus narrowed apically, surface rugose to punctate; eyes variable, projecting half of their width; ocelli present, well developed; antennae 5-segmented; bucculae lower to slightly higher than labial segment II, latter compressed without semicircular foliaceous lobe; labium variable in size, reaching between middle coxae and abdomen base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF747821FC0F4209" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Thorax: Anterior margin of the pronotum moderately emarginated, submargin punctured without impressed line, anterior pronotal lobe smooth to densely punctured, transverse impression marked variable, posterior lobe impunctate to densely covered with fine punctures. Lateral margins carinate, submarginal row of 6 to 25 setigerous punctures, posterior margin rounded. Propleuron polished to sparsely punctate. Scutellum disc with widely, irregularly scattered fine or coarse punctures, apex projected with apical edge rounded, distinctly less than half as wide as membranal suture. Hemelytron polished, punctured, with corial areas well defined, costa with 0 to 22 setigerous punctures, clavus usually with single row of punctures; membranal suture straight. Evaporatorium sometimes interrupted by transverse polished band extending from anterolateral area (pseudoperitreme), peritreme conspicuous, abruptly terminated not showing any kind of expansion or lobe, areas surrounding evaporatorium polished and impunctated. Protibia moderately compressed and modified, femora compressed, metatibia strongly compressed, curved, with rows of spines restricted to dorsal and ventral margin, spines of posteroventral margin much longer and more slender than those of dorsal margin, tarsi present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF747A71FAFA426D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" box="[199,1335,1836,1862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Abdomen: Sternites III to VI polished, with or without rows of setigerous punctures across segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFE6FFDCFF747A0DFD6C42D1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1080,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFE6FFDCFECD7A0DFE354241" box="[382,504,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[257,1333,187,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[245,1341,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia: ((A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus teter (Spinola, 1837); (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862—pygophore dorsal: (G) Ectinopus rugoscutum Signoret 1881b; (H) Microporus obliquus Uhler, 1872; (I) Rhytidoporus indentatus Uhler, 1877; (J) C. mirabilis (Perty, 1830)—phallus dorsal: (K) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (L) C. crassus Walker, 1867; (M) Prolobodes giganteus—phallus Lateral: (N) C. mirabilis; (O) C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)—left paramere: (P) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (Q) Prolobodes giganteus (Photo by María Cristina Mayorga); (R) C. ciliatus; (S) C. mirabilis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234179/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
): Genital capsule globose and simple, apical margin straight, dorsal rim sinuate; parameres dorso-ventrally compressed, apex rounded and broad (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFE6FFDCFC367A29FC3242A5" box="[901,1023,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[257,1333,187,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[245,1341,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia: ((A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus teter (Spinola, 1837); (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862—pygophore dorsal: (G) Ectinopus rugoscutum Signoret 1881b; (H) Microporus obliquus Uhler, 1872; (I) Rhytidoporus indentatus Uhler, 1877; (J) C. mirabilis (Perty, 1830)—phallus dorsal: (K) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (L) C. crassus Walker, 1867; (M) Prolobodes giganteus—phallus Lateral: (N) C. mirabilis; (O) C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)—left paramere: (P) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (Q) Prolobodes giganteus (Photo by María Cristina Mayorga); (R) C. ciliatus; (S) C. mirabilis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234179/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
): phallotheca tubular, dorsal margin longer than ventral margin, only the second conjunctival appendage present, bilobate and sclerotized, processus capitati mushroom-like (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFE6FFDCFE197AE1FDCD42FD" box="[426,512,1980,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[257,1333,187,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[245,1341,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia: ((A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus teter (Spinola, 1837); (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862—pygophore dorsal: (G) Ectinopus rugoscutum Signoret 1881b; (H) Microporus obliquus Uhler, 1872; (I) Rhytidoporus indentatus Uhler, 1877; (J) C. mirabilis (Perty, 1830)—phallus dorsal: (K) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (L) C. crassus Walker, 1867; (M) Prolobodes giganteus—phallus Lateral: (N) C. mirabilis; (O) C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)—left paramere: (P) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (Q) Prolobodes giganteus (Photo by María Cristina Mayorga); (R) C. ciliatus; (S) C. mirabilis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234179/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
), vesica longer than ejaculatory reservoir, processus vesicae as long as vesica, both projected outside the phallotheca (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFE6FFDCFDAB7ABDFD5E42D1" box="[536,659,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[257,1333,187,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[245,1341,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia: ((A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus teter (Spinola, 1837); (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862—pygophore dorsal: (G) Ectinopus rugoscutum Signoret 1881b; (H) Microporus obliquus Uhler, 1872; (I) Rhytidoporus indentatus Uhler, 1877; (J) C. mirabilis (Perty, 1830)—phallus dorsal: (K) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (L) C. crassus Walker, 1867; (M) Prolobodes giganteus—phallus Lateral: (N) C. mirabilis; (O) C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)—left paramere: (P) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (Q) Prolobodes giganteus (Photo by María Cristina Mayorga); (R) C. ciliatus; (S) C. mirabilis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234179/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Fig. 6N, O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFF9FFC3FF747DCAFBF74732" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFF9FFC3FE2B7DCAFDDB459A" box="[408,534,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,885,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-213@8.[245,1341,885,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female genitalia: (A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus crassus Walker, 1867; (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862; (G) C. grossus Dallas, 1851; (H) C. Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty, 1830); (I) C. teter (Spinola, 1837)—spermatheca: (J) Prolobodes giganteus; (K) C. mirabilis; (L) Tominotus laeviculus (Berg, 1879). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234177/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 5 E–I</figureCitation>
): Laterotergites VIII with two setigerous punctures, fused medially by a very narrow section, about twice the size of laterotergites IX, latter punctate with two to three setigerous punctures, triangular; segment X semicircular, rugose and entire; gonocoxite IX punctate, divided medially, bases not visible externally; gonocoxites VIII smooth with fine scattered punctures, larger than laterotergites VIII, posterior margin outline straight. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFF9FFC3FE597C7AFD8E446A" box="[490,579,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,885,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-213@8.[245,1341,885,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female genitalia: (A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus crassus Walker, 1867; (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862; (G) C. grossus Dallas, 1851; (H) C. Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty, 1830); (I) C. teter (Spinola, 1837)—spermatheca: (J) Prolobodes giganteus; (K) C. mirabilis; (L) Tominotus laeviculus (Berg, 1879). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234177/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
): seminal receptacle sclerotized and pigmented, spherical, connected by basal neck-like duct. Intermediate part long, delimited apically and proximally by two cuticular, well-developed flanges, the area between the flanges sclerotized and pigmented as the receptacle, flexible zone basal. Spermathecal duct short, distal duct twice length of intermediate part, and proximal duct almost as long as intermediate part, dilation spherical with a strongly pigmented central core, latter surrounded by a thick wall of tissue (intima) with external layer translucent and internal pigmented and serrated, spermathecal opening not sclerotized. Ring sclerites present, always associated with a pair of lateral vaginal pouches more or less differentiated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123CFCFFF9FFC3FF747F7FFE78474A" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFF9FFC3FF747F7FFE78474A" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFF9FFC3FF747F7FFEAE4717" bold="true" box="[199,355,546,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Distribution:</emphasis>
Restricted to Western Hemisphere where the included species range from the eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31F2FE7FFF9FFC3FAE37F7EFF17474A" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">United States</collectingCountry>
through
<collectingCountry id="F31F2FE7FFF9FFC3FE8D7F1AFE7C474A" box="[318,433,583,609]" name="Argentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123CFCFFF9FFC3FF747F37FB2247E6" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB76F77FFF9FFC3FF747F37FB2247E6" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFF9FFC3FF747F37FE9F47AF" bold="true" box="[199,338,618,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Comments:</emphasis>
According to the phylogenetic analysis, the internal classification into two subgenera within
<taxonomicName id="4C0814F4FFF9FFC3FF247FD2FED34782" box="[151,286,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" genus="Cyrtomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CB365FFF9FFC3FF247FD2FED34782" box="[151,286,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Cyrtomenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF991286FFF9FFC3FE607FD2FD6C4782" author="Froeschner, R. C." box="[467,673,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="337 - 680" refId="ref25690" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337 - 680. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.111 - 3430.337" type="journal article" year="1960">Froeschner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
was not supported, and not maintained in this work. The species are arranged following the phylogenetic hypothesis hypothesis obtained from tree under IW (
<figureCitation id="133373F2FFF9FFC3FB327FEEFB2F47E6" box="[1153,1250,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,207,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Most parsimonious trees under equal weights (A) and implied weoghts (B), with GC/relative Bremer support values showed above branches. The characters were mapped in the phylogenetic trees using unambiguous optimization; white dots correspondis to homoplastic characters (characters with states occurring in two or more clades), and black dots corresponds to non-homoplastic characters (state unique for the clade). Numbers below each branch represents GC/Relative Bremer; -indicates no support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11234183/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">FIG. 7B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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