302 lines
36 KiB
XML
302 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="DACD5F79D8061E2F508743B2DAF5796F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ff1f132-93f6-4364-b641-01a7fa65cca4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288186" ID-ZooBank="5B7B0508-0A35-4566-B979-90FEBF12E2A1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461017952981" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Crottini, Angelica, Müller, Johannes, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel" docDate="2015" docId="782687BDFFFB0B6F1DDF00A2FB20FD9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03937p089.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3937 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cophyla noromalalae Rakotoarison, Crottini, Müller, Rödel, Glaw & Vences, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="841FFFC5FFEB0B7E1D480035FF90FF85" masterDocTitle="Revision and phylogeny of narrow-mouthed treefrogs (Cophyla) from northern Madagascar: integration of molecular, osteological, and bioacoustic data reveals three new species" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698569360149" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9489704F550C0ED8A44561EF63A9624D">Revision and phylogeny of narrow-mouthed treefrogs (Cophyla) from northern Madagascar: integration of molecular, osteological, and bioacoustic data reveals three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0096DFF8EA2AA3C6B4357406F610A662">Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8ED085951504A85D8C52E2D599C36ABA">Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F5A491815F56376FDFDE73809BDF46">Müller, Johannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1168CE9CEFFF39E3B2EDD172420687AC">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC1F4B50E29D085E07E060A40CA6B5DF">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4484F8CECCEA157E5A0373D7ACE7B5AE">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E06B25644A80EB69B506C7A0E89D2955">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="31C2FF06010C28B6035B9EAD024FA0D5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F4A9823BD206D6EBDC75AFC478881009" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AFF1E22DD9E28305B9928813AF9B1713">3937</mods:number>
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<treatment id="782687BDFFFB0B6F1DDF00A2FB20FD9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5610938" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127686745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5610938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:782687BDFFFB0B6F1DDF00A2FB20FD9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/782687BDFFFB0B6F1DDF00A2FB20FD9D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FEE4FF56" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FD91FF37" blockId="16.[151,513,151,211]" box="[151,513,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="AB7881C7FFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FD91FF37" bold="true" box="[151,513,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FD91FF37" bold="true" box="[151,513,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FE0CFF34" ID-CoL="5ZZ34" box="[151,412,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noromalalae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1DDF00A2FE0CFF34" bold="true" box="[151,412,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Cophyla noromalalae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C857C2FFFB0B6E1CEB00ADFD91FF37" box="[419,513,152,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1DDF008FFEE4FF56" blockId="16.[151,513,151,211]" box="[151,372,186,211]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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(
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<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E1DD7008FFF7CFF56" box="[159,236,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,819,841]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,301,797]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1437,301,798]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparative photographs of the three preserved holotypes (scale bar 5 mm): (a) C. maharipeo sp. nov., ZSM 3251 / 2012, (b) Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov., ZSM 3250 / 2012; (c) C. puellarum sp. nov., ZSM 3249 / 2012." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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b, 12b &14)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFB0B6E1DDF00C9FCC4FE91" box="[151,852,252,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1DDF00C9FCC4FE91" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" box="[151,852,252,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1DDF00C9FE90FE90" bold="true" box="[151,256,252,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Remark.</emphasis>
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Referred to as
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||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1CE300C9FD9AFE91" box="[427,522,252,276]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1CE300C9FD9AFE91" box="[427,522,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Cophyla</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. Ca2 by
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<bibRefCitation id="941E4B5AFFFB0B6E1FC600C9FCC0FE91" box="[654,848,252,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" refString="Perl, R. G. B., Nagy, Z. T., Sonet, G., Glaw, F., Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M. (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 197 - 206. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002942" type="journal article">
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||
Perl
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||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1F8B00C8FD63FE91" box="[707,755,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2014)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFB0B6E1D8F012BFE44FDCA" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F012BFDDDFEF8" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F012BFEABFEB2" bold="true" box="[199,315,286,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1D8F012BFEA6FEB2" box="[199,310,286,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1C0B012AFEEDFEB2" box="[323,381,287,311]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
3250/2012 (
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1F44012AFDCFFEB2" box="[524,607,287,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">ZCMV</collectionCode>
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||
13518), adult male, collected in a bamboo patch near the entrance office of Montagne d’Ambre National Park (
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1F060177FD35FEDF" box="[590,677,322,346]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">MANP</collectionCode>
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), -12.616625, 49.150129,
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||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1E9A0177FB8BFEDC" box="[978,1051,322,346]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l., on
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||
<date id="8431106BFFFB0B6E19C60177FADEFEDF" box="[1166,1358,322,346]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" value="2012-01-24">24 January 2012</date>
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||
, by A. Rakotoarison and A. Razafimanantsoa.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F01B2FE44FDCA" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F01B2FED6FE25" bold="true" box="[199,326,391,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
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||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1D8F01B2FED1FE25" box="[199,321,391,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
UADBA-A 60235 (
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<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1F7A01BDFD14FE25" box="[562,644,392,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">ZCMV</collectionCode>
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||
13519), same locality, collection date and collector as the
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<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E187B01B2FA08FE25" box="[1331,1432,391,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; UADBA-A 60236 (
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<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1C33019EFE54FE46" box="[379,452,427,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">FGZC</collectionCode>
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4901), calling male, collected on
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<date id="8431106BFFFB0B6E1E12019EFBA7FE46" box="[858,1079,426,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" value="2012-12-10">10 December 2012</date>
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around
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<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E19D3019EFB7CFE46" box="[1179,1260,427,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">MANP</collectionCode>
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entrance by F. Glaw, F. Ratsoavina,
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<collectingCountry id="8898763BFFFB0B6E1CC701FBFE36FE63" box="[399,422,462,486]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">O</collectingCountry>
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. Hawlitschek and T. Rajoafiarison;
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1E0D01FBFCEFFE63" box="[837,895,462,486]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
3273/2012 (
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E195A01FBFBCCFE63" box="[1042,1116,462,486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
4902), male, same locality, collection date and collector as the calling male,
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<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1FF201C4FD64FD8C" box="[698,756,497,521]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
2070/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E1EC901C4FC5BFD8C" box="[897,971,497,521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1013), sex unknown, collected at
|
||
<collectionCode id="969EAE6EFFFB0B6E180301C4FA0CFD8C" box="[1355,1436,497,521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">MANP</collectionCode>
|
||
(Voie des milles arbres, -12.516667, 49.176667,
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1F830226FCB4FDAE" box="[715,804,531,556]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), on
|
||
<date id="8431106BFFFB0B6E1EEB0221FBE0FDA9" box="[931,1136,531,556]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" value="2007-02-23">23 February 2007</date>
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||
by P. Bora, H. Enting, F. Glaw, J. Köhler & A. Knoll.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFB0B6E1D8F026CFE18FBBD" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F026CFBA9FCE3" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F026CFD87FDF7" bold="true" box="[199,535,601,626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis and comparisons.</emphasis>
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||
Assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1E6C026CFC13FDF4" box="[804,899,601,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1E6C026CFC13FDF4" box="[804,899,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Cophyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in the microhylid subfamily
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||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E199A026CFAC3FDF7" box="[1234,1363,601,626]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cophylinae">Cophylinae</taxonomicName>
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||
based on enlarged terminal discs on fingers and toes, absence of clavicle, posterior vomer undivided and not overlapping with neopalatines, absence of nuptial pads, and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Among other arboreal species of cophylines the species can be identified by a combination of the following character states: small to moderate body size (adult SVL
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1CB602D0FDEAFD78" box="[510,634,741,765]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="22.0">22–29 mm</quantity>
|
||
; verified adult males
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1E2402D0FC7AFD78" box="[876,1002,741,766]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
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||
); most specimens uniformly yellowish ventrally; discs of fingers and toes pinkish in life; third toe at least slightly but often distinctly shorter than fifth; posterior vomer without clearly recognizable vomerine teeth (rudiments are probably present); males with prepollical tubercule but lacking a finger-like prepollex as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1EEB037BFBA2FCE3" box="[931,1074,846,870]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1EEB037BFBA2FCE3" box="[931,1074,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F0345FE18FBBD" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1CE10344FDD4FC0C" box="[425,580,881,905]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maharipeo">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1CE10344FDD4FC0C" box="[425,580,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C. maharipeo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by distinctly shorter calls, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1EAF0344FB30FC0C" box="[999,1184,881,905]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phyllodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1EAF0344FB30FC0C" box="[999,1184,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C. phyllodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a distinctly slower call repetition rate (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BD0D0310FFFB0B6E1C3903A6FE59FC29" box="[369,457,915,940]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,436,459]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,705,892]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of call data of Cophyla species. Data for C. berara, C. occultans and C. phyllodactyla taken from Vences et al. (2005), except for call repetition rate (measured from Fig. 6). Data for C. occultans only from type locality (Nosy Be). Data from a population in Marojejy tentatively assigned to C. sp. Ca 4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A4F06623FFE20B771DDF0181FB90FD8E" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="A4F06623FFE20B771DDF0181FB90FD8E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1E5903A1FC59FC29" box="[785,969,916,940]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phyllodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1E5903A1FCB4FC2E" box="[785,804,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1E7903A1FC59FC29" box="[817,969,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">phyllodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size (verified adult male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1D9B0383FEDDFC4B" box="[211,333,950,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1C1C0382FEFBFC4B" box="[340,363,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 27–29); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1F5E0382FD34FC4B" box="[534,676,950,974]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Platypelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occultans">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1F5E0382FDB9FC4B" box="[534,553,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1F700383FD34FC4B" box="[568,676,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">occultans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (verified adult male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E19240383FB75FC4B" box="[1132,1253,950,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E19A40382FA93FC4B" box="[1260,1283,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">vs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E185B0383FA00FC4A" box="[1299,1424,950,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Most similar by morphology and bioacoustics to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1F8C03EFFCA2FC74" box="[708,818,985,1009]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berara">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1F8C03EFFCA2FC74" box="[708,818,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">C. berara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which however has strong and concordant differences in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E1F6603C9FD0BFB90" box="[558,667,1020,1045]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1857,1879]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1179,1201]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1368,211,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1337,193,1156]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[219,1368,211,1793]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[249,1337,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of species and candidate species in the genus Cophyla. Majority-rule consensus tree derived from a partitioned Bayesian inference analysis of concatenated DNA sequences of the 12 S, 16 S, COX 1, COB, and RAG 1 genes (2627 bp), showing relationships among species of Cophyla. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities (only values> 0.9 shown). For the three new species described herein the tree also shows their candidate species names according to Perl et al. (2014)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree derived from a partitioned Bayesian inference analysis of DNA sequences of the nuclear RAG 1 gene (503 bp), showing relationships among species of Cophyla. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities (only values> 0.9 shown). The tree was rooted with the same outgroups as in Fig. 2 (removed for better graphical representation)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288188/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288189/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). For the distinction from
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1E8A03C8FBCDFB90" box="[962,1117,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFB0B6E1E8A03C8FBC9FB90" box="[962,1113,1021,1045]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puellarum">C. puellarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see the respective diagnosis of that species below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFB0B6E1D8F0477FB54F862" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F0477FB89F9E2" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F0477FD9FFBDE" bold="true" box="[199,527,1090,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1CEA0477FD9BFBDE" box="[418,523,1090,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male in good state of preservation, some muscle tissue removed from right thigh. Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="37779B4EFFFB0B6E1CE40450FD83FBF8" box="[428,531,1125,1150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="21.6">21.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; body slender; head slightly longer than wide, not wider than body; snout bluntly rounded in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils not protuberant, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis broadly rounded, loreal region concave; tympanum moderately distinct, 41% of eye diameter; supratympanic fold distinct, almost straight, running from posterior edge of eye to forelimb insertion; tongue broadly rounded, without lingual papilla, not bifid or notched; maxillary teeth present; vomerine teeth not visible. Forelimbs slender; subarticular tubercles on all fingers single, curved; outer metacarpal tubercle relatively small and flat; inner metacarpal tubercle oblong, forming large and distinct protuberance at base of first finger; hand without webbing; fingers distinctly broadly rounded to slightly bilobate, with lateral fringes, smaller than discs of fingers; relative length of fingers 1<2=4<3; finger discs broadly rounded to slightly bilobate; nuptial pads absent. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching between forelimb and tympanum when hindlimb adpressed along body; tibia length 41% of SVL; inner metatarsal tubercle small and flat, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; webbing between toes weakly developed, with traces of webbing between third and fourth toe; subarticular tubercles on toes single; toes flattened and their discs relatively broad, broadly rounded to slightly bilobate; relative length of toes 1<2<3<5<4; third toe slightly (left) to distinctly (right) shorter than fifth. Dorsal skin smooth, without dorsolateral folds. Ventral skin smooth on throat and chest and moderately granular on belly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F0644FE33F893" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F0644FDFFF90F" bold="true" box="[199,623,1649,1674]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1C0B0644FE39F90F" box="[323,425,1649,1674]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservation.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
After several years in 70% ethanol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E195A0644FBC7F90F" box="[1042,1111,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,819,841]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,301,797]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1437,301,798]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparative photographs of the three preserved holotypes (scale bar 5 mm): (a) C. maharipeo sp. nov., ZSM 3251 / 2012, (b) Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov., ZSM 3250 / 2012; (c) C. puellarum sp. nov., ZSM 3249 / 2012." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b), dorsum almost uniformly greyish with a few fine and small dark dots, and faint dark crossbands on toes and lower arm. Forelimbs greyish with moderate brown band; hindlimbs greyish with yellow dots. Finger and toe discs pinkish. Ventrally, brown and white with dark dots on throat, dark brown on chest, dark brown and whitish with dark dots on belly, and brown and yellowish on limbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F072AFB26F8D9" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F072AFE6AF8BD" bold="true" box="[199,506,1823,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1C09072AFE37F8BD" box="[321,423,1823,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum almost uniformly beige with some light yellow patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E1996072AFAA1F8BD" box="[1246,1329,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,303,1141]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,303,1141]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Specimens of Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov. in life: (a) male holotype, ZSM 3250 / 2012; (b) male observed calling, ZSM 3273 / 2012; (c) male paratype, UADBA-A 60236; (d) paratype specimen, ZSM 2070 / 2007." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288200/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Finger and toe discs light orange. Ventrally almost uniformly whitish with a pinkish shade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E19000776FB0AF8D9" box="[1096,1178,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1826,1848]" captionTargetBox="[460,1128,265,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[458,1128,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ventral sides of the holotypes of the three newly described Cophyla species from Montagne d’Ambre and Joffreville, photographed from living specimens. Inset photos show the same specimens in dorsolateral view. (a) C. maharipeo sp. nov., male holotype ZSM 3251 / 2012, Joffreville; (b) C. noromalalae sp. nov., male holotype ZSM 3250 / 2012, park entrance, male; (c) C. puellarum sp. nov., male holotype ZSM 3249 / 2012, Point de Vue du Grand Moulin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288198/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFB0B6E1D8F0750FB54F862" blockId="16.[151,1437,252,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFB0B6E1D8F0750FEABF8FB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1893,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1C320752FE75F8FA" box="[378,485,1895,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are of larger body size than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E1E100750FC2AF8FB" box="[856,954,1893,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="BD0D0310FFFB0B6E1E820750FBB2F8FB" box="[970,1058,1893,1918]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[125,202,504,524]" captionTargetBox="[138,1907,619,1588]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of Cophyla form Joffreville and Montagne d’Ambre and of three specimens of C. phyllodactyla from Nosy Be, one specimens from Manongarivo and one specimen of C. occultans from Nosy Be, all from the north of Madagascar. For abbreviations of measured variables, see Materials and Methods. Further abbreviations used: RHL, relative hindlimb length; (1) reaches between forelimb and tympanum, (2) reaches tympanum. MANP, Montagne d'Ambre National Park." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A4F06623FFE60B731D3501CDFA46FDC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="A4F06623FFE60B731D3501CDFA46FDC5">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In all
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFB0B6E19350752FB7BF8FA" box="[1149,1259,1895,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, the third toe is slightly shorter than the fifth toe. Sexual dimorphism uncertain due to lack of data on females. Coloration varies among specimens. Dorsum can be beige with yellowish patch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E1E13079EFC3CF841" box="[859,940,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,303,1141]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,303,1141]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Specimens of Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov. in life: (a) male holotype, ZSM 3250 / 2012; (b) male observed calling, ZSM 3273 / 2012; (c) male paratype, UADBA-A 60236; (d) paratype specimen, ZSM 2070 / 2007." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288200/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b), or almost uniformly greyish with some yellow patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E1C0507FBFE30F862" box="[333,416,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,303,1141]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,303,1141]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Specimens of Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov. in life: (a) male holotype, ZSM 3250 / 2012; (b) male observed calling, ZSM 3273 / 2012; (c) male paratype, UADBA-A 60236; (d) paratype specimen, ZSM 2070 / 2007." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288200/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
c), or dark grey with pinkish and whitish patches on the flank (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFB0B6E191507FBFB38F862" box="[1117,1192,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,303,1141]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,303,1141]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Specimens of Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov. in life: (a) male holotype, ZSM 3250 / 2012; (b) male observed calling, ZSM 3273 / 2012; (c) male paratype, UADBA-A 60236; (d) paratype specimen, ZSM 2070 / 2007." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288200/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig.14</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8956520FFFA0B6F1D8F00A2FB20FD9D" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFA0B6F1D8F00A2FB9CFF50" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFA0B6F1D8F00A2FEDEFF35" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is dedicated to Noromalala R. Raminosoa, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8898763BFFFA0B6F196B00A2FB00FF35" box="[1059,1168,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
supervisor of the first author, to whom we are immensely grateful for her support over the past years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFA0B6F1D8F00EAFB16FEC5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFA0B6F1D8F00EAFE1AFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,394,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFA0B6F1C8500EAFDBFFF7D" box="[461,559,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found during the day in a bamboo patch near the entrance office of Montagne d’Ambre National Park. The calling male (
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFA0B6F1FBC0131FCC6FE99" box="[756,854,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
3273/2012) was found on a bamboo stand at night. No further information is available on the natural history and reproduction of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F03036ABFFFA0B6F1D8F0179FB20FD9D" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFA0B6F1D8F0179FE22FEE0" bold="true" box="[199,434,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded from
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F348809FFFA0B6F1F3D0178FD45FEE0" box="[629,725,333,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSM 3273/2012 (FGZC 4902), around the park entrance of MANP, on
|
||
<date id="8431106BFFFA0B6F1C5F0145FE60FE0D" box="[279,496,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" value="2012-12-10">10 December 2012</date>
|
||
, at an air temperature of ca. 20˚C (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B42A2EFFFA0B6F1E32015AFC5EFE0D" box="[890,974,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,193,999]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[248,1339,193,999]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Audiospectrogram and oscillogram of three advertisement calls (part of a longer call series) of Cophyla noromalalae sp. nov. from paratype ZSM 3273 / 2012, recorded around the entrance of Montagne d'Ambre National Park on 10 December 2012, ca. 20 ˚ C, number of recording DR 90. The sounds above 2500 Hz represent other frogs or insects." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288201/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). The following call description refers to the calls of this single specimen.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8898763BFFFA0B6F1F4001A1FDB7FE29" box="[520,551,404,428]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
with all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="378F4D28FFFA0B6F1F8101A1FCB8FE29" box="[713,808,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2FBEAB9FFFA0B6F1F8101A1FCB8FE29" box="[713,808,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Cophyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most cophylines, single tonal calls were repeated in long series (continued at least for several minutes but probably much longer in undisturbed specimens). Dominant frequency ranged from 2300–2500 Hz (N= 64). Temporal call parameters were as follows: call duration 662–821 ms (716±38 ms; N= 64); duration of inter-call intervals 874–1882 ms (1217±239 ms; N= 63).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |