323 lines
44 KiB
XML
323 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="BC08B9070A1305388F5DB10A0D1B4970" ID-CLB-Dataset="27705" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f64e8e3b-8b5e-48d6-968a-68ca461e5d9b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617771" ID-ZooBank="0D3BBCE4-B836-417F-A293-6A93D155A0C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553928283228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baumsteiger, Jason & Moyle, Peter B." docDate="2019" docId="03816E226F0ECC03FF7FDBEFFF395669" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4543.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4543 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hesperoleucus venustus subsp. subditus Snyder 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="234" masterDocId="FFB8165A6F02CC0EFFE8DA31FFD95039" masterDocTitle="A reappraisal of the California Roach / Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus / Lavinia) species complex" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1698715391440" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A43DE6EA96AF8776CE3F98743E49379D">A reappraisal of the California Roach / Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus / Lavinia) species complex</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4DBC3584DF98E34BB96F7962633E3A89">Baumsteiger, Jason</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA6F49898E2102D715BCB4524B7165DA">Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FCCF794A7A214CA8CF4BF8822DA80293">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D566AE45756A845A0ED7E705FDFF02AD">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03816E226F0ECC03FF7FDBEFFF395669" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5936961" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5936961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03816E226F0ECC03FF7FDBEFFF395669" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03816E226F0ECC03FF7FDBEFFF395669" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFE7F5223" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFD1651C1" blockId="12.[151,719,478,538]" box="[151,719,478,504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="D0DF68586F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFD1651C1" bold="true" box="[151,719,478,504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFD1651C1" authority="Snyder, 1913" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,719,478,504]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venustus" subSpecies="subditus">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFD1651C1" bold="true" box="[151,719,478,504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF7FDBEFFDFE51C1" bold="true" box="[151,551,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hesperoleucus venustus subditus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FDC7DBEFFD1651C1" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[559,719,478,504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15647" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF7FD830FE7F5223" blockId="12.[151,719,478,538]" box="[151,422,513,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Southern Coastal Roach</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0ECC02FF7FD878FE6D5364" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF7FD878FF635293" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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<materialsCitation id="3B40D5696F0ECC02FF7FD878FE9E52BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525057" collectionCode="CA" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="USNM 74475" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF7FD878FED4525B" bold="true" box="[151,269,585,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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<typeStatus id="549361966F0ECC02FF7FD878FED1525B" box="[151,264,585,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB8E774F6F0ECC02FEFBD87BFE6D525B" box="[275,436,585,610]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">USNM 74475</specimenCode>
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. Originally described as
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<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FD2ED878FC165258" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[710,975,585,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subditus">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FD2ED878FC165258" box="[710,975,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hesperoleucus subditus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Pajaro Basin, San Benito and Santa Clara Cos.,
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<collectionCode id="ED3947F16F0ECC02FEF4D85FFE9E52BF" box="[284,327,622,646]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B40D5696F0ECC02FEB9D85FFC3652BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525060" box="[337,1007,621,646]" collectionCode="BMNH, USNM" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="CAS-SU 22489" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="549361966F0ECC02FEB9D85FFE1A52BC" box="[337,451,622,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FEB9D85FFE1A52BC" box="[337,451,622,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED3947F16F0ECC02FE3AD85FFDFF52BC" box="[466,550,622,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1900.9.29.176;
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<specimenCode id="DB8E774F6F0ECC02FD36D85FFC4A52BF" box="[734,915,622,646]" collectionCode="CAS-SU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fxd1-0prj" name="California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">CAS-SU 22489</specimenCode>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED3947F16F0ECC02FC76D85FFC3652BF" box="[926,1007,622,646]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B40D5696F0ECC02FC1FD85CFF6E5293" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525054" collectionCode="USNM" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="75338-40, 75342-43, 75345- 50" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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49579,
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<specimenCode id="DB8E774F6F0ECC02FBA3D85CFB6752BF" box="[1099,1214,621,646]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">75338–40</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB8E774F6F0ECC02FB21D85CFAE552BF" box="[1225,1340,621,646]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">75342–43</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB8E774F6F0ECC02FAA0D85CFF6E5293" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="Museum">75345– 50</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FD884FE6D5364" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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Unlike previous listings by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FE13D884FD4452F7" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[507,669,693,718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15647" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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, Tomales Bay (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FCA3D887FC1552F4" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[843,972,694,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FCA3D887FC1552F4" box="[843,972,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. venustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and Monterey Bay (
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<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FB54D887FAE352F4" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[1212,1338,693,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subditus">
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FB54D887FAE352F4" box="[1212,1338,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. subditus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) species are genomically part of a southern subspecies of Coastal Roach (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FC69D8E8FB4352CB" author="Baumsteiger, J. & Moyle, P. B. & Aguilar, A. & O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R." box="[897,1178,729,754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="0189417" refId="ref12892" refString="Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P. B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R. (2017) Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One, 12 (12), e 0189417." type="journal article" year="2017">
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Baumsteiger
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<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FBF1D8EBFB8D52C8" box="[1049,1108,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Previous works have recognized these individuals as distinct lineages both morphologically and genetically (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FB66D8CCFAF6532F" author="Murphy, G." box="[1166,1327,765,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refId="ref14790" refString="Murphy, G. (1948) Distribution of Fariation of the Roach (Hesperoleucus) in the Coastal Region of California. M. A. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 55 pp." type="book" year="1948">Murphy 1948</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FAD7D8CCFF0B5303" author="Hopkirk, J. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FF37D910FE065303" author="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J." box="[223,479,801,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="373 - 381" refId="ref12469" refString="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J. (2009) Nuclear and mitochondrial diversification in two native California minnows: insights into taxonomic identity and regional phylogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 373 - 381." type="journal article" year="2009">Aguilar & Jones 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). So while their distinctiveness seems consistent, their taxonomic level has not been properly defined till now.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0ECC02FF2FD958FB6B53D7" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FD958FB6B53D7" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF2FD958FE8853BB" bold="true" box="[199,337,873,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Description</emphasis>
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. Adult total length is typically
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<quantity id="4CD072D16F0ECC02FD47D958FCE153B8" box="[687,824,873,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="77.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="55.0">55–100 mm</quantity>
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, up to
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<quantity id="4CD072D16F0ECC02FC6CD958FC3D53B8" box="[900,996,873,898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
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. Roach typically have 7–10 dorsal rays (average 9), 6–8 anal rays (average 7), and 47–62 lateral line scales (average 54) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FBD7D9BCFB3B539F" author="Hopkirk, J. D." box="[1087,1250,909,934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The remaining characters vary between different DPSs proposed within this subspecies (see below), including thickness of caudal peduncle, fin length, body size, and snout shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FD56D9E4FC8853D7" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[702,849,981,1006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15647" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FCB5D9E4FC2053D7" author="Murphy, G." box="[861,1017,981,1006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refId="ref14790" refString="Murphy, G. (1948) Distribution of Fariation of the Roach (Hesperoleucus) in the Coastal Region of California. M. A. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 55 pp." type="book" year="1948">Murphy 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FBEDD9E4FB7C53D7" author="Hopkirk, J. D." box="[1029,1189,981,1006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0ECC02FF2FD9C8FA4E550B" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FD9C8FC415463" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF2FD9C8FE80542B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1017,1042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Southern Coastal Roach are restricted to the drainages of Tomales Bay/northern SF Bay in the north and Monterey Bay in the south. There are no records of Roach being present in watersheds between these two systems but thorough sampling is needed to be sure of their absence.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FDE54FA4E550B" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF2FDE54FED65447" bold="true" box="[199,271,1125,1150]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Status</emphasis>
|
||
. Although both DPSs within this subspecies are considered to be Near-threatened (see below), the subspecies as a whole seems fairly abundant in their native ranges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FC50DEB8FB4B549B" author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J." box="[952,1170,1161,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refId="ref14653" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd edition. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento Ca. 300 pp. https: // www. wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / Fishes / Special-Concern" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FBE6DEBBFB935498" box="[1038,1098,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this is still probably a small subset of the original range of this subspecies, given the current geographic divide between the two DPSs within the subspecies. Both are found in areas where freshwater sources are limited and human use is high, making them candidates for decline through water manipulation. Additionally, most locations with this subspecies are relatively small, isolated creeks, making climate change an increasing problem for their persistence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0ECC03FF2FDF0CFDF45179" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FDF0CFE315713" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF2FDF0CFEA6556F" bold="true" box="[199,383,1341,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Tomales Roach</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FE7DDF0CFDE2556F" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[405,571,1341,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15647" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FD57DF0CFC08556C" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[703,977,1341,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FD57DF0CFC08556C" box="[703,977,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hesperoleucus venustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Russian River, Tomales Bay tributaries, and San Francisco Bay tributaries.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FD74DF50FC935543" author="Hopkirk, J. D." box="[668,842,1377,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized that Roach from these three regions were different from each other but similar enough to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC11D66F0ECC02FD5BDFB4FCFC55A7" box="[691,805,1413,1438]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Roach that he declared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FBDEDFB7FB6355A4" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1913" box="[1078,1210,1414,1437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FBDEDFB7FB6355A4" box="[1078,1210,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. venustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF7FDF9BFEBF55F8" box="[151,358,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
|
||
H. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28A4B76F0ECC02FF3ADF9BFEBB55F8" baseAuthorityName="Baird & Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[210,354,1450,1473]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hesperoleucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symmetricus">symmetricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
He did suggest, however, that individuals in Tomales Bay tributaries were distinct enough to be recognized as a subspecies. The genetic studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FD37DFFFFCAA55DF" author="Jones, W. J." box="[735,883,1486,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refId="ref13755" refString="Jones, W. J. (2001) DNA Sequence Divergence and Speciation in Two California Minnows (Cyprinidae: Lavinia exilicauda and L. symmetricus). PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz. Ca. 150 pp." type="book" year="2001">Jones (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FC69DFFCFB4955DF" author="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J." box="[897,1168,1485,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="373 - 381" refId="ref12469" refString="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J. (2009) Nuclear and mitochondrial diversification in two native California minnows: insights into taxonomic identity and regional phylogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 373 - 381." type="journal article" year="2009">Aguilar & Jones (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FB23DFFCFF385633" author="Baumsteiger, J. & Moyle, P. B. & Aguilar, A. & O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R." pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="0189417" refId="ref12892" refString="Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P. B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R. (2017) Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One, 12 (12), e 0189417." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Baumsteiger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FA8ADFFFFA4555DC" box="[1378,1436,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that populations from Tomales Bay tributaries are distinct, which we recognize here.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FAE4DFC3FA455633" author="Jones, W. J." box="[1292,1436,1522,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refId="ref13755" refString="Jones, W. J. (2001) DNA Sequence Divergence and Speciation in Two California Minnows (Cyprinidae: Lavinia exilicauda and L. symmetricus). PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz. Ca. 150 pp." type="book" year="2001">Jones (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found populations of Tomales Roach from Lagunitas and Walker creeks shared nuclear DNA allele frequencies but were reciprocally monophyletic for mitochondrial DNA haplotypes.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FC49DC08FB74566B" author="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J." box="[929,1197,1593,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="373 - 381" refId="ref12469" refString="Aguilar, A. & Jones, W. J. (2009) Nuclear and mitochondrial diversification in two native California minnows: insights into taxonomic identity and regional phylogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 373 - 381." type="journal article" year="2009">Aguilar & Jones (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
determined from the mtDNA analysis of fish from Lagunitas and Walker Creeks that they were clearly a distinct lineage from CA Roach. Microsatellites, however, were not as definitive, with one analysis finding weak support for Tomales Roach as a distinct lineage, while another analysis found that, although distinguishable, individuals from Lagunitas and Walker Creeks clustered with Monterey Roach. Our genomic analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FC29DCF8FB0D56DB" author="Baumsteiger, J. & Moyle, P. B. & Aguilar, A. & O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R." box="[961,1236,1737,1762]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="0189417" refId="ref12892" refString="Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P. B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R. (2017) Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One, 12 (12), e 0189417." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Baumsteiger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FBB0DCFBFB4856D8" box="[1112,1169,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided further clarity, showing that Tomales Bay locations are clearly definable within the Southern Coastal Roach subspecies, as a distinct population segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0ECC02FF2FDD04FC9357E7" blockId="12.[151,1437,585,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0ECC02FF2FDD04FE885777" bold="true" box="[199,337,1845,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Tomales Roach look similar to other members of the CA Roach complex but are most similar to Russian River Roach (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AAEA8F6F0ECC02FE73DD68FE2B574B" box="[411,498,1881,1906]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[147,233,499,521]" captionText="TABLE 1. Original morphometric and meristic counts for proposed taxonomy covering the five primary studies to date." pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Adult total length is typically
|
||
<quantity id="4CD072D16F0ECC02FC84DD68FC215748" box="[876,1016,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="77.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="55.0">55–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD072D16F0ECC02FBA5DD68FB695748" box="[1101,1200,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Like Russian River Roach, Tomales Roach differ from CA Roach in having a more trim, slender body, a more pointed snout, a more slender caudal peduncle, and longer fins. Tomales Roach have 8–10 dorsal rays (average 9), 6–7 anal rays (average 7), and 47–62 lateral line scales (average 54) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0ECC02FD74DDF4FCE757E7" author="Hopkirk, J. D." box="[668,830,1989,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FDAA9FDF45179" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
In tributaries to San Francisco Bay,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FDB7DAA6FD205089" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[607,761,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="327 - 338" refId="ref15572" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1905) Notes on the fishes of the streams flowing into the San Francisco Bay. Report for U. S. Bureau Fisheries for 1904, 327 - 338." type="journal article" year="1905">Snyder (1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FCEEDAA9FCE65089" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[774,831,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="153 - 189" refId="ref15610" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1908) The fishes of the coastal streams of Oregon and northern California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 27, 153 - 189." type="journal article" year="1908">1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) demonstrated that sex could be established by using the ratio of pectoral fin length to body length. Males exhibited a ratio of> 0.21 while females bore pectoral fins between 0.16 and 0.20 the length of their body. Both sexes exhibit bright orange and red breeding coloration on the operculum, chin and the base of the paired fins. Males may also develop numerous small breeding tubercles (pearl organs) on the head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FE69DB16FDF95179" author="Murphy, G." box="[385,544,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="187 - 188" refId="ref14766" refString="Murphy, G. (1943) Sexual dimorphism in the minnows Hesperoleucus and Rhinichthys. Copeia, 1943, 187 - 188." type="journal article" year="1943">Murphy 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0FCC03FF2FDB7DFEB9532C" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FDB7DFD2851E9" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FDB7DFE80515C" bold="true" box="[199,345,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Tomales Roach are restricted to the Lagunitas Creek and Walker Creek drainages of western Marin County. Roach of uncertain taxonomic affinity have also been reported from Pine Gulch Creek, tributary to Bolinas Lagoon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FEB6DBA5FE245195" author="Murphy, G." box="[350,509,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14790" refString="Murphy, G. (1948) Distribution of Fariation of the Roach (Hesperoleucus) in the Coastal Region of California. M. A. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 55 pp." type="book" year="1948">Murphy 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Salmon Creek, Marin Co. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FC96DBA5FBD65195" author="Moyle, P. B." box="[894,1039,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14221" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 502 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a 1997 survey of Pine Gulch Creek recorded no Roach present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FD8EDB89FD3D51E9" author="Fong, D." box="[614,740,440,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref13361" refString="Fong, D. (1999) 1997 California Freshwater Shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) Surveys within Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) Prepared for the GGNRA, Division of Resource Management and Planning, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Permits, Ecological Services, Portland Regional Office. 30 pp." type="book" year="1999">Fong 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FDBEDFEB9532C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FDBEDFED651CC" bold="true" box="[199,271,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Status</emphasis>
|
||
. There is no indication that Tomales Roach in Walker and Lagunitas Creeks are in decline, but no regular surveys exist. Dams and diversions, however, have altered flows and habitat. They are currently listed as a state Species of Special Concern (IUCN Status, Near-threatened) but do not appear to be in immediate danger of extinction as a DPS. Fragmentation of populations, along with habitat alterations, may be limiting distribution and abundance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FEF6D85DFE2952BC" author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J." box="[286,496,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14653" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd edition. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento Ca. 300 pp. https: // www. wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / Fishes / Special-Concern" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FE99D85CFE7252BD" box="[369,427,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Increasing urban water demands, coupled with predicted climate change impacts, are likely to lead to more widespread drying of stream segments and elimination of Roach populations. As a result,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FF7FD885FEA152F5" author="Moyle, P. B. & Kiernan, J. D. & Crain, P. K. & Quinones, R. M." box="[151,376,692,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="63883" refId="ref14451" refString="Moyle, P. B., Kiernan, J. D., Crain, P. K. & Quinones, R. M. (2013) Climate change vulnerability of native and alien freshwater fishes of California: a systematic assessment approach. PLoS One, 8 (5), e 63883." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF01D884FEFD52F5" box="[233,292,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered Tomales Roach as “highly vulnerable” to extinction by 2100 from the effects of climate change.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FEBCD8E6FDEF52C9" author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J." box="[340,566,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14653" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd edition. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento Ca. 300 pp. https: // www. wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / Fishes / Special-Concern" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FE4ED8E8FE3B52C9" box="[422,482,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it to be a species of “moderate concern”, not facing immediate extinction threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0FCC03FF2FD92EFE9D540D" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FD92EFD3C539C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FD92EFE4D5301" bold="true" box="[199,404,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Monterey Roach</emphasis>
|
||
. The Monterey Roach has been of interest because of its frequent hybridization with Monterey Hitch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FE89D974FDD05365" box="[353,521,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">L. e. harengus</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FDCDD975FD6A5364" author="Miller, R. R." box="[549,691,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="197 - 204" refId="ref14142" refString="Miller, R. R. (1945) The status of Lavinia ardesiaca, a cyprinid fish from the Pajaro-Salinas River basin, California. Copeia, 1945, 197 - 204." type="journal article" year="1945">Miller 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FD2BD975FC545364" author="Avise, J. C. & Smith, J. J. & Ayala, F. J." box="[707,909,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="411 - 426" refId="ref12641" refString="Avise, J. C., Smith, J. J. & Ayala, F. J. (1975) Adaptive differentiation with little genic change between two native California minnows. Evolution, 29, 411 - 426." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Avise
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FCE5D974FC905365" box="[781,841,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but it retains its identity as a distinct taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FF76D956FE6253B9" author="Baumsteiger, J. & Moyle, P. B. & Aguilar, A. & O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R." box="[158,443,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="0189417" refId="ref12892" refString="Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P. B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S. M. & Miller, M. R. (2017) Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One, 12 (12), e 0189417." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Baumsteiger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FED0D958FEAD53B9" box="[312,372,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its isolation from other populations within the subspecies is of note, indicating that should be managed as a distinct population segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FD99EFE9D540D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FD99EFE8853F1" bold="true" box="[199,337,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Monterey Roach are similar in appearance to CA Roach (see description) but can be distinguished by having fewer dorsal (7–9; average 8) and anal fins rays (6–8; average 7), fewer scales in the lateral line, slightly shorter fins, a slightly more robust body and a thicker caudal peduncle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FBB2D9C6FB345429" author="Snyder, J. O." box="[1114,1261,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15647" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FB12D9C6FA4E5429" author="Murphy, G." box="[1274,1431,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14790" refString="Murphy, G. (1948) Distribution of Fariation of the Roach (Hesperoleucus) in the Coastal Region of California. M. A. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 55 pp." type="book" year="1948">Murphy 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FF7FDE2DFEEE540D" author="Hopkirk, J. D." box="[151,311,1052,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13678" refString="Hopkirk, J. D. (1973) Endemism in fishes of the Clear Lake region of central California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 96, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1973">Hopkirk 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3328CBF6F0FCC03FF2FDE0EFF395669" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FDE0EFB8C556C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FDE0EFE805461" bold="true" box="[199,345,1087,1112]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Monterey Roach are widely distributed in the Pajaro, Salinas, and San Lorenzo River systems as well as Soquel Creek, all tributaries to Monterey Bay on the central coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC11D66F0FCC03FC02DE55FB865444" box="[1002,1119,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Pescadaro Creek, just north of Monterey Bay, also contains Monterey Roach. Within the Pajaro watershed, Monterey Roach no longer occur in the mainstem but are present in Uvas Creek, Llagas Creek upstream of Chesbro Reservoir, the North Fork of Pacheco Creek upstream of Pacheco Reservoir, Arroyo Dos Picachos and in the San Benito River and its tributaries, including Tres Pinos, Laguna, and Clear Creeks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FCA9DEC5FC135535" author="Smith, J. J." box="[833,970,1268,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref15530" refString="Smith, J. J. (2007) Steelhead Distribution and Ecology in the Upper Pajaro River System and Mainstem Pajaro River. Unpublished Report 7, Department of Biology, San Jose State University. Ca. 40 pp." type="book" year="2007">Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Salinas River system, Roach also have been extirpated from the mainstem and now occur primarily in tributaries such as Arroyo Seco (J.J. Smith, pers. comm. 2009) and Gabilan Creek, although recent survey information is lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97DF346F0FCC03FF2FDF6EFF395669" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FF2FDF6EFED65541" bold="true" box="[199,271,1375,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Status</emphasis>
|
||
. Monterey Roach are apparently still numerous and widely distributed in smaller streams in much of their native range, but the DPS has been largely extirpated from the mainstem Pajaro and Salinas River systems due to habitat alteration, degraded water quality and quantity and alien species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FC1BDF96FBA255F9" author="Smith, J. J." box="[1011,1147,1447,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="83 - 170" refId="ref15501" refString="Smith, J. J. (1982) Fishes of the Pajaro River system. University of California Publications in Zoology, 115, 83 - 170." type="journal article" year="1982">Smith 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FB6FDF99FB1D55F9" author="Smith, J. J." box="[1159,1220,1448,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref15530" refString="Smith, J. J. (2007) Steelhead Distribution and Ecology in the Upper Pajaro River System and Mainstem Pajaro River. Unpublished Report 7, Department of Biology, San Jose State University. Ca. 40 pp." type="book" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Long-term trends are not known but populations are likely fewer and more fragmented than historically.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FB90DFFDFA8F55DC" author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J." box="[1144,1366,1484,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14653" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E. & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd edition. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento Ca. 300 pp. https: // www. wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / Fishes / Special-Concern" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FB21DFFCFADD55DD" box="[1225,1284,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed them as a state Species of Special Concern (IUCN status of Near-threatened) and noted they were “highly vulnerable” to climate change due to potential reductions in stream flow throughout the watersheds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9A2C56F0FCC03FAF8DC25FF0D5669" author="Moyle, P. B. & Kiernan, J. D. & Crain, P. K. & Quinones, R. M." pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="63883" refId="ref14451" refString="Moyle, P. B., Kiernan, J. D., Crain, P. K. & Quinones, R. M. (2013) Climate change vulnerability of native and alien freshwater fishes of California: a systematic assessment approach. PLoS One, 8 (5), e 63883." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C03266F0FCC03FA8BDC24FA455615" box="[1379,1436,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |