354 lines
34 KiB
XML
354 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5004" ID-PMC="PMC4411494" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-3-5004" ID-PubMed="25941456" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828-3-e5004" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" ModsDocTitle="First record of Limnatispaluda (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Praobdellidae) from Kazakhstan, with comments on genetic diversity of Limnatis leeches" checkinTime="1451253130968" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nakano, Takafumi, Dujsebayeva, Tatjana & Nishikawa, Kanto" docDate="2015" docId="E7602CE45AD44AE3E45A650B7DE02124" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e5004" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5004" docTitle="Limnatis paluda Tennent 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5004" masterDocId="32408E67BF53FFC4FFA7FFD9FF8CFF92" masterDocTitle="First record of Limnatispaluda (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Praobdellidae) from Kazakhstan, with comments on genetic diversity of Limnatis leeches" masterLastPageNumber="5004" masterPageNumber="5004" pageNumber="5004" updateTime="1668126703437" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First record of Limnatispaluda (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Praobdellidae) from Kazakhstan, with comments on genetic diversity of Limnatis leeches</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nakano, Takafumi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dujsebayeva, Tatjana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishikawa, Kanto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>5004</mods:start>
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<mods:end>5004</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5004</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-3-5004</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7602CE45AD44AE3E45A650B7DE02124" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7602CE45AD44AE3E45A650B7DE02124" lastPageNumber="5004" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<taxonomicName authority="Tennent, 1859" authorityName="Tennent" authorityYear="1859" class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda (Tennent, 1859)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-21" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="Kanto Nishikawa" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="43.51278" location="Kazakhstan" longitude="78.97083" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" specimenCode="Z 700" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Z700</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kanto Nishikawa</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">hermaphrodite</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Limnatispaluda (Tennent, 1859); Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Almaty; verbatimLocality: Suygaty Valley, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="43.512778">43.512778</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="78.9708331">78.9708331</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy: Takafumi Nakano; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="2013-06-21">2013-06-21</collectingDate>
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||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">KUZ</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-21" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="Kanto Nishikawa" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="43.51278" location="Kazakhstan" longitude="78.97083" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" specimenCode="Z 701" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Z701</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kanto Nishikawa</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">hermaphrodite</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Limnatispaluda (Tennent, 1859); Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Almaty; verbatimLocality: Suygaty Valley, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="43.512778">43.512778</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="78.9708331">78.9708331</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy: Takafumi Nakano; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="2013-06-21">2013-06-21</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">KUZ</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-21" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="Kanto Nishikawa" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="43.51278" location="Kazakhstan" longitude="78.97083" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" specimenCode="Z 702" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Z702</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kanto Nishikawa</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">1</specimenCount>
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||
; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">hermaphrodite</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Limnatispaluda (Tennent, 1859); Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Almaty; verbatimLocality: Suygaty Valley, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="43.512778">43.512778</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="78.9708331">78.9708331</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy: Takafumi Nakano; Event: eventDate:
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||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="2013-06-21">2013-06-21</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">KUZ</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-21" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="Kanto Nishikawa" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="43.51278" location="Kazakhstan" longitude="78.97083" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" specimenCode="Z 703" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Z703</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kanto Nishikawa</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">hermaphrodite</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Limnatispaluda (Tennent, 1859); Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Almaty; verbatimLocality: Suygaty Valley, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="43.512778">43.512778</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="78.9708331">78.9708331</geoCoordinate>
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; Identification: identifiedBy: Takafumi Nakano; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" value="2013-06-21">2013-06-21</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">KUZ</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Body firm, muscular, with constant width in caudal direction, dorsoventrally compressed, BL 22.64-36.73 mm, BW 4.47-9.82 mm (Fig. 2a). Caudal sucker elliptic, CL 3.94-6.26 mm, CW 4.11-7.17 mm (Fig. 2b).</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="annulation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Annulation</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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Somite I completely merged with prostomium (Fig. 3a). somites II and III unite together, forming 1 annulus (Fig. 3a, b). Somite IV biannulate, (a1 + a2)> a3; in KUZ Z703, (a1 + a2) with slight dorsal furrow (Fig. 3a, b). Somite V biannulate, (a1 + a2) = a3 (Fig. 3a, b); in KUZ Z700 and Z703, (a1 + a2) with slight dorsal furrow. IV a3-V a3 unite altogether, forming posterior margin of oral sucker (Fig. 3c). Somite VI dorsally triannulate/ventrally biannulate, a1 = a2 = a3/(a1 + a2)> a3 (Fig. 3). Somite VII triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3 (Fig. 3). Somite VIII quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 = b6 (Fig. 3). Somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IX–XXIII">IX-XXIII</normalizedToken>
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quinquannulate, b1 = b2 = a2 = b5 = b6 (Figs 4, 5). Somite XXIV quadrannulate, b1 = b2 = a2 = a3 (Fig. 5a). Somite XXV triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3 (Fig. 5a); XXV a1 (KUZ Z702), a2 (KUZ Z703), or a3 (KUZ Z700 and Z701) being last complete annulus on venter. Somite XXVI biannulate, (a1 + a2) = or> a3 (Fig. 5a); in KUZ Z701 and Z703, (a1 + a2) with slight dorsal furrow. Somite XXVII uni- (KUZ Z702) or biannulate (Fig. 5a). Anus at last annulus of XXVII (KUZ Z700) or behind XXVII (Fig. 5a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="gonopores">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Gonopores</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Male gonopore in XI b5/b6 (Fig. 4). Female gonopore in XII b5/b6 (Fig. 4). Gonopores separated by 5 annuli.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="sense organs">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Sense organs</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Eyes 5 pairs, in parabolic arc; 1st and 2nd pairs on II + III, 3rd pair on IV (a1 + a2), 4th pair on V (a1 + a2), and 5th pair on VI a2 (Fig. 3a, b). Sensillae, papillae undeveloped.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="nephridiopores">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Nephridiopores</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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In 17 pairs, one each situated ventrally at posterior margin of VIII a1 and b2 of each somite in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IX–XXIV">IX-XXIV</normalizedToken>
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(Figs 3c, 4, 5b).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="digestive tract">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Digestive tract</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">1 median longitudinal furrow on ventral surface of oral sucker (Fig. 3b). 3 jaws situated in oral cavity, one dorsal and two ventrolateral, each jaw bearing numerous salivary papillae. Monostichodont: each jaw bearing 30-46 diminutive teeth. Pharynx reaching to IX b2/a2-a2/b5. Crop reaching to XX b2/a2, bearing 22 pairs of crop caeca: 1st pair IX; 2nd and 3rd in IX and X; 4th and 5th in X and XI, 4th larger than 5th (4th> 5th); 6th and 7th in XI and XII, 6th> 7th; 8th and 9th in XII and XIII, 8th> 9th; 10th and 11th in XIII and XIV, 10th> 11th; 12th and 13th in XIV and XV, 12th> 13th; 14th and 15th in XV and XVI, 14th> 15th; 16th and 17th in XVI and XVII, 16th> 17th; 18th and 19th in XVII and XVIII, 18th> 19th; 20th and 21st in XVIII and XIX, 20th> 21st; 22nd being post-crop caeca, in XIX b2-a2 to XXV a2-a3. Intestine reaching to XXII/XXIII. Rectum simple tubular.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="male genital organ">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Male genital organ</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Testisacs 8 or 9 pairs (Fig. 6): 1st pair in XIII b5-XIV b1; 2nd pair in XIV b5-XV b1; 3rd pair in XV b5-XVI b1; 4th pair in XVI b5-XVII b1; 5th pair in XVII b5-XVIII b1; 6th pair in XVIII a2-XIX b1; 7th pair in XIX b5-XX b1; 8th pair in XX b5-XXI b1; 9th pair in XXI b5-XXII b1. Paired epididymides small, globular; right epididymis in XI a2-XII b2, left epididymis in XI a2-XII b1 (Figs 6, 7). Ejaculatory bulb absent. Ejaculatory ducts folded reaching to anterior end of male atrium (Fig. 7). Atrium continuous with penis sheet (Fig. 7). Penis sheet reaching to XII a2-b2, then turning anteriorly to male gonopore, U-shaped (Figs 6, 7).</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="female genital organ">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Female genital organ</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Pair of ovisacs globular, in XII b5-XIII b1 (Figs 6, 8). Oviducts short, borth oviducts converging into common oviduct in XII b5-XIII b1 (Fig. 8). Common oviduct slightly folded, descending to female vagina (Fig. 8). Vagina ellipsoid, straight, directly descending to female gonopore (Fig. 8).</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="colour">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Colour</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">When alive, dorsal surface uniform reddish brown (Fig. 9); ventral surface paler than dorsal surface; both lateral marginal stripes orange in VI a3 to XXVI (a1 + a2)-a3. In preservative, colour slightly faded (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Habitat</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">During night time, the leeches examined in this study were found crawling in a small pond (Figs 9, 10a) fed from an artificial well on a small hill. The hill is situated in the clayey gravelly desert at the foot of the arid low mountains Ulken Boguty at 1270 a.s.l. (Fig. 10b). Although at one time local inhabitants grazed domesticated animals around the well, at present there are no dwellers in the area.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="genetic data">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Genetic data</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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Neighbour-joining trees generated based on both the COI (Fig. 11) and 12S (Fig. 12) genes showed that the present
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
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specimens from Kazakhstan form a monophyletic lineage with a sequence from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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collected in Israel (BS = 86% in COI, 98% in 12S). In the neighbour-joining tree based on COI sequences, this monophyletic lineage and one sequence obtained from the Afghan
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
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formed a well-recovered clade (BS = 100%). In addition, the neighbour-joining trees revealed that sequences obtained from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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collected in Namibia and Croatia do not form a monophyletic group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
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The COI uncorrected p-distance between the Kazakhstani
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
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and the Israeli
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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was 0.2% (Table 2) based on 12S sequences consisting of 353 bp which showed that the sequences of the former are identical with that of the latter (Table 3). The COI uncorrected p-distance between Kazakhstani
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
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and that from Afghanistan was 0.5%, and that between the Israeli
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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and the Afghan
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
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was 0.6%. The COI and 12S uncorrected p-distances between the Kazakhstani, Israeli, and Afghan
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
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sequences and the remaining sequences of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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were 7.3-9.7% and 2.8%, respectively. The COI uncorrected p-distance between the Namibian
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. cf. nilotica</taxonomicName>
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and the Croatian
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. cf. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 11.9%, and that based on 12S was 3.9%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" type="taxon discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
|
||
The present 4 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, John Percy" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="In: Harding WA, Moore JP. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hirudinea" year="1927">Moore (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the following characteristics: VI a1 and a2 forming 1 annulus (a1 + a2) on venter; XXIV quadrannulate; sensillae small, undeveloped; each jaw bearing numerous salivary papillae; monostichodont teeth numbering 30-46 on each jaw; and body surface uniform brownish with lateral marginal stripes in orange.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tennent, James Emerson" journalOrPublisher="Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="Ceylon: An Account of the Island, Physical, Historical, and Topographical with Notices of its Natural History, Antiquities and Productions" year="1859">Tennent (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided incomplete morphological characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
, describing its colour as uniform brown without any bands but with reddish lateral margins, and not very numerous teeth. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, John Percy" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="In: Harding WA, Moore JP. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hirudinea" year="1927">Moore (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could not examine specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its type locality, he identified
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
leeches from Punjab and Baluchistan, which presently belong to Pakistan, as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their colouration as well as their limited number of teeth on each jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, John Percy" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="In: Harding WA, Moore JP. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hirudinea" year="1927">Moore (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be clearly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis nilotica" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nilotica">Limnatis nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its limited number (30-47) of teeth on each jaw (the latter species has numerous teeth on each jaw). He also mentioned that the numbers of teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
never overlapped.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinzelbach, Ragnar" editor="Buettiker, W" journalOrPublisher="Pro Entomologia c / o Natural History Museum, Basle" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" year="1985">
|
||
Kinzelbach and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rückert">Rueckert</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1985)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mentioned that the number of teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
was at most 45, but that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged from 45 to 60. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lukin, E I" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Science of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="Fauna of Ukraine. Leech" year="1962">Lukin (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lukin, E I" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="Fauna USSR. Leeches" year="1976">Lukin (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed 30-50 teeth on each jaw. Based on the specimens collected in Azerbaijam, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kovalenko, M. V." journalOrPublisher="Zoomorphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" pagination="33 - 43" title="Comparative structural analysis of jaws of selected blood-feeding and predacious arhynchobdellid leeches (Annelida: Clitellata: Hirudinida)" volume="134" year="2015">Kovalenko and Utevsky (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
bore 38-40 teeth on each jaw. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bacescui" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="bacescui">L. bacescui</taxonomicName>
|
||
possessed 50-54 teeth on each jaw (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manoleli, Dan" journalOrPublisher="Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" pagination="237 - 239" title="A new species of leech Limnatisbacescui sp. nov. (Hirudinoidea: Hirudinidae)" volume="17" year="1972">Manoleli 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are well known as nasal leeches, the taxonomic status of each species seems to be far from clarified. Each nominal species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be revised based on specimens collected from the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
|
||
As mentioned above, the taxonomic identities of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have not been fully settled. According to the present neighbour-joining trees and p-distance data, however, the Israeli
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
leech, of which DNA sequences have been deposited with INSDC, should be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
as mentioned in (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Phillips, Anna J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" pagination=": 246" title="Poly-paraphyly of Hirudinidae: many lineages of medicinal leeches" volume="9" year="2009">Phillips and Siddall 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because it forms a monophyly with the present Kazakhstani
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, and the p-distances of the COI and 12S sequences show extremely low genetic divergence (0.2% in COI and no differences in 12S). In addition, it is highly likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. cf. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Croatia and Bosnia and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nilotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="nilotica">L. cf. nilotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Namibia do not belong to the same species, because those specimens are paraphyletic consistently in the present phylogenetic trees, and the former is highly diverged from the latter (11.9% in COI and 3.9% in 12S). These uncorrected p-distance values are greater than those between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Namibian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (7.3-7.4% in COI and 2.8% in 12S) as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Balkan
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (9.2-9.7% in COI and 2.8% in 12S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5004">
|
||
It is noteworthy that the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
analysed in this study have low genetic divergences (0.2-0.5% in COI and 0% in 12S). The COI uncorrected p-distances between the present Kazakhstani specimens and the Israeli specimen are lower than that between the former and the Afghan specimen (0.5%) and that between the latter and the Afghan
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.6%). The collection locality in Kazakhstan is ca. 4,000 km from Israel, and ca. 2,000 km from Afghanistan. In contrast, Israel is at most ca. 3,500 km from Afghanistan. Because few DNA sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available, it may be difficult to reveal its detailed genetic structure. However, the results of the mitochondrial genetic analyses at least shed light on the discordance between the COI genetic divergence between the Kazakhstani
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Israeli specimen and the geographic distance between the collection localities.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trontelj, Peter" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" pagination="475 - 485" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo): Fast dispersal and shallow genetic structure" volume="63" year="2012">Trontelj and Utevsky (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revealed low genetic diversity in the European medicinal leeches, and suggested that medicinal leeches dispersed rapidly and widely via their host animals as these leeches are ectoparasitic species. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are endoparasitic leeches that attach to the nasopharyngeal cavities of mammals, they likely achieve long-distance dispersal. Except when they parasitise the mammalian nasopharyngeal cavities,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species generally inhabit a freshwater environment. One of the routes of the Silk Road passed through the Ili River Depression (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baipakov, K M" journalOrPublisher="Gylym, Almaty" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" title="The Medieval Towns of Kazakstan along the Great Silk Road" year="1998">Baipakov 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), near the collection locality of the present specimens. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
have possibly dispersed by means of freshwater places along the trade route as stepping stones, and thus human activities may have influenced the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. paluda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" rank="species" species="paluda">L. paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In either case, further taxonomic studies of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Limnatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species should be performed to clarify their taxonomic positions. In addition, future molecular studies should elucidate the biogeographical history of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Praobdellidae" genus="Limnatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnatis paluda" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="5004" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paluda">Limnatis paluda</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |