treatments-xml/data/19/16/79/1916794A5F1357E1A3A4033328A1C9C6.xml

<document id="0227DB7BC4F8CE6DA7D5696697CE24E5" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988" ID-publisher-id="121988" URI-arpha="DA787C6A-F566-53A8-8CE4-1DB250259EB2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722263393642" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2024" docId="1916794A5F1357E1A3A4033328A1C9C6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 245: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 245" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/121988/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Lycianthes oliveriana Bitter" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="DA787C6AF56653A88CE41DB250259EB2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in tropical Asia" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1722270899297" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="3032D5B0C02ACC441E835582F81F1CAB">A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in tropical Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D687FB0C0C1033628AECC39C989CE51">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E302A3785A9B0D77F8201DB6B4D87835">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1916794A5F1357E1A3A4033328A1C9C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13123728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13123728" ID-arpha="1916794A-5F13-57E1-A3A4-033328A1C9C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1916794A5F1357E1A3A4033328A1C9C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1916794A5F1357E1A3A4033328A1C9C6">
<subSubSection id="D20A4F902395D8BE0E2232B4A89375E2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="239FF1137AAFDBEA17D297D911BD60CD">
<heading id="1AB376BE22E5266A447F75EC26222B42" reason="label">6.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="7903A296DFE72C147115A8F556B216EC" ID-CoL="8S78J" authority="(Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum.) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="FE9E8286879912629525F487B1F53478" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
(Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum.) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins 
<collectingRegion id="692F4FB281D5D7D8D6C2C81F56E6F6A1" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as “ Oliveriana ”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="279C70D24E49A17282F63B40D2F99BB2" type="description">
<paragraph id="44C18A728415EA9C255B883BA239CC63">
<figureCitation id="C07B9C856C51CEC4ACED490154DED0BB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calyx appendage variation of Lycianthes in Asia A L. biflora with 10 equal calyx appendages (Nuraliev s. n, Vietnam [no voucher]) B L. laevis with 5 calyx appendages (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207886) C L. parasitica with small, nub-like calyx appendages (Pelser &amp; Barcelona s. n., Philippines; DOL 84744) D L. oliveriana with thick, warty calyces with no appendages (Damas et al. SAJ- 1050, Papua New Guinea) E L. schizocalyx with long flower pedicels and 10 unequal calyx appendages (Heyer s. n., Philippines; DOL 151906) F L. shunningensis with 10 strongly reflexed calyx appendages (Averyanov 887, Laos). Photograph credits: A Maxim Nuraliev B Wendy Mustaqim C Pieter B. Pelser &amp; Julie F. Barcelona D Shelley James E Philippe Heyer F Leonid Averyanov. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103796">Figs 3 D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="85CAAA9891CF480676CE100765C38542" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Lycianthes oliveriana (Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum) herbarium specimen. Indonesia. Maluku, Kornassi 649 (K 000922900). Copyright Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, reproduced with permission. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000922900." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103809">16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B31E889E0188EA97B52E04B7C5FD243D" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8F6D4C4D47AF0B413E9D115C346AD901">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6CAE6F494AC0EB2EB26EE5B94260C065">
<treatmentCitation id="4FE526B54D7774884051D1B13FBF5B99">
<taxonomicName id="C11E95ABB1217C71BA9CF0706E551550" ID-CoL="8S8X3" authority="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum." authorityName="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliverianum">
<emphasis id="19DEA01E4C234C53BC59FC84A9D3B214" italics="true">Solanum oliverianum</emphasis>
Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum.
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann &amp; Lauterbach] 535. 1901, as “ Oliverianum ”
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="39DD7607C827576ACACFA4A975419F2A" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Sanduan / 
<collectingRegion id="EBA760BD521719E48DBE7A9DD942F35B" country="Papua New Guinea" name="East Sepik">East Sepik</collectingRegion>
: “ Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Augustafluss ”, 
<date id="67E395EFBBF6866025C8388FAD249D5B" value="1887-09">Sep 1887</date>
, 
<emphasis id="318C99EBA3156C05AE6E92E7A32E8467" italics="true">M. Hollrung 776</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="F5CB2635287B3F4D0E627048BD779188" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="FCB8EC1AD4BA50D46154EF38B5BB26B8" author="Symon" firstAuthor="Symon" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pagination="1-171" refId="B123" refString="Symon DE (1985) The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1–171." title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 56: K [K 000759399]; 
<typeStatus id="CC20D625C9634D88FB39F3BADE258FCE" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: HBG [HBG- 511470], L [L 0003651], LE [LE 00016994], MEL [MEL 104160], P [P 00379610]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BAAAC7A34FF5113046CE3E59F00FFD7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F5D884C52993AEB741633984CF391989">
<treatmentCitation id="00AA33D3FCBB176DE3E13A3A54AD4BCE" author="" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="93" score="144.29617767960897" volume="55" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="C55AD41ECA43EFA1AE18C87DB9180B6D" ID-CoL="8SF6B" authority="Bitter &amp; Schltr." authorityName="Bitter &amp; Schltr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memecylonoides">
<emphasis id="FA35B2609CC5DE57BE266667A7054036" italics="true">Solanum memecylonoides</emphasis>
Bitter &amp; Schltr.
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 93. 1917
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="9264B452FB911E05C60988B02689FAE8" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Sanduan: “ Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Torricelli-Geb [irges] ”, 
<quantity id="73F9E0DB078E9CF15E0B205899021BBB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FA03A9B3BC429E3FB777020264C107DD" value="1909-09-18">18 Sep 1909</date>
, 
<emphasis id="661746F9D7AD942756D645F5541270B3" italics="true">F. R. R. Schlechter 20256</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="33DDB1438D6C7FF0CC338E4CD817FFAD" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: B [destroyed]; 
<typeStatus id="68054B86C5C5F49097F2682E5011A01D" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="2190C0F3EF28B37FECDB1646FA5CF722" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 81: P [P 00379576]; 
<typeStatus id="3F1FD60BD32CF108A721D302623D20F9" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
: BR [BR 0000005528844]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6551585C0245AF4A633F13B95F3D7F5B">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D0E73642732DEFC4798AD626A61DA904">
<treatmentCitation id="7ABC6D1E0A7BF5AD58C0B8A9138FA4C2" author="Bitter" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="94" score="144.29617767960897" volume="55" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="6841A99F2FFA5BCED6B084D1DB6F237A" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="memecylonoides" variety="finisterrae">
<emphasis id="938582C39E6879F7C318157B8C1EDDE0" italics="true">Solanum memecylonoides</emphasis>
Bitter &amp; Schltr. 
<emphasis id="26796104882A9C8248EB4AB53BEFC2DB" italics="true">var. finisterrae</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 94. 1917
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="7782284557F4710662BBA511B01F4EC5" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="671AD8BE51DD0B6E86DCB326FB860D37" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang">Madang</collectingRegion>
: “ Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Finisterre-Gebirge ”, 
<quantity id="178E0B407237B0D227CE63DFCBE97675" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="52B83598E97EC663F001AB01F8A6665D" value="1908-07-03">3 Jul 1908</date>
, 
<emphasis id="1DEB2F82EFF3A4A22CA7063B1503BC98" italics="true">F. R. R. Schlechter 17961</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="7E84F5104A9F9FFA21489E5C8D78495D" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: B [destroyed]; 
<typeStatus id="20BFCBDD3B1C492C3812C947468E1079" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA17B7ED16D821F96A66CEDFE6F09F51" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 81: P [P 00379575]; 
<typeStatus id="19A0A2AE549A29EC40ED37C441201A33" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
: UC [cited by 
<treatmentCitation id="75ED46EE2243A80A86241CBB6CE235BB">
<bibRefCitation id="D224367DE75A619B522F00E3B819D480" author="Symon" firstAuthor="Symon" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pagination="1-171" refId="B123" refString="Symon DE (1985) The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1–171." title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, not seen nor on UC / JEPS database]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4EE326A24AFAA001737B7F64541624FE">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="969668C19DCB5E061A17B329E2CFAC47">
<treatmentCitation id="9579164CFB4C3159215996C482A26885" author="Bitter" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="95" score="144.29617767960897" volume="55" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="79936B3694C558D364244E8DDA875873" ID-CoL="6Z63S" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balanidium">
<emphasis id="7B1212929875A49CD0E7EC5873CB63F1" italics="true">Solanum balanidium</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 95. 1917
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="8E886F0C2CEEF59A45C0D26088843915" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="482F32BF9CC2E00B47F654FDC430EC16" country="Papua New Guinea" name="East Sepik">East Sepik</collectingRegion>
: “ Hunsteinspitz ” [Mount Hunstein], 
<quantity id="883567B7B4C970592AD84689A39A5005" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, Feb-Mar 1913, 
<emphasis id="D0EC22C759127988B7BBAAA978FF61D3" italics="true">C. L. Ledermann 11332</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8D1F3E37B6EB6078AAEC387A5EC8DE86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: B [destroyed]). 
<collectingCountry id="C7B51D6C5A5084E9A05E4C8F78734E13" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="0EB9FDE4E16B036E4877B40098F8CDA5" country="Papua New Guinea" name="East Sepik">East Sepik</collectingRegion>
: Hunstein range, (Mt. Samsai) at site “ Camp 3 ” on slopes above main streamcourse, 
<quantity id="E313106953525550FAD6399DF3122D78" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="F9A9597A179205C5E17D0298D4E347B9" value="1990-07-17">17 Jul 1990</date>
, 
<emphasis id="A2A42C60A6FE27AD797ADDEBCF36699E" italics="true">W. N. Takeuchi 6156</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="0D0636F68AB825003682981FA55B1AFF" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="8ECF2889833008E9B59500A0B45CE88A" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 81: LAE [acc. # 293351]; 
<typeStatus id="26D924FBD47FBC84CE2E2418F1827A43" type="isoneotype">isoneotypes</typeStatus>
: A [00619947, 00619957], BISH [acc. # 618017], K [K 001153745, K 000922457, K 000922458], L [L. 2881432, L. 2882048], MO [acc. # 4235181], NSW [NSW 825821], 
<collectionCode id="ACD9D3A85EE018BF50BE2EFD2A94E09C" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[01404956, 02286515], 
<collectingCountry id="81283D2D5B5D4774A6645CCFEE7D13A9" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
[01253664, acc. # 3723521]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEB15A3DCA28B7E636B59F16D417772E">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5BF75B098AED861763F5F32FBFD84E24">
<treatmentCitation id="7BDA97CC95A216F8B91B64470CE322B7" author="Bitter" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="107" score="144.29617767960897" volume="55" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="1708D6589361B3B3BFDE53D0691EA093" ID-CoL="8S8WW" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledermannii">
<emphasis id="93237B82279CAFF720353F866F353A79" italics="true">Solanum ledermannii</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 107. 1917, as “ Ledermannii ”
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="10D80D92E73B1789B239F4712FFD8C21" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D441CE58EE37576C2CD721DFAB1E3C53" country="Papua New Guinea" name="East Sepik">East Sepik</collectingRegion>
: “ Etappenberg ” [between Kamelrücken and Bambooberg 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EH5GK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[142.483333,-4.633333]}">4 ° 38 ' S, 142 ° 29 ' E</named-content>
, fide 
<bibRefCitation id="B0FEA5FEDE1A22207C963F59A6D0DF3C" author="Veldkamp" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Veldkamp" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana Bulletin" pagination="32-38" refId="B129" refString="Veldkamp JF, Vink W, Frodin DG (1988) XI. Ledermann’s and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea. Flora Malesiana Bulletin 10: 32–38." title="XI. Ledermann’s and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="10" year="1988">Veldkamp et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
], 
<quantity id="555836D4BEB5093A249D41C4A26CD3DD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="07E35CD9AE2A2E815A811E22EC7B6109" value="1912-10">Oct 1912</date>
, 
<emphasis id="CDD58FDF016FA5B5C515B92776B3F5E5" italics="true">C. L. Ledermann 9214</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D9ACC6A5FCD7724262BD991195C8EC98" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: B [destroyed]). 
<collectingCountry id="74F6F5B7585279EB0FD52BB5078F9728" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="0A7C8129D80421228C8B08D9D876EF47" country="Papua New Guinea" name="East Sepik">East Sepik</collectingRegion>
: Amboin, Angoram subdistrict, 
<quantity id="95FA6BC1DF4455B62E2FA95E615774DE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="E446E388220A7FDABBCF8E86AF66E715" value="1967-07-29">29 Jul 1967</date>
, 
<emphasis id="0A8084C56887217019325BBE555F0311" italics="true">A. N. Millar &amp; A. W. Dockrill NGF- 35176</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="1CE18B3FAB3BCA95B449513E1633EAF1" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<treatmentCitation id="8AFC000AF74A710CD22893D1AB9C48C5">
<bibRefCitation id="A123CF1E046A324E00FC9B2DD696EEEE" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pg. 81: LAE [acc. # 89947]; 
<typeStatus id="0868B69A6E7DD824135887439D5AD666" type="isoneotype">isoneotypes</typeStatus>
: BRI [n. v.], L [L. 2881436]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A4BD91931D42FE0E1FDA824AB66A5BF">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A8BC040A231AF0498245BB2811747A26">
<treatmentCitation id="B35C6188673D94F2433CD95A950D703D">
<taxonomicName id="64BC336D523DAA7E82D17616F405343F" ID-CoL="3WK3H" authority="(Bitter) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balanidium">
<emphasis id="99F9A146B022FD49ABE62675ABF2C3C0" italics="true">Lycianthes balanidium</emphasis>
(Bitter) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins 
<collectingRegion id="6EFD5CF9436528851F78484A1202EF4E" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 504. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="3D47351DAF6988E5617103B8D9E5B2C3">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="2086B812779FDFFC5428BA0A65E27B3A" ID-CoL="6Z63S" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balanidium">
<emphasis id="FEF9EEA156C7BA3E112105ED784D7F34" italics="true">Solanum balanidium</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="125410B9B0BA926BD7A4B91C98A94616">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="32C783A2074384CEA4A55CC2E2A1F82B">
<treatmentCitation id="E985130880801D01EACFE1369991D91C">
<taxonomicName id="DE38770DFA4204F02BB2F5B3B6E565F5" ID-CoL="8S8WW" authority="(Bitter) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledermannii">
<emphasis id="FD291977C50B4C82848D6DC4571998A7" italics="true">Lycianthes ledermannii</emphasis>
(Bitter) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins 
<collectingRegion id="34E11EAE6FED663C317D96378A5A6751" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as “ Ledermannii ”
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="8B2146A891F990359CCAF6883E2D3805">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="9349F2541762C80D94B7E8B748357BEE" ID-CoL="8S8WW" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledermannii">
<emphasis id="C27CD87C3B918B0C3EB492AEFA83015C" italics="true">Solanum ledermannii</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C79002492C7C1BD4046070B3655F63D">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="665045B91EEDCE442A2D1956DAB04A3C">
<treatmentCitation id="9C3BB06297E04B1F5C317C6C996198A2">
<taxonomicName id="664769578B66668C921DB99ECFB23752" ID-CoL="8SF6B" authority="(Bitter &amp; Schltr.) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Bitter &amp; Schltr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memecylonoides">
<emphasis id="45BEB000388AC97BD8D84DE7E82273A5" italics="true">Lycianthes memecylonoides</emphasis>
(Bitter &amp; Schltr.) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins 
<collectingRegion id="B62954BF2CC8364898AF1B6EFFB6F137" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 504. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="B6B2456556218AA5A4DDCE1045F218B2">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="2B14CD71835188CA95E4E279E7EE66EB" authority="Bitter &amp; Schltr." authorityName="Bitter &amp; Schltr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memecyloniodes">
<emphasis id="8684CD924A1A4CAD63ADDA3528CEE1AF" italics="true">Solanum memecyloniodes</emphasis>
Bitter &amp; Schltr.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDBHK" type="material">
<paragraph id="F4DF9A9AC5451575FB9AFE60639CA6A2">
<heading id="E0195305186A20763AAE2AAB1A991502" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="1FC1B3B99577D175A4E6C0D5D374473F">Type</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA3B7C292A59B9D324E81BB93A1953DB">
Based on 
<taxonomicName id="C2F737779A16C66DA58DFE78E62FDACC" authority="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum." authorityName="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliverianum">
<emphasis id="ED1FEE367A09C3047017F2BEA9C3C505" italics="true">Solanum oliverianum</emphasis>
Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUBHK" type="description">
<paragraph id="C6FAC601EE173F2CA98744D7337A0E15">
<heading id="4AC8169B68D1832FB67C180BEDBDD5ED" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="193406919CFC011B984E9769F76C63B4">
Woody climbers or lianas, sometimes described as shrubs, to 3 + m tall (often described on labels “ beautiful ” e. g., 
<emphasis id="B3B24968809E80D39B87B4D554A29214" italics="true">van Royen &amp; Sleumer 7716</emphasis>
from New 
<collectingCountry id="8EA8F9D33A2A982F70E601E83D253608" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
); stems terete, glabrous; new growth glabrous or minutely papillate with tiny 1–2 - celled weak simple uniseriate trichomes less than 
<quantity id="BF7378EA6EBE70111D609577384FC648" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long, these soon deciduous; bark of older stems whitish grey, peeling and flaking, somewhat rugose and thick. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate, the leaves of a pair differing in size but not in shape. Leaves simple; blades of major leaves (6.5) 
<quantity id="9054895170C48084508899416C00618D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="9.0">9–25 cm</quantity>
long, (2.8) 
<quantity id="DF1CEBBA36499FD23774D868AAF280E0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
wide (perhaps larger but not collected), elliptic, slightly discolorous, thick and coriaceous or chartaceous; adaxial surfaces glabrous, somewhat shiny; abaxial surfaces glabrous; principal veins 6–8 pairs, the midrib slightly keeled above, sometimes drying yellowish tan; base acute, often somewhat oblique; margins entire, revolute; apex acute or acuminate with an elongate drip-tip; petioles 
<quantity id="EA4C9FA7161576A3861DFA7CE253B125" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous; blades of minor leaves 
<quantity id="5C9AD571C910AE40E78EC108CA84DD21" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.0">4–9 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C6C1EA52A5F083FD98277223A398A6ED" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 cm</quantity>
wide, shape, texture and pubescence like that of the major leaves; base acute; margins entire, revolute; apex acute or acuminate, occasionally rounded; petioles 
<quantity id="62A0EAA1E0562F9837951EFE84C38A0A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="cm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous. Inflorescences dense axillary fascicles, occasionally woody and enlarged with what appear to be short, fat branches, these to 
<quantity id="82A4D85B78DA10E0A07809F306FFAA86" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
long, with 10–20 - flowers, several open at the same time, glabrous; pedicels at anthesis 
<quantity id="B75947E7C93FDF6492317273950B317A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.0">1–1.4 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="C967046A0EAF66A7FDBD53971FC17FE5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, ca. 
<quantity id="71A849F017AF2C58C066030821360F27" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the apex, spreading, glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly packed on the woody fascicle base. Buds plumply ellipsoid, the corolla ca. halfway exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5 - merous (4 - merous in 
<emphasis id="00DF74D9225ECDCA9F3FB594120E3382" italics="true">Takeuchi 23389</emphasis>
), heterostylous, specimens with either all short-styled flowers or long-styled flowers and fruit, the plants probably dioecious. Calyx tube 
<quantity id="3687F1A61C49E99E3DBDCBF71CF93089" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C2C113A8FCD954B7C5E11E4F98F54FA0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, deeply cup-shaped, usually described as purple or purplish blue, thick and fleshy, densely verrucose / tuberculate, without appendages, the rim somewhat hyaline ca. 
<quantity id="2B24F4E2BC623AC37FFDEFDDDF9D997C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, sparsely papillate. Corolla 
<quantity id="747CA3F8E706E4FFD430463F923A750E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, white or purple, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, interpetalar tissue absent, the lobes 
<quantity id="F4F38767E0F8DE41337A820ABEC89AF6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="C60DD86ECD9C4C0E36DEA8A164770A68" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
wide, spreading or reflexed, thick and fleshy (live plants), appearing woody in dry material, adaxially glabrous to densely papillate with a few weak trichomes distally, abaxially densely papillate somewhat verrucose, the tips and margins densely papillate, the midvein raised especially adaxially, the tips cucullate. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 
<quantity id="093AC502341DAE26C345ADA627B2093B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; anthers 
<quantity id="3E6D345996A43A59B8595CE4EB1AE819" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="4F44101BD9851E938DD33C3BDEDDB67B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, plumply ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, creamy white, yellow or purple, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores round, distally directed, not elongating with age. Ovary conical, glabrous, vestigial in short-styled flowers; styles less than 
<quantity id="2166346C15977507A7EA1E86232D6ADA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long and vestigial in short-styled flowers, 
<quantity id="5E29D99314A7934AA6E3C0A0508921DB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long in long-styled flowers, straight, glabrous; stigma slightly bilobed, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 
<quantity id="8871E16A3D19DE60C1018BC35EF76E6F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, green and becoming bluish black when ripe, the pericarp glabrous, thick and appearing woody in dry material, matte, opaque; fruiting pedicels 
<quantity id="721E11515372BC2E66D42AD4CD55EA67" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="cm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="48144B29CDF05C584E36EE3B76721736" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, 
<quantity id="D263DBFC462B35EBDBC46872021CA416" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the apex, spreading or erect (?), woody, corky and markedly verrucose / tuberculate; fruiting calyx a cup surrounding ca. the lower half of the berry (making the fruit look like an acorn), woody (fleshy in live plants) and verrucose / tuberculate both adaxially and abaxially, green flushed with purple (fide 
<emphasis id="04CEE83B0450DF21FBC8077B4DFDD461" italics="true">Polak 864</emphasis>
). Seeds 20–40 per berry, 
<quantity id="8E3475A57276B90DBB36D524D40C33A3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="02B5CB27BF639EA1B61E7C1F0C3CD9DC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide, flattened reniform or slightly tear-drop shape, reddish brown, the surfaces at the margins deeply pitted with pentagonal testal cells, the seed centre only shallowly pitted and the cells not clear, prominent “ hairy ” testal cell walls absent. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number not known.
</paragraph>
<caption id="681010D8F4736A2CFF8356D40AA964CC" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure16" ID-arpha="162B28C0-8855-5C5B-A389-6CE9BA378125" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103809" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="B988C3C81C88F3EFE8C0CE1B88681BED">
<label id="A020C92A7BF681AE33F70D31077F2B3B">Figure 16.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A26687D1142F91D3BA4976F150432AA">
<taxonomicName id="2D80CA3F76E30818D4ED54E7E17737BB" authority="(Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum)" baseAuthorityName="Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="150E0A3BCA3021495000382411B8FD2E" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
(Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum)
</taxonomicName>
herbarium specimen. Indonesia. Maluku, 
<emphasis id="AB73538681EB2A48B73AE905F046E044" italics="true">Kornassi 649</emphasis>
(K 000922900). Copyright Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, reproduced with permission. 
<ext-link id="B84ACC6D751DF3662BAA4E6DEF6518F3" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000922900" xlink_type="simple">http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000922900</ext-link>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6CHK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7FE0E85D079C80520BD2484B211FC7DC">
<heading id="DB567E5C2B14835E6D9C4291B011BD39" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB53877D17E6C4B651D67AF8000571BF">
<emphasis id="DEAFE451668975F4EF55BB878173EFA4" bold="true">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A23EE840A79F1CACE4A962412199133C" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Lycianthes oliveriana (including distribution on the island of New Guinea)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103810">17</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
In Asia 
<taxonomicName id="A2B5B0E5D0A01529474968627C2C4A49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="3A12AE96AC104E95F53C907BFD8A487F" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only in 
<collectingCountry id="E3D2AC1FC9E31467D8873FDF03A09256" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
on the 
<collectingCountry id="24DD620ADEC90AB7B303A1797FE55EF5" name="Indonesia">Maluku Islands</collectingCountry>
(Seram [
<collectingRegion id="93A7934871F626D4BD48C9EC18395A4E" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara">Maluku</collectingRegion>
] and Halmahera [
<collectingRegion id="C9EE3C1B266BA2324A9758440CEA0B5A" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara">Maluku Utara</collectingRegion>
]) but is widespread on the island of New 
<collectingCountry id="6A5F716FB9D29D200F6C1918A7EB9AAF" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
in both 
<collectingCountry id="C4500D8C257DF42989A5D673B1B8AC24" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="B9F5D8DE64B796354AA23061ADC1786B" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B571DF307400C8D990A0C44D6EA1D777" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8DAF6079CE43C47E71C8C5DB01C82F37" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure17" ID-arpha="F32342DD-A545-5D35-A28A-ED53B32D9DD8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103810" startId="F17">
<paragraph id="3B393E9A9433D0A6CE11598BE629CDEF">
<label id="973FC1D4E84900801DD9954727890A2F">Figure 17.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2F9F5DAA3FCFD01A477EB1B9617DE3">
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="7498B67E70E1A5F5FF3E5CA8B49FF330" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="4BBAC5B0631729FA15202217D67D61B6" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including distribution on the island of New Guinea).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETEHK" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="4A9B184306560EA24B473AEAAAD8F468">
<heading id="F35045240999A37561AF830FBB839F97" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9AA7040CB492AD5F545CA12D0E3CF4A">
<taxonomicName id="02A598A18E5BCF40E5361855FC386F51" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="D021985CEB7B67AFF23A223BD2A271E2" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in lowland to montane and premontane rainforests, from almost sea level to 
<quantity id="FAEA37A4E2BB83A6B5B5DA5F1F38E503" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</quantity>
elevation. On New 
<collectingCountry id="A408167FF8C3954CBDFF95A3199B616F" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
this wide elevational range is accompanied by much variation in leaf size and shape (
<bibRefCitation id="3163C0BD4C3D28C91FECEF3882A84C97" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIFHK" type="Common names">
<paragraph id="91FCAEA4D60617E5845257EFD587BF80">
<heading id="EC56CC7D168F88DF73931849A504F3E8" reason="title">Common names.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DE7B08217107D916F86A31B05E2C5CF">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENFHK" type="Preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph id="6C2A373451A4DD3CD8A99D700591D0D0">
<heading id="F1E4D8F8D60C8616B45EE9644553510E" reason="title">Preliminary conservation assessment</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DA85F46B8E5A7859314DB2781A5114E">
<emphasis id="6F6E97631213E0F2A38018A65FC60E2D" bold="true">
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B84BDF7FB93866D2C58E8328FBC6527" refId="B64" refString="IUCN (2020) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1FHK" xlink_title="Extent of Occurrence">EOO</abbrev>
(
<quantity id="C0EEA31187936972B8139E2DD877434F" metricMagnitude="9" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.00629" unit="km" value="1006290.0">1,006,290 km</quantity>
<superScript id="D08DAFDC08B30D1D047F97CB98031830">2</superScript>
- 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAGHK" xlink_title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev>
); 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEGHK" xlink_title="Area of Occurrence">AOO</abbrev>
(
<quantity id="01353207D3A68A9C61462E8880820DF7" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="km" value="156.0">156 km</quantity>
<superScript id="6950E1281BA47F8BF3CEA934D7DF2132">2</superScript>
- 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKGHK" xlink_title="Endangered">EN</abbrev>
). 
<taxonomicName id="41DE1E2CF00E2652176B5F30F25C4B3C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="4FB7D7F9BB6643D82A3A43F3E7298934" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from more than 10 localities at a wide variety of elevations; the assessment here is based on its entire distribution. It occurs within protected areas in both 
<collectingCountry id="2528DCF0443B2FD0475640E3B911893F" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="367555B26E4834CF06DFE25D1A29AEC4" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="436C9D5EC88CC008680D1B801E93170A" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
). This suggests a preliminary threat status of either Least Concern (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4GHK" xlink_title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev>
) or Near Threatened (NT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBHHK" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4AA94C139F187A58EFFBF161F478F315">
<heading id="2455CD780AAA0299A4AF5BCE20FACAA9" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5A38F8B919F4A1C0E4B6D6B89CF4F1E">
<taxonomicName id="FB8577F3CD14F6EF5BCBBEF2EAA1E063" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="04DE5BAE422812C18751B42F2F3B72EF" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive species with many-flowered axillary inflorescences, relatively small (ca. 
<quantity id="D6061B975B7C7F3D525D86DF9758327F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter) flowers with valvate aestivation and thick fleshy corollas, plump, ellipsoid to slight obellipsoid anthers and somewhat warty calyces with no appendages (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A6B66F83BA6529A651F3978FCC2C08E2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calyx appendage variation of Lycianthes in Asia A L. biflora with 10 equal calyx appendages (Nuraliev s. n, Vietnam [no voucher]) B L. laevis with 5 calyx appendages (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207886) C L. parasitica with small, nub-like calyx appendages (Pelser &amp; Barcelona s. n., Philippines; DOL 84744) D L. oliveriana with thick, warty calyces with no appendages (Damas et al. SAJ- 1050, Papua New Guinea) E L. schizocalyx with long flower pedicels and 10 unequal calyx appendages (Heyer s. n., Philippines; DOL 151906) F L. shunningensis with 10 strongly reflexed calyx appendages (Averyanov 887, Laos). Photograph credits: A Maxim Nuraliev B Wendy Mustaqim C Pieter B. Pelser &amp; Julie F. Barcelona D Shelley James E Philippe Heyer F Leonid Averyanov. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103796">3 D</figureCitation>
). The berries appear to have a slightly woody pericarp; this woodiness coupled with the somewhat accrescent calyx tube gives the fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="4BDD0218EC225A1D348AE053221B11EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="10768F0E8F5F4EFF37412B534E4023E8" italics="true">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the look of tiny acorns. 
<taxonomicName id="939CDDD876B5AD612E1E86E5AD692562" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="BEF363AA32F3B4BD93C8C588456C33FF" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be dioecious, with long- and short-styled flowers on different plants. This needs confirmation in the field, and 
<taxonomicName id="3399559F4AE71A2C62DFFBF127064D96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="B058D8309B13CD8F30DE0652D30D5421" italics="true">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be an ideal subject for a reproductive biology study since it is relatively common and widely distributed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98A2E779A3BD77A2410DEE43A3CDDCFD">
<taxonomicName id="B7584590A6E7A7379116037F63086E0F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="210075A0B73C78A561079E2B73ED172C" italics="true">Lycianthes oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could potentially be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="C96F4C228EC4DADB12A310961023999D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="20999FC10F483CA56467ABDAE66CA84D" italics="true">L. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with a wider distribution in tropical Asia outside of New 
<collectingCountry id="F4CDE1F7A645833B4C20D7F922F6398C" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Berries of 
<taxonomicName id="80EE8FC146CCEAADD35D41AD3CEA1C78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="8163F7ED731136387554F7C258DBC926" italics="true">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat woody on dry specimens and have many seeds, while those of 
<taxonomicName id="9D98CFE1E27CCC30EB08CD496F959030" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="42C915484B0F71DD0907D3E7F93A54F9" italics="true">L. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are juicy with a translucent pericarp and only have two (to very occasionally four) seeds. Flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="04F98BE8F4DAFBCACF9EABC57B50F4B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="4520A75C38B619D2133E88E7AE4C4213" italics="true">L. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are cosexual while those of 
<taxonomicName id="903822E8718644F83B3F6848E78A5C12" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="7528CB2B34BEF1113E446379567698C7" italics="true">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are either long- or short-styled. On New 
<collectingCountry id="D48F2C1570F0BA30E208B2D5D8116B01" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="9B71F7A350AB8E70A5F443F24475A272" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
<emphasis id="82638B93489119F8536CE067361209B8" italics="true">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide variety of leaf shapes (
<bibRefCitation id="9EE28CEAB436845CD441D8C6B4E41E63" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" author="Knapp" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-134" refId="B70" refString="Knapp S (2022) A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific. PhytoKeys 209: 1–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" title="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific." volume="209" year="2022">Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The Malaku specimens are of plants with broadly elliptic leaves (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="59668DB1983AF6E01011F51D040CB8D1" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Lycianthes oliveriana (Lauterb. &amp; K. Schum) herbarium specimen. Indonesia. Maluku, Kornassi 649 (K 000922900). Copyright Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, reproduced with permission. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000922900." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103809">16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>