121 lines
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121 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document id="957531040F9DA625C8A5E29FB7B66C26" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2018.1539780" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5177759" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628618792074" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2018" docId="017B87D369445129C5847462F060FE44" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.52.39-40.2511-2552.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 52 (39 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1539780" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acraea pharsalus Ward 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2539" masterDocId="FD42FFAB69585134C4637265F228FFBD" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamily Helconiinae" masterLastPageNumber="2552" masterPageNumber="2511" pageNumber="2538" updateTime="1699047923231" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2EAA61961A20E68E892811E108EFA8D7">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamily Helconiinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4C5597ABEB1BCD54CDC1E0CA01453322">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0271E141CA849F61E7346B38257A41A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FA20CDA46F3995935443E3D148F5D6A9">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4ADA5AD2194F301E86059342DB822765">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B097D08B2626BE193F24E802062955C2">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4AFDC46B0D7B6B10E16436445B36AA8A">
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<mods:date id="E3F2CF1626F382D3B2AD192BCDD17EA8">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1698043C23767E5300A44E367F04B48C">2018-11-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BDA5B921576834989C56D3478AC65295" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="35B38052D84AC41F00E262C7BFA21361">52</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="12F36A199976DF6E12CB345EB0363BEA" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="37DA982FD144FDE72FF689F92BD8179C">39 - 40</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F07034740AF5343550751F6CDF7619D6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1539780</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="13F34795E043EC944285172DBFCEBAB3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="502081A4A835421533128E896AC7CB65" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2018.1539780</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F56E1434F9EAAF1B77A2D6296E0D9E73" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C1C8654E69445128C5847462F025F938" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="896D36C569445128C5847462F114F99D" blockId="28.[487,828,1543,1568]" box="[487,828,1543,1568]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">
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<heading id="D22581A969445128C5847462F114F99D" box="[487,828,1543,1568]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4ED24D4669445128C5847462F114F99D" ID-CoL="9J93" authority="Ward, 1871" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1871" box="[487,828,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Acraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharsalus">
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769445128C5847462F085F99D" box="[487,685,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">Acraea pharsalus</emphasis>
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Ward, 1871
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="896D36C569445128C4C3742FF025F938" blockId="28.[160,1155,1610,1669]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469445128C4C3742FF301F9DF" author="Larsen" box="[160,297,1610,1634]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" refId="ref24937" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 52, fig. 649i,ii. d
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769445128C661742FF020F9DF" box="[514,520,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">’</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469445128C664742FF0EDF9DF" author="Abrera" box="[519,709,1610,1634]" firstAuthor="Abrera" page="149" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" refId="ref24072" refString="d ' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. 2 nd ed. Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae and Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">Abrera 1997: 149</bibRefCitation>
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(4 figs).
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469445128C740742FF6ABF9DF" author="Bernaud and Murphy" box="[803,1155,1610,1634]" firstAuthor="Bernaud" page="156" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538" pagination="954821504" refId="ref23803" refString="Bernaud D, Murphy R. 2014. Acraeinae of Malawi (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Privately published. ISBN 978 2 954821504." type="journal article" year="2014">Bernaud and Murphy 2014: 156</bibRefCitation>
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(8 figs,
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<collectingCountry id="F1C5765569445128C4977408F36FF938" box="[244,327,1645,1669]" name="Malawi" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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). SI: Figure 27a
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769445128C5907408F028F938" box="[499,512,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2538">–</emphasis>
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j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1C8654E69455129C4C372EBF060FE44" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" type="description">
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<paragraph id="896D36C569455129C4C372EBF0E2FF74" blockId="29.[160,1155,142,201]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">
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Forewing length: male 27.0
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C5B072EBF3C8FF1B" box="[467,480,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">–</emphasis>
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33.0 mm [mean (
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C6C372EBF0EDFF1B" box="[672,709,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">n =</emphasis>
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8)
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<quantity id="4E2A9B2069455129C68A72EBF174FF1B" box="[745,860,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.06" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" unit="mm" value="30.6">30.60 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 1.358]; female
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<quantity id="4E2A9B2069455129C02472EBF32BFF74" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="38.5" valueMin="28.5">
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28.5
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C01572EBF6ABFF1B" box="[1142,1155,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">–</emphasis>
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38.5 mm
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</quantity>
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[mean (
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C50772D4F3A3FF74" box="[356,395,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">n =</emphasis>
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11)
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<quantity id="4E2A9B2069455129C5DC72D4F01BFF74" box="[447,563,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3609999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" unit="mm" value="33.61">33.61 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 2.925].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="896D36C569455129C4C3728BF060FE44" blockId="29.[160,1156,238,505]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">
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Note: Many authors have regarded this species as polytypic (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469455129C7F6728BF609FEBB" author="Larsen" box="[917,1057,238,262]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" refId="ref24964" refString="Larsen TB. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa (2 vols). Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 446), with the Kilimanjaro population usually included in subspecies
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C7D27374F6ACFE94" box="[945,1156,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">A. p. pharsaloides</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F1C5765569455129C4C37351F2D2FEF1" box="[160,250,308,332]" name="Netherlands" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">Holland</collectingCountry>
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, 1892
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C52D7356F373FEF6" box="[334,347,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">–</emphasis>
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originally described from
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C6F97356F0B7FEF6" box="[666,671,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">‘</emphasis>
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Kilimanjaro
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C77D7356F10CFEF6" box="[798,804,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">’</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469455129C7557351F1FBFEF1" author="Holland" box="[822,979,308,332]" firstAuthor="Holland" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" pagination="229 - 258" refId="ref24675" refString="Holland W. 1896. List of the Lepidoptera collected in eastern Africa by Dr. W. L. Abbott, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proc US Nat Mus. 18 (1002): 229 - 258, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1896">
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<collectingCountry id="F1C5765569455129C7557351F1A7FEF1" box="[822,911,308,332]" name="Netherlands" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">Holland</collectingCountry>
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1896
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</bibRefCitation>
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described this taxon again, also as
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C5E97333F3B8FED3" box="[394,400,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">‘</emphasis>
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new
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<emphasis id="BBA6EAD769455129C5DC7333F3ECFED3" box="[447,452,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">’</emphasis>
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). However,
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<bibRefCitation id="ED434B3469455129C62E7333F15EFED3" author="Pierre and Bernaud" box="[589,886,342,366]" firstAuthor="Pierre" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539" refId="ref25667" refString="Pierre J, Bernaud D. 2014. Classification et liste synonymique des taxons du genre Acraea [Internet]. 31 p. [cited 2018 Oct 14]. pdf available from: http: // www. acraea. com / image / liste / systematique. pdf" type="book" year="2014">Pierre and Bernaud (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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regard this butterfly as monotypic, placing all infraspecific names, including a subspecies named in 1991 from
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<collectingCountry id="F1C5765569455129C4C373F9F2D5FE09" box="[160,253,412,436]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="29" pageNumber="2539">Principe</collectingCountry>
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, as synonyms. At least two forms occur at Moshi (see SI Figure 27), both of which can occur in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism seems slight; in museum specimens females are paler orange than males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |