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<document id="A48418053475F9C35C08756146AFA35B" ID-CLB-Dataset="101781" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bc5be15-4ac4-4053-aa25-8481710aa2a8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6876077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1658416703525" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., Mandáková, Terezie, Mummenhoff, Klaus &amp; Lysak, Martin A." docDate="2022" docId="039C87B2FF8BFFBBFF775204D50E915F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.555.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 555 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Heliophila verna Al-Shehbaz 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FFA5FFCAFF8BFFBFFFFF545CD61D9337" masterDocTitle="Heliophila verna (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Northern Cape of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1699361143777" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="B99883526412C05AB4BD8AF77C6DB240" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1E5BBA9782E7C4A16669DB2BABBCC90C">
<mods:title id="2FBC2AEFB2F730F7F8AF3FDF9B7E0AD5">Heliophila verna (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Northern Cape of South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A63389874F2CBCA01728221EB20739A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7D1F8D2DCBD8B697210A0B1FA1126D8A">
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<mods:namePart id="FDA5C6E4AA0E199A2703A5D5769C4805">Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B037B7804CC347E9526D59ABE6E2B4D5" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1822-4005</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2642C306A5653AF3789CAB87F063F97A">Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; ihsan. al-shehbaz @ mobot. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1822 - 4005</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="045AC1EF4D8EA64A17BDD3119852F586" type="email">ihsan.al-shehbaz@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C43FAA6FCF2EEF42F3BBC7F15D537C92" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4529D660DB84977C2F5B760BEA97AE42">
<mods:roleTerm id="C8142085FD9A24F003172ADBE54E9787">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7E16D3ED7313EED955E0CA541A6D5141">Mandáková, Terezie</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCF629AB9E56FA321E12EF145EFF876E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6485-0563</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F49ABA23157AFB9F1B6016D9C964B385">CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ- 625 00, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ- 625 00, Czech Republic &amp; terezie. mandakova @ ceitec. muni. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6485 - 0563</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CDF9D88EA96AA80B2C726172863A5BBD" type="email">terezie.mandakova@ceitec.muni.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F298489CE12FB83F3D7935AC6FE35851" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9E41F3B4D5E673C8F0254EDBBD37701">
<mods:roleTerm id="1FD3E8E5C805BE2EDEC083828520D461">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D6A161162DA5B429CE15F0CDB801E9C6">Mummenhoff, Klaus</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B9D1FB65C140320BC9AF7D3E62A9DC7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8449-1593</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2554A29D4C4796B22EEBA5ECD8469CB7">Department of Biology / Botany, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D- 49076 Osnabrück, Germany &amp; kmummenh @ uni-osnabrueck. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8449 - 1593</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="47960284EC6BA4C1C471B27E44ECDD88" type="email">kmummenh@uni-osnabrueck.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="38137400F7D1D300B0FD380CF1D67EF2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="749D6E616A8247D5A9578C0DA83B17E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="2A46F38D568E2848342F0841D1882D8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="62E0FD34D16DCFDA5B01758945E6C061">Lysak, Martin A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ACA884F467F9027FC8DE0D6ED242C947" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0318-4194</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="060EF64607DB74137F2FB4E03FC60E6D">CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ- 625 00, Czech Republic &amp; NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ- 625 00, Czech Republic &amp; martin. lysak @ ceitec. muni. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0318 - 4194</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="55EE1A58957E44036ADC27D732F5EF8C" type="email">martin.lysak@ceitec.muni.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BEAFB71C75D3770C4E754AE10CDBA7D6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8237BD395383A022F546C7484C82746B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E6BD5CEF94030228DB2C537A58F93A1D">
<mods:date id="DB52069968E5D9D7ADB9CAF76A3D0E2A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1948AAB4C07BC40905B055DEAA366105">2022-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="17492586DE93FF6359C1EE3F5781877E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="52D38A283CBA466F69DEFE6FADF25D94">555</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4CCC42ECD8308A7C4049D247A9DCE84D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="420098EC4706082610E70A892C9541EB">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D14F502C074CED03BE952C9D017054F0">195</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="757D9A01F2DCD2E1F9EB03DA42186CEC">
<mods:url id="5EE7E5BB5E781909126EB20C4457FAE5">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C4E653F70B8C73DD37234C724500764F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CD6E37AC13D21D38A96F23DFD8E8F2D3" type="CLB-Dataset">101781</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD9DC56B681C9285B68BECFAC1996FA3" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DED1BC34A102CF59D3DB49B212C82F04" type="GBIF-Dataset">8bc5be15-4ac4-4053-aa25-8481710aa2a8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6B15A6BADEDDD501194C4DD372EE8FB5" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="80E3C1D50DEC489717ECBF49070E1E29" type="Zenodo-Dep">6876077</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C87B2FF8BFFBBFF775204D50E915F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197835707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6876107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B2FF8BFFBBFF775204D50E915F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87B2FF8BFFBBFF775204D50E915F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF8BFFBFFF775204D4259545" box="[136,568,1624,1651]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8BFFBFFF775204D4259545" blockId="0.[136,568,1624,1651]" box="[136,568,1624,1651]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<heading id="D0C281C8FF8BFFBFFF775204D4259545" box="[136,568,1624,1651]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8BFFBFFF775204D7C59545" authority="Al-Shehbaz" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,472,1624,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFF775204D7569545" bold="true" box="[136,331,1624,1651]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Heliophila verna</emphasis>
Al-Shehbaz
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFE1C5205D4259545" box="[483,568,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257CDFF8BFFBFFE1C5205D4259545" box="[483,568,1625,1650]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF8BFFBFFF7752F8D4299436" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8BFFBFFF7752F8D4299436" blockId="0.[136,1452,1700,1866]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
Diagnosis:—
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8BFFBFFEF852F8D7B6958E" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[263,427,1700,1721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFEF852F8D7B6958E" box="[263,427,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Heliophila verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from the other glabrous annual congeners with filiform leaves and submoniliform terete fruit by having fruiting pedicels
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long, smallest flowers (petals to
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFC455294D21E95EA" box="[954,1027,1736,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long), slender and cylindrical styles
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFA9C5294D6FF9436" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide, and 14–18 ovules per ovary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF8BFFBFFF77534CD2AC947E" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8BFFBFFF77534CD2AC947E" blockId="0.[136,1452,1700,1866]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFF77534CD6DF9412" bold="true" box="[136,194,1808,1829]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CF9FF8BFFBFFF24534CD2B0947E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864662301" collectingDate="2019-10-04" collectionCode="T, M, A, K" country="South Africa" county="Namakwa District" elevation="760" location="Verbe Farm" municipality="Kamiesberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3227634FF8BFFBFFF24534CD7919412" box="[219,396,1808,1829]" name="South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F1F846FF8BFFBFFE68534CD4349412" box="[407,553,1808,1830]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62EB4E28FF8BFFBFFDCB534CD4F59411" box="[564,744,1808,1830]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Namakwa District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACDEFF8BFFBFFD0C534CD5749411" box="[755,873,1808,1830]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Kamiesberg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEA607FFF8BFFBFFC8B534CD5F49412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87B2FF8BFFBBFF775204D50E915F:8EEA607FFF8BFFBFFC8B534CD5F49412" box="[884,1001,1808,1830]" country="South Africa" county="Namakwa District" municipality="Kamiesberg" name="Verbe Farm" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Verbe Farm</location>
, Lat. -30.074167; Long. 18.003056,
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFAAC534CD3899412" box="[1363,1428,1808,1830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="760.0">
<elevation id="0018D197FF8BFFBFFAAC534CD3899412" box="[1363,1428,1808,1830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="FF8B1064FF8BFFBFFA60534CD75E947E" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" value="2019-10-04">
<collectingDate id="EFCFE98CFF8BFFBFFA60534CD75E947E" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" value="2019-10-04">4 October 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFEB25368D529947E" box="[333,820,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<collectionCode id="ED24AE61FF8BFFBFFEB25368D741947E" box="[333,348,1844,1865]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">T</collectionCode>
. Mandáková,
<collectionCode id="ED24AE61FF8BFFBFFE1D5368D7E4947E" box="[482,505,1844,1865]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED24AE61FF8BFFBFFDFE5368D40E947E" box="[513,531,1844,1865]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Lysak &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED24AE61FF8BFFBFFD8D5368D498947E" box="[626,645,1844,1865]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Mummenhoff s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548E8806FF8BFFBFFCBF5368D585947D" box="[832,920,1844,1866]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, MO-6942172).
<figureCitation id="130E2A21FF8BFFBFFBC75368D2B0947E" box="[1080,1197,1844,1866]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[136,234,2027,2049]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[281,1294,496,1988]" captionTargetBox-1="[214,1373,190,1928]" captionTargetBox-2="[397,1184,201,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure-167@1.[275,1311,494,2000]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@2.[214,1373,190,1928]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@3.[386,1201,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Heliophila verna. A. Plant. B. Sepal. C. Petal. D. Fruit and fruiting pedicel. E. Seed. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype (Mandáková et al. s.n., MO-6942172)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Heliophila verna. Image of holotype (Mandáková et al. s.n., MO-6942172)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Heliophila verna. A. Plant. B. Mitotic chromosome spread. Scale, 10 µm. C and D. Photos of the type locality in Kamieberg of the Northern Cape. Arrows indicates the exact collection site. (Photos by T.M.)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876081" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876083" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876087" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6876081/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6876083/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6876087/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF8BFFBDFF775324D5B894C8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8BFFBEFF775324D39692EF" blockId="0.[136,1451,1912,2083]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,158,473]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8BFFBFFF775324D70194A5" bold="true" box="[136,284,1912,1938]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Description:</emphasis>
—Plants annual herbs, not glaucous, glabrous. Trichomes absent. Stems herbaceous,
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFAF85324D36994A4" box="[1287,1396,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="4.75" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–7 cm</quantity>
tall, smooth, terete, erect, simple or rarely1-branched above. Leaves cauline, subfleshy; petiole absent; blade simple, filiform,
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFF0E539CD76C94EC" box="[241,369,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.7 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8BFFBFFE69539CD43E94EC" box="[406,547,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
, margin, entire, not auriculate at base, without a pair of stipule-like glands at node, glabrous, base not decurrent. Racemes terminal, lax, 7–11-flowered, elongated in fruit, not secund; rachis straight, glabrous; fruiting pedicels without a pair of basal bract-like glands, not articulate at base, glabrous, slender and narrower than fruit, ascending, straight, persistent, lowermost
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFC9254C2D5D7938E" box="[877,970,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long; flower buds oblong. Sepals suberect, oblong,
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long, glabrous, caducous, both pairs not cucullate at apex, not saccate at base. Petals white, oblong-obovate, 1.4–1.5 ×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFE4B54BAD4219236" box="[436,572,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
, erect, obtuse at apex, unappendaged, not papillate; claw absent. Stamens erect, subtetradynamous; filaments
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFE305556D4489212" box="[463,597,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous at base, all unappendaged; anthers ovate, ca.
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFB105556D3599212" box="[1263,1348,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands lateral, minute, median glands absent. Ovary glabrous; ovules 14–18 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent silique, capsular, linear, excluding style
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFD4B550ED52D925A" box="[692,816,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.3 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFCB3550ED5C9925A" box="[844,980,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
, terete, glabrous, submoniliform, undulate along replum, subtorulose, ascending; valves papery, midvein distinct, lateral veins obscure, margin not thickened; gynophore obsolete; style in fruit
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFDF255C6D48B9282" box="[525,662,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, cylindrical, slender,
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFC3755C6D24C9282" box="[968,1105,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide, glabrous; stigma entire. Seeds uniseriate, ovoid, plump, wingless, not margined, 0.7–0.8 ×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8AFFBEFC8D55E2D21792EE" box="[882,1034,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.55 mm</quantity>
; cotyledons diplecolobal. 2
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8AFFBEFAC355E3D35792EF" box="[1340,1354,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">n</emphasis>
= 18.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A662CFF8AFFBEFF7753B7D7E19B11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6876081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876081/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" startId="1.[136,234,2027,2049]" targetBox="[281,1294,496,1988]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8AFFBEFF7753B7D7E19B11" blockId="1.[136,1451,2027,2086]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8AFFBEFF7753B7D71F9B36" bold="true" box="[136,258,2027,2049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8AFFBEFEF853B0D7AD9B36" box="[263,432,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8AFFBEFEF853B0D7B09B36" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[263,429,2028,2049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">Heliophila verna</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Plant. B. Sepal. C. Petal. D. Fruit and fruiting pedicel. E. Seed. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype (
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8AFFBEFF6F5C4CD7789B12" box="[144,357,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Mandáková et al. s.n.,</emphasis>
MO-6942172).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A662CFF89FFBDFF7753FDD5C09480" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6876083" box="[136,989,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876083/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" startId="2.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[214,1373,190,1928]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF89FFBDFF7753FDD5C09480" blockId="2.[136,989,1953,1975]" box="[136,989,1953,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF89FFBDFF7753FDD6E39481" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF89FFBDFEFC53FDD7B39480" box="[259,430,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF89FFBDFEFC53FDD7B79480" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[259,426,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">Heliophila verna</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Image of holotype (
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF89FFBDFD8E53FDD55B9480" box="[625,838,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Mandáková et al. s.n.,</emphasis>
MO-6942172).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF89FFBDFF4253B9D5B894C8" blockId="2.[189,1210,2021,2084]" box="[189,933,2021,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF89FFBDFF4253B9D75E94C8" bold="true" box="[189,323,2021,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering and fruiting late September into October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF89FFBDFF425C55D2A79B14" box="[189,1210,2057,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF89FFBDFF425C55D2A79B14" blockId="2.[189,1210,2021,2084]" box="[189,1210,2057,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF89FFBDFF425C55D7449B14" bold="true" box="[189,345,2057,2083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Distribution:</emphasis>
—Known only from the
<typeStatus id="548E8806FF89FFBDFD915C56D4839B13" box="[622,670,2058,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">type</typeStatus>
collection in Kamiesberg of the
<collectingRegion id="49F1F846FF89FFBDFBF25C55D2AB9B14" box="[1037,1206,2057,2083]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4A662CFF88FFBCFF7753FDD58294ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6876087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876087/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[397,1184,201,1916]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF88FFBCFF7753FDD58294ED" blockId="3.[136,1451,1953,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF88FFBCFF7753FDD6E09481" bold="true" box="[136,253,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF88FFBCFEFC53FDD7B09480" box="[259,429,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF88FFBCFEFC53FDD7B79480" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[259,426,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">Heliophila verna</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Plant. B. Mitotic chromosome spread. Scale, 10 µm. C and D. Photos of the type locality in Kamieberg of the Northern Cape. Arrows indicates the exact collection site. (Photos by T.M.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32F652FFF8FFFBBFF4254C2D50E915F" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A36A4FF8FFFBBFF4254C2D50E915F" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFF4254C2D758938F" bold="true" box="[189,325,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Discussion:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFE9E54C2D43F938F" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[353,546,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFE9E54C2D43F938F" box="[353,546,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Heliophila verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFC8854C3D2F2938F" authority="Bolus (1896: 16)" authorityName="Bolus" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1896" box="[887,1263,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namaquana">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFC8854C3D23D938F" box="[887,1056,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">H. namaquana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B55FF8FFFBBFBD554C2D2F2938F" author="Bolus, H." box="[1066,1263,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="16 - 25" refId="ref1600" refString="Bolus, H. (1896) Contributions to the flora of South Africa. Journal of Botany 34: 16 - 25. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8967410]" type="journal article" year="1896">Bolus (1896: 16)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, another diploid with 2
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFF31549FD6C193EB" box="[206,220,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">n</emphasis>
= 18 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B55FF8FFFBBFEDD549ED42D93EA" author="Mandakova, T. &amp; Winter, P. &amp; Al-Shehbaz, I. A. &amp; Mucina, L. &amp; Mummenhoff, K. &amp; Lysak, M. A." box="[290,560,194,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="1073" refId="ref1878" refString="Mandakova, T., Winter, P., Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Mucina, L., Mummenhoff, K. &amp; Lysak, M. A. (2015) Brassicaceae. In: Marhold, K. &amp; Breitwieser, I. (eds.) IAPT / IOPB chromosome data 19. Taxon 64: 1073. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 645.34" type="journal article" year="2015">
Mandáková
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFE51549FD7FB93EB" box="[430,486,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The close relationship of the two species is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS-rDNA; unpublished data) (in prep.). Both species are annuals with narrowly linear to filiform, undivided, subfleshy to fleshy leaves, short fruiting pedicels generally &lt;
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFA625556D6A9927E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, submoniliform fruit with undulate replum, and uniseriate seeds. Although both species grow in Kamiesberg of the
<collectingRegion id="49F1F846FF8FFFBBFF29550ED79C925B" box="[214,385,338,364]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
, the latter is also widespread in the
<collectingRegion id="49F1F846FF8FFFBBFCD6550FD5D6925B" box="[809,971,338,365]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFC26550FD223925B" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[985,1086,339,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFC26550FD223925B" box="[985,1086,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">H. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFA6F550FD71192A7" authorityName="Bolus" authorityYear="1896" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namaquana">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFA6F550FD71192A7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">H. namaquana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having rather slender (vs. stout) fruiting pedicels, slender and cylindrical styles
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFB4A552AD32092A6" box="[1205,1341,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide (vs. stout and globose, ovoid, clavate, or cylindrical-clavate styles (0.6−)
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFC7455C6D20B9282" box="[907,1046,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9−2.5 mm</quantity>
wide), fruit 0.7–0.9 (vs. 1–2.2) mm wide, and smaller flowers with sepals 1.5–1.7 (vs. 2.2–4) mm long, petals 1.4–1.5 ×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFBB055E2D2CA92EE" box="[1103,1239,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
(vs. (3–)3.5–5.5 ×
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFF7755BED70C92CB" box="[136,273,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
) without claw (vs. with claw
<quantity id="4CCD9B41FF8FFFBBFD9D55BED4C892CA" box="[610,725,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long), and filaments 0.5–0.6 (vs. 2–3.5) mm long. Furthermore, plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFF0F565BD74F9117" authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2022" box="[240,338,519,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFF0F565BD74F9117" box="[240,338,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">H. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are always glabrous, not glaucous, and lack the stipule-like leaf basal glands and petal appendages. By contrast, plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D27FF8FFFBBFE7D5677D4379173" authorityName="Bolus" authorityYear="1896" box="[386,554,555,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Heliophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namaquana">
<emphasis id="B941EAB6FF8FFFBBFE7D5677D4379173" box="[386,554,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">H. namaquana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are puberulent, pubescent, or glabrous, always glaucous, and the foliar stipulelike glands and petal appendage may be present or absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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