170 lines
21 KiB
XML
170 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="B0EB654FDA3FD654290898C49443D781" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701359218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4669578" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617793898169" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2007" docId="191287F0FFD1FFB9FE78FE939849CAB4" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.41.17-20.1163-1211.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701359218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polysyncraton gratum Kott 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1172" masterDocId="E52BFF88FFD8FFB3FFAEFFAE9B77CB51" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 4)" masterLastPageNumber="1211" masterPageNumber="1163" pageNumber="1171" updateTime="1698902273932" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="43855CDEBA2247F566028F7B8547F359">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 4)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F7A9BFB87641AC9DBA65BAE3E6D444E">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D38C08975DD2AA315FAA1EA7DD05E0E5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5473B98D45661B17C8DFF468FDEC4A78">
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<mods:date id="01245BC902EC5203BB84F6EB6D524E7C">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7209A22731FBBE91D31D1CB390C958A6">2010-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7F2C3B62A39F3741A4357576DE977048" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="55A7F7527197D2FE1C042F8678D50D64">41</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E80176B5845E3F1C2536CA9DF9C0FD4E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="972CA873915C3A018DDFA2B1EC160E79">17 - 20</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8DA8C8D5CC5392259D7402ADA9D3002D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6712F71C7EB08E12BABC42F98FA4490C" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33AAF300DC70FAD6265B40B06DBDBF7D" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="191287F0FFD1FFB9FE78FE939849CAB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:191287F0FFD1FFB9FE78FE939849CAB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/191287F0FFD1FFB9FE78FE939849CAB4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1172" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFD1FFBAFE78FE939822CA04" box="[470,853,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFE78FE939822CA04" blockId="9.[470,853,317,373]" box="[470,853,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<heading id="CA4C818AFFD1FFBAFE78FE939822CA04" box="[470,853,317,341]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFE78FE939984CA04" authority="Kott, 2007" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2007" box="[470,755,317,341]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFE78FE939984CA04" bold="true" box="[470,755,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Polysyncraton gratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8FC578FFFD1FFBAFD55FE939822CA04" box="[763,853,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFD1FFBAFD8DFEF39842CDC4" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" type="description">
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFD8DFEF3987FCA24" blockId="9.[470,853,317,373]" box="[547,776,349,373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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(
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<figureCitation id="09802A63FFD1FFBAFD85FEF399E7CA24" box="[555,656,349,373]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[125,185,1039,1058]" captionTargetBox="[252,1020,136,995]" captionTargetId="figure-226@4.[250,1050,133,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Atriolum irregulare (QM G323245 holotype): larva. (B, C) Leptoclinides fluxus (QM G308817 holotype): (B) colony surface; (C) zooid. (D–F) Polysyncraton gratum (QM G308891): (D) thorax; (E) abdomen; (F) larva. (G) Polysyncraton reticulum (QM G323330): larva. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C–G); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4669580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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D–F, 6H)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FE039A7CCA94" blockId="9.[138,267,429,453]" box="[138,267,429,453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFF24FE039A7CCA94" box="[138,267,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FE709937C947" blockId="9.[138,1184,478,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<materialsCitation id="21D33CBBFFD1FFBAFF24FE70994CC947" collectingDate="2004-04-25" collectionCode="QM" elevation="168" location="Tasmania" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" specimenCode="G308891" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type locality:
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<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFD1FFBAFE97FE709ADCCAA7" box="[313,427,478,502]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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(Tasmanian Canyons: Banks Strait,
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<quantity id="56439B03FFD1FFBAFCC0FE7098CFCAA7" box="[878,952,478,502]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" unit="m" value="168.0">
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<elevation id="1A96D1D5FFD1FFBAFCC0FE7098CFCAA7" box="[878,952,478,502]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" unit="m" value="168.0">168 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, Sherman Sled,
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<date id="E5051026FFD1FFBAFB2DFE709A7CC947" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" value="2004-04-25">
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<collectingDate id="F541E9CEFFD1FFBAFB2DFE709A7CC947" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" value="2004-04-25">25 April 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<typeStatus id="4E008844FFD1FFBAFEB7FE509A0AC947" box="[281,381,510,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="F7AAAE23FFD1FFBAFE28FE509AC1C947" box="[390,438,510,534]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="C11D9E9DFFD1FFBAFE11FE509943C947" box="[447,564,510,534]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" type="Museum">G308891</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FDE09A74C937" blockId="9.[138,259,590,614]" box="[138,259,590,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFF24FDE09A74C937" box="[138,259,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FDD1983CCF04" blockId="9.[138,1185,639,1109]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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The colony is a fleshy, robust encrusting sheet. It is a cream colour in preservative but may have been orange in life. The surface test has a loose or inflated appearance, with a superficial layer of spicules that make it raspy. Spicules are present throughout the colony, although a thin layer of test beneath the thoracic common cloacal cavity is aspiculate. Spicules are stellate, to
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<quantity id="56439B03FFD1FFBAFF24FD509B89C847" box="[138,254,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" unit="mm" value="0.075">0.075 mm</quantity>
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diameter, with seven to nine conical pointed rays in optical transverse section. Stellate branchial apertures are evenly spaced and the margins of the openings are lined with spicules. The anterior rim of the large, sessile atrial opening is produced out into a pointed lip exposing most of the branchial sac to the common cloacal cavity. Zooids are whitish or translucent. Four or five immature testis follicles were detected although a vas deferens was not. Larvae are being incubated in the basal test. The larval trunk is
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<quantity id="56439B03FFD1FFBAFCD5FC3098A5C8E7" box="[891,978,926,950]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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long and the tail is wound the whole way around it. Up to 12 pairs of lateral ampullae, created by subdivision from four primary pairs, encircle the three antero-median adhesive organs. A large conspicuous horizontal lateral ampulla is on the left side of the trunk, extending back from the waist between the adhesive array and the oozooid. Four rows of stigmata are in the larval pharynx. Blastozooids were not detected. The ocellus is large.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FB239B9ECFF4" blockId="9.[138,233,1165,1189]" box="[138,233,1165,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFF24FB239B9ECFF4" box="[138,233,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF24FB109FFCCE84" blockId="9.[138,1185,1214,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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Although gonads are not conspicuous in this specimen, it is assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFC12FB109F25CF87" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[956,1106,1214,1238]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFC12FB109F25CF87" box="[956,1106,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of its sessile atrial aperture with a long anterior lip and larvae with four rows of stigmata, a long horizontal external lateral ampulla and numerous finger-like lateral ampullae surrounding the adhesive organs. Although
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFD5DFAB09805CE67" box="[755,882,1310,1334]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Lissoclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFD5DFAB09805CE67" box="[755,882,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Lissoclinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. have larvae with four rows of stigmata and sometimes numerous lateral ampullae, the latter are only rarely thick finger-like lobes like the present species and although some have an anterior atrial lip it is not long and pointed as it is in most
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFDE0FAD39993CEC4" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[590,740,1405,1429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFDE0FAD39993CEC4" box="[590,740,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. Some
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFCD8FAD39898CEC4" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[886,1007,1405,1429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFCD8FAD39898CEC4" box="[886,1007,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Didemnum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. also have larvae with numerous lateral ampullae and stellate spicules with relatively few conical rays. However, only three rows of stigmata are in the larval pharynx in species of that genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910436E6FFD1FFBAFF0BFA709842CDC4" blockId="9.[138,1185,1214,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">
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The southern Australian
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFE62FA7098F0CEA7" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[460,903,1502,1526]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFE62FA70998BCEA7" box="[460,764,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Polysyncraton infundibulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD1FFBAFCA8FA7098F0CEA7" author="Kott P" box="[774,903,1502,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFC6AFA709BA6CD44" authority="Kott, 2004 c" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2004" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanum">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFC6AFA709F2CCEA4" box="[964,1115,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">P. montanum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD1FFBAFBCAFA709BA6CD44" author="Kott P" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" pagination="37 - 81" refId="ref21191" refString="Kott P. 2004 c. Ascidiacea (Tunicata) in Australian waters of the Timor and Arafura Seas. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 20: 37 - 81." type="journal article" year="2004">Kott, 2004c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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have similar-sized spicules (but with more rays than the present species); and in
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFB26FA509A03CD64" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papyrus">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFB26FA509BA8CD64" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">P. papyrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD1FFBAFF40F9B39A03CD64" author="Kott P" box="[238,372,1565,1589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref21062" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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the spicules are significantly smaller than in the present species.
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<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD1FFBAFF24F993999FCD04" authority="(Herdman and Riddell, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Herdman and Riddell" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[138,744,1597,1621]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugosum">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD1FFBAFF24F9939AF7CD04" box="[138,384,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">Polysyncraton jugosum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD1FFBAFE3EF99399A8CD04" author="Herdman WA & Riddell W" box="[400,735,1597,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171" pagination="873 - 889" refId="ref20921" refString="Herdman WA, Riddell W. 1913. The Tunicata of the '' Thetis' ' Expedition. In: Scientific results of the Trawl Expedition Thetis, Part 17. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4: 873 - 889." type="journal article" year="1913">Herdman and Riddell, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, known only from the central coast of
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<collectingRegion id="537FF804FFD1FFBAFF24F9F39A2ACD24" box="[138,349,1629,1653]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="9" pageNumber="1171">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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, has similar spicules and larval ampullae to the present species, although their larvae are about twice the size of the present species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D9A1656DFFD2FFB9FF36FF279849CAB4" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="910436E6FFD2FFB9FF36FF2799E3CA12" blockId="10.[125,1172,137,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172">
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||
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD2FFB9FF36FF27995DCBF0" authority="Kott, 2004 b" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2004" box="[152,554,137,161]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galaxum">
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<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD2FFB9FF36FF279AE3CBF0" box="[152,404,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172">Polysyncraton galaxum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD2FFB9FE32FF27995DCBF0" author="Kott P" box="[412,554,137,161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" pagination="2455 - 2526" refId="ref21157" refString="Kott P. 2004 b. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2). Journal of Natural History 38: 2455 - 2526." type="journal article" year="2004">Kott, 2004b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(also 2005a) has similar-sized larvae with 12 pairs of lateral ampullae, a large horizontal external ampulla and similar-sized spicules but they have only five to seven rays in optical transverse section and a large number of small-sized (to
|
||
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||
diameter) spicules. Also, separate common cloacal systems are a conspicuous feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD2FFB9FF5DFEA59A06CA73" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2004" box="[243,369,266,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galaxum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD2FFB9FF5DFEA59A06CA73" box="[243,369,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172">P. galaxum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BB4D65FFD2FFB9FE2EFEA599C6CA73" authority="Kott, 2005 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2005" box="[384,689,266,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polysystema">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CFEAF4FFD2FFB9FE2EFEA59968CA73" box="[384,543,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172">P. polysystema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD2FFB9FD88FEA499C6CA73" author="Kott P" box="[550,689,266,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F52A4B17FFD2FFB9FC61FEA49F2FCA73" author="Kott P" box="[975,1112,266,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172" pagination="2409 - 2479" refId="ref21231" refString="Kott P. 2005 a. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 3). Journal of Natural History 39: 2409 - 2479." type="journal article" year="2005">Kott 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but they were not detected in the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910436E6FFD2FFB9FF36FEE29849CAB4" blockId="10.[125,1172,137,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1172">
|
||
Characteristics of the present new species that distinguish it from others in this genus are its large horizontal common cloacal cavity without separate systems, stellate spicules to
|
||
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|
||
diameter with seven to nine conical rays in optical transverse section found throughout the colony, a large atrial tongue, a large larva with up to 12 pairs of lateral ampullae, but without blastozooids and with a large ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |