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<mods:title id="E37E94E48BCD28D257E2328B0168AF46">Some ascidians from the southern coast of Madagascar collected during the “ AtimoVatae ” survey</mods:title>
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<heading id="E30BE765FF8EFF8F71A5C867FD996F41" bold="true" box="[151,551,1026,1053]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8EFF8F71A5C867FD996F41" authority="Monniot, 1988" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,551,1026,1053]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Cystodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solitus">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8EFF8F71A5C867FD996F41" bold="true" box="[151,551,1026,1053]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8EFF8F71A5C867FED56F40" bold="true" box="[151,363,1027,1053]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cystodytes solitus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8EFF8F7041C866FD996F41" author="Monniot" box="[371,551,1026,1052]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Monniot, F. (1988) Ascidies de Nouvelle Caledonie. V. Polycitoridae du lagon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (4), 10 A (2), 197 - 235." type="journal article" year="1988">Monniot, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8EFF8F71A5C842FEAB6F63" blockId="30.[151,551,1026,1086]" box="[151,277,1062,1086]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F71ACC842FEB36F63" box="[158,269,1062,1086]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8EFF8F71A5C80AFD8F6FDE" authority="Monniot F, 1988: 223" authorityName="Monniot F" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,561,1134,1156]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Cystodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solitus">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8EFF8F71A5C80AFEF36FD9" box="[151,333,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cystodytes solitus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="395D7618FF8EFF8F7066C80AFD8F6FDE" author="Monniot" box="[340,561,1134,1156]" page="223" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8EFF8F7066C80AFDBF6FDE" author="Monniot" box="[340,513,1134,1156]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Monniot, F. (1988) Ascidies de Nouvelle Caledonie. V. Polycitoridae du lagon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (4), 10 A (2), 197 - 235." type="journal article" year="1988">Monniot F, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 223
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fig 12 ac,
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8EFF8F7399C80BFCF56FD9" box="[683,843,1134,1156]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
;
<treatmentCitation id="395D7618FF8EFF8F7264C80AFB7A6FDE" author="Monniot" box="[854,1220,1134,1156]" page="133" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8EFF8F7264C80AFB2A6FD9" author="Monniot" box="[854,1172,1134,1156]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C. (2006) Ascidies (Polyclinidae, Pseudodistomidae et Polycitoridae) de l'ouest de l'ocean indien. Zoosystema, 28 (1), 113 - 156." type="journal article" year="2006">Monniot F &amp; Monniot C. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 133
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fig. 26B, and synonymy
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8EFF8F71C8C8E8FEC86FFF" box="[250,374,1164,1186]" name="Madagascar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8EFF8F70B2C8E8FE586FFF" box="[384,486,1164,1186]" name="Mauritius" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8EFF8F71A5C8AAFC0D6FBA" blockId="30.[151,1437,1230,1652]" box="[151,947,1230,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8EFF8F71A5C8AAFF426FBA" bold="true" box="[151,252,1230,1255]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stations.</emphasis>
TA 35 (MNHN A3 CYS 137). TA 52 (MNHN A3 CYS 138).
</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8EFF8F71F5C897FE956E56" box="[199,299,1267,1291]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Salomon</collectingCountry>
Isl. Bellona, 21°
<geoCoordinate id="DDC836CEFF8EFF8F70D1C897FDF46E56" box="[483,586,1267,1291]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="55" value="-26.403">26.403 S</geoCoordinate>
158°
<geoCoordinate id="DDC836CEFF8EFF8F73B8C897FD486E56" box="[650,758,1267,1291]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="55" value="58.139">58.139 E</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<date id="CC4276C9FF8EFF8F7201C897FC0D6E56" box="[819,947,1267,1291]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2002-04-21">21/04/2002</date>
(MNHN A3 CYS 125) P. Laboute coll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8EFF8F71F5C973FD8E6D5A" blockId="30.[151,1437,1230,1652]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The colonies form thick crusts with a round edge (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F7231C973FCD06E72" box="[771,878,1303,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
,B). The tunic is brown and the surface layer contains small round spicules around the siphon apertures (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F723CC95FFCDC6E0E" box="[782,866,1339,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
B). The zooids are arranged in circular systems, in which the atrial openings are tightly grouped in the centre. The zooid apertures appear in a dark brown colour. The tunic is opaque and does not let see the calcareous plate-like capsules encasing the zooids. Small spicules, in balls of needles, are scattered between the capsules. The dark brown zooids (in formalin) have the general structure of the genus. A pedunculate brooding pouch (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F73BBC9AFFD636EBE" box="[649,733,1483,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
C) is appended at the oesophagus level and contains a single brown larva
<quantity id="7F04FDECFF8EFF8F7016C98BFECD6D5A" box="[292,371,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F7089C98BFDB36D5A" box="[443,525,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8EFF8F71F5CA77FC7C6D2E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1230,1652]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The characteristic look of this species is due to the abundant didemnid- like spicules at the surface layer of the colony and the dark tips of the siphons (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8EFF8F736FCA53FD766D12" box="[605,712,1591,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 A" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1357]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25 A, Cystodytes solitus: A, colony; B, colony surface; C, zooid with incubatory pouch; D, larva. Scale bars C, D = 0; 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246207/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
,B). The large dark larva in a pedunculate brooding pouch ascertains the identification which is always difficult in the genus
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8EFF8F7273CA3FFC7C6D2E" box="[833,962,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8EFF8F7273CA3FFC006D2E" box="[833,958,1627,1651]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Cystodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cystodytes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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