187 lines
14 KiB
XML
187 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6d57f42-5e7f-4ed9-af54-c273d3c4021c" ID-PMC="PMC6299058" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-805-1" ID-PubMed="30584390" ID-ZBK="888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-805-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 805" ModsDocTitle="Three new “caecate” earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" checkinTime="1545315509439" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fahri, Fahri, Amaliah, Rizki, Suryobroto, Bambang, Atmowidi, Tri & Anh D. Nguyen," docDate="2018" docId="7778CA3C3531EEE7F2D79FEE076DFB0D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 805: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 805" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834" docTitle="Pithemera tadulako Fahri, Amaliah & Atmowidi, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="AA5F18DC-2EFC-4EC8-A5A9-3C9DDD08E4CC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE0B86FAD524F63FFFAFF81F906FFB7" masterDocTitle="Three new " caecate " earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668166567207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new " caecate " earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fahri, Fahri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amaliah, Rizki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suryobroto, Bambang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Atmowidi, Tri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anh D. Nguyen,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>805</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.805.24834</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-805-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">888EA04C6C61479DA13496125528D032</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127376" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA5F18DC-2EFC-4EC8-A5A9-3C9DDD08E4CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7778CA3C3531EEE7F2D79FEE076DFB0D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AA5F18DC-2EFC-4EC8-A5A9-3C9DDD08E4CC" authority="Fahri, Amaliah & Atmowidi" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pithemera tadulako" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tadulako">Pithemera tadulako Fahri, Amaliah & Atmowidi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Holotype.1 mature (MZB Oli. 064), Puncak Jiti, natural forest, Lore Lindu National Park, Sigi district, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-1.4883333">01°29'18"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.035835">120°02'09"E</geoCoordinate>
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), elevation 1,370 m a.s.l., 28 May 2017, coll. Rizki Amaliah,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mus’af">Mus'af</normalizedToken>
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, Donny Aprilyanto. Paratypes. 2 matures (MZB Oli. 065), same data as for holotype. 1 mature (UNTAD Oli. 009), ca. 50 meters southwest of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kalimpa’a">Kalimpa'a</normalizedToken>
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Lake (riverside entrance/inlet
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kalimpa’a">Kalimpa'a</normalizedToken>
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Lake), secondary forest, Lore Lindu National Park, Poso dis
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">trict</pageBreakToken>
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, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-1.3258333">01°19'33"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.30806">120°18'29"E</geoCoordinate>
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), elevation 1,600 m a.s.l, 26 August 2017, coll. F Fahri, Sahlan, Evans Madiyono, Sucipto Suherman. 1 mature (UNTAD Oli. 010), ca. 50 meters north of the edge of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kalimpa’a">Kalimpa'a</normalizedToken>
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Lake, around a water reservoir, same data as for paratypes, 11 November 2017, coll. Sahlan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Large size, length 217-340 mm, diameter 13-15 mm, segments 120-123; darkish blue on dorsum, purplish brown around clitellum and yellowish white on ventrum. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Setae 42-56 in v, 48-65 in vii, 44-69 in viii and 55 in xxv, and no setae between male porophores in xviii. Spermathecal pores lateroventrally paired in 7/8/9. Male pores paired, discharging directly onto surface of xviii. Genital markings absent. Holandric.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The species is named after the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="well–known">well-known</normalizedToken>
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Tadulako University in central Sulawesi.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Tadulako’">'Tadulako'</normalizedToken>
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means a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘leader’">'leader'</normalizedToken>
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in indigenous culture of central Sulawesi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">External characters. Body generally cylindrical; large size, length 217-340 mm, diameter 13-14 mm at x and 15 mm at xx, segments 120-123. Darkish blue on dorsum, purplish brown around clitellum and yellowish white on ventrum, especially for living specimens (Fig. 3A). After fixation, color grayish blue on dorsum and yellowish white on ventrum.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pithemera tadulako" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tadulako">Pithemera tadulako</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. A Living specimen (lateral view); B Spermathecal pore; C Spermathecae, right side on intrasegmental 7/8/9 (am = ampulla; dv = diverticulum); D Prostate gland; E Male pore region (mp = male pore); F Intestinal caecum. Scale bars: 50 mm (A), 1 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–F">B-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Setae 42-56 in v, 48-65 in vii, 44-69 in viii and 55 at xxv, no setae between male porophores in xviii; setae distance aa=1-1.2ab, zz=1-2zy. Clitellum annular,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xiv–xvi">xiv-xvi</normalizedToken>
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, smooth without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, mid-ventral in xiv.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spermathecal pores small, lateroventrally paired in 7/8/9 (Fig. 3B). No genital markings in the spermathecal region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male pores small, forming vertical lines, paired and discharging directly onto surface of xviii (Fig. 3E); copulatory pouches absent; ventral distance between pores approx. 0.02x body circumference. Genital markings absent in the male region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Internal characters. Septa 3/4/5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9 absent, 9/10/11/12/13 thin. Pharyngeal gizzard within
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<normalizedToken originalValue="viii–x">viii-x</normalizedToken>
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. Last hearts in xiii. Intestine originating at xv; caeca originating at xxii, extending anteriorly to xx, simple (Fig. 3F). Oesophageal pouches absent. Typhlosole simple.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Two pairs of large spermathecae in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="viii–ix">viii-ix</normalizedToken>
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. Spermathecal ampulla oval; duct stout and very short; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Diverticulum claviform, much shorter than ampulla, attached to ducts (Fig. 3C). No accessory glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Holandric. Testes sacs paired in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="x–xi">x-xi</normalizedToken>
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, large, separated, ventral, yellowish. Seminal vesicles in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xi–xii">xi-xii</normalizedToken>
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. Ovaries paired on xiii. Prostate glands racemose, paired in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="xvii–xix">xvii-xix</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 3D). Prostatic ducts
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<normalizedToken originalValue="U–shaped">U-shaped</normalizedToken>
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, but invisible from dorsal view because of being hidden under prostate glands. No accessory glands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Specimens were collected in Puncak Jiti, Toro village, South Kulawi sub-district, Sigi district at 1,370 m a.s.l. and near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kalimpa’a">Kalimpa'a</normalizedToken>
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Lake, Lore Lindu National Park at 1,600 m a.s.l. This species was found on the surface of soils after rains that contains a lot of leaf litter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The new species is totally different from species groups divided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Sims, RW" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="169 - 268" title="A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1972.tb00694.x" volume="4" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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in first spermathecal pores in 7/8 and two thecal segments. The new species is clearly different from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pithemera" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pithemera</taxonomicName>
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species in its very large size (length
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">217</pageBreakToken>
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-340 mm, diameter 13-14 mm at x and 15 mm at xx, segments 120-123), and color of living specimens (dark blue on dorsum, purplish brown around clitellum, and yellowish white on ventrum, color after fixation grayish blue on dorsum and yellowish white on ventrum).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The new species is somewhat similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. viengthongensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="viengthongensis">P. viengthongensis</taxonomicName>
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Hong &James, 2008 from Laos by having spermathecal pores in 7/8/9 and absence of genital markings. However,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tadulako" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="tadulako">P. tadulako</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is long (217-340 mm), and has more setae on vii (48-65), spermathecal ampulla being oval, ducts enlarged, short and stout; diverticulum cylindrical, shorter than ampulla. In contrast,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. viengthongensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="viengthongensis">P. viengthongensis</taxonomicName>
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is short (39 mm), has fewer setae on vii (37), spermathecal ampulla being ovate, smooth surface, duct short, thick; diverticulum stalk long and slender, chamber and chili-shaped. Moreover, two species are also distinguished by ventral distance between male porophores (0.02x body circumference in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tadulako" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="tadulako">P. tadulako</taxonomicName>
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vs. 0.31x in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. viengthongensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="viengthongensis">P. viengthongensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |