176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="1752B92D865EAC7A8851C29A01D92165" ID-CLB-Dataset="5843" ID-DOI="10.1206/3908.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fc56743-3f64-4d91-9433-d5fe41fd7d1d" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598569" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615482533448" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A., Sunderlin, David, Aaroe, Georgene A., Dempsky, Michelle R., Parker, Nancy E., Tillery, George Q., White, Jaclyn G., Barden, Phillip, Nascimbene, Paul C. & Williams, Christopher J." docDate="2018" docId="03A187BFFF902F3BA86742515386FA7B" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2018.3908.1-37.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2018 (3908)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3908.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Formicidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF98FFC7FF8B2F20AA7C43405143FF90" masterDocTitle="Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698933204900" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="76FDFE3AE8A8B2853ECC8A49CE9FF3F8">Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="319F94EC50334C59D75CAA79C16E5A6E">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B006E07DD25493F852EADD3D8C3365BB">Sunderlin, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="349300384615D4FF2E0377DF617837DC">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D8B59A12BD950324FCD49A84C978032">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCFED74840A6EBD547D89BACBE930B90">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EC13EA6BAC29A78D37C54A73855574D6">Tillery, George Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB331A447FDB7158A3D00492A399CE01">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="22132A99D1B3A12AF0C4646754800DD9">White, Jaclyn G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7085FF68260E7663E31E8C7BAB37C56">Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA7951B95BE6CB050AC7206B64013D3B">Barden, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9257B2D2FC898A50DE1FF977D3934E73">Department of Biology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0BE0CFB38218A225FBFA3D28DDB19F8A">Nascimbene, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FEB9702DD60D55F84DC8252B8CC3A10D">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="433743E40F1C7CA72AEF02FF65959057">Williams, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72FB48CA613CDA16073BD3786E8A1CD8">Department of Earth & Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C967C8580B6D5B76DDE1094DADABA8F2">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3416D0882A8190C5CB6A31FD79DA56A1">
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<mods:date id="D582F634175368A3B516EF029D877C8C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="609BEF9370A0ADF375CA99DE13B25EBA">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD3F4F85F18B86A4733155517EB41DCD">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A187BFFF902F3BA86742515386FA7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598241" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187BFFF902F3BA86742515386FA7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187BFFF902F3BA86742515386FA7B" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BA8674251524EFEBB" ID-CoL="623T5" authority="(ANTS)" baseAuthorityName="ANTS" box="[539,781,273,299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">FORMICIDAE (ANTS)</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF902F3BA83D420153A4FECB" blockId="27.[577,743,321,347]" box="[577,743,321,347]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0FF81C5FF902F3BA83D420153A4FECB" box="[577,743,321,347]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13332A2CFF902F3BA83D420153EEFECB" box="[577,685,321,347]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[108,149,1617,1638]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[108,1212,224,1590]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. Worker of ant (Formicidae: Formicinae), AMNH WH-1. A. Lateral habitus. B. Oblique frontal habitus. C. Oblique frontal view of head, showing mandibles and dentition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598591/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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A−C
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF902F3BAAE042325034FCB7" blockId="27.[107,1215,369,1516]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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AMNH WH-1: A single worker ant specimen, approximately
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<quantity id="4CF09B4CFF902F3BA938423152DAFE1C" box="[836,921,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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total body length (excluding antennae), attributable to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BA83242D75392FE21" box="[590,721,407,433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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. The acidopore, a primary diagnostic feature of formicine ants, appears faintly visible as a circular opening at the terminus of the abdomen. The petiole—a waistlike segment separating the trunk and gaster—is conspicuously scale shaped, with its dorsal margin reaching the same approximate height as the propodeum, a syndrome found in multiple extant and fossil formicine genera. Specimen WH-1 is heavily desiccated and partially disarticulated, making precise placement difficult. Nevertheless, the specimen clearly does not fit into any currently described genus of formicine, in particular due to its widely spaced mandibular dentition and shortened antennal scape (figs. 9B, C). The isolated antenna of another ant specimen, in piece GC-A4 (fig. 14E), has different segmental proportions than the formicine above, indicating the existence of another ant species in this amber. Very little can be determined taxonomically on the basis of an antenna.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736A9FF902F3BAAE040715386FA7B" blockId="27.[107,1215,369,1516]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BAB364071508EFCDB" box="[330,461,817,843]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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is presently distributed worldwide, and fossils are similarly cosmopolitan. In total, 196 fossil formicine species are described, comprising 43 genera from 44 localities across North America, Europe, Asia, and
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<collectingCountry id="F31F7639FF902F3BA8BB403D5227FC06" box="[711,868,892,919]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BA909403C5555FC06" author="Barden, P." box="[885,1046,892,918]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref12093" refString="Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2017">Barden, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Potentially a result of high sampling bias (nearly 13,000 ant inclusions were utilized in a recent analysis of ant species richness [
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BAB4A40875335FC71" author="Penney, D. & R. F. Preziosi" box="[310,630,966,993]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="927 - 929" refId="ref14521" refString="Penney, D., and R. F. Preziosi. 2014. Estimating fossil ant species richness in Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 927 - 929." type="journal article" year="2014">Penney and Preziosi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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]), nearly 40 formicine species are described from Baltic amber, the greatest of any deposit. The Chickaloon amber species has not yet been formally described, however, it may represent a stem relative of the primarily Palearctic and Nearctic tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BAA104777519EFBC1" box="[108,221,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
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or the cosmopolitan tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BA8754777531BFBC1" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[521,600,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
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, based on current understanding of relationships (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BAA10471C5005FBE6" author="Lapolla, J. S. & S. G. Brady & S. O. Shattuck" box="[108,326,1116,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="118 - 131" refId="ref13740" refString="Lapolla, J. S., S. G. Brady, and S. O. Shattuck. 2010. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118 - 131." type="journal article" year="2010">Lapolla et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BAB2D471C5356FBE7" author="Ward, P. S. & B. B. Blaimer & B. L. Fisher" box="[337,533,1116,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref16051" refString="Ward, P. S., B. B. Blaimer, and B. B. and B. L. Fisher. 2016. A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex. Zootaxa 4072: 343 - 357." type="journal article" year="2016">Ward et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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)—both represented in the fossil record, including in Baltic amber. This preliminary diagnosis is based on the large circular propodeal spiracle, gradually sloping mesonotum, 5:4 palpomere formula, and mandibular shape. Interestingly, this new specimen is contemporaneous with formicine ants described from Fushun amber (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BA99E478C552EFB76" author="Hong, Y." box="[994,1133,1228,1254]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref13307" refString="Hong, Y. 2002. Amber insects of China. Beijing: Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House." type="book" year="2002">Hong, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), making it, along with its counterparts in Asia, the oldest formicines known following
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BA98247B255FFFA9B" authorityName="Grimaldi & Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[1022,1212,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neffi">
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<emphasis id="B97CEABBFF902F3BA98247B255FFFA9B" box="[1022,1212,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kyromyrma neffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Turonian-aged New Jersey amber (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BA8654657520CFAA1" author="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D." box="[537,847,1303,1329]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="13678 - 13683" refId="ref12875" refString="Grimaldi, D., and D. Agosti, D. 2000. A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 13678 - 13683." type="journal article" year="2000">Grimaldi and Agosti, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). This is a valuable window into ant evolution as the Fushun amber
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<typeStatus id="54B3880BFF902F3BA876467C533AFAC6" box="[522,633,1340,1366]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
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have since been lost. Slightly younger ants (
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BAE01467C51B3FAEB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
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, Myrmecinae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BABDC46215364FAEB" box="[416,551,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BA81646215245FAEC" box="[618,774,1377,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmeciinae">Myrmeciinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are reported in mid to Late Eocene shales and Hat Creek amber from British Columbia (Archibald et al., 2018). It should be noted that the identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BABF646EC5247FA57" authority="(Dolichoderinae)" baseAuthorityName="Dolichoderinae" box="[394,772,1452,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEABBFF902F3BABF646EC5374FA56" box="[394,567,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Technomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
(Dolichoderinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B58FF902F3BA95546EC5546FA56" author="Poinar, G. & B. Archibald & A. Brown" box="[809,1029,1452,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref14708" refString="Poinar, G., B. Archibald, and A. Brown. 1999. New amber deposit provides evidence of early Paleogene extinctions, paleoclimates, and past distributions. Canadian Entomologist 131: 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="1999">Poinar et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was changed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D2AFF902F3BAA11469151B3FA7B" box="[109,240,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
incertae sedis in Archibald et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |