156 lines
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156 lines
16 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dcaff623-aab6-4ab4-bb25-5e494185030d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223237" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8DAF8AC953485F52AB974AD46D3F5DB1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2901066" ID-ZooBank="E51FFDAE5B9B433ABE813EED75F0D070" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44E36783-2435-4A19-AFFB-993AB98312D2" ModsDocID="2305-2562-60-1-67" checkinTime="1621371389653" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2019" docId="271B428CD8C5C7281367F39C8509DDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 60(1): 67-82" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 60 (1)" docPubDate="2019-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075" docTitle="Empodiodes torridus Londt 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="44E36783-2435-4A19-AFFB-993AB98312D2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="8DAF8AC953485F52AB974AD46D3F5DB1" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="8DAF8AC953485F52AB974AD46D3F5DB1" masterDocTitle="A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae)" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1632016047594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Empodiodes Oldroyd, 1972 with the descriptions of two new species from South Africa (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>KwaZulu-Natal Museum, P. Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa & School of Biological & Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">londtja@telkomsa.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-1-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E51FFDAE5B9B433ABE813EED75F0D070</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8DAF8AC953485F52AB974AD46D3F5DB1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2901066</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223237" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44E36783-2435-4A19-AFFB-993AB98312D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/271B428CD8C5C7281367F39C8509DDC7" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/44E36783-2435-4A19-AFFB-993AB98312D2" authority="Londt, 2019" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Empodiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empodiodes torridus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torridus" status="sp. nov.">Empodiodes torridus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4, 5" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4, 5. Empodiodes wings: 4 E. pusillipes sp. nov. 5 E. torridus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figures4-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300271" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Empodiodes ♂ terminalia: 6 - 8 E. pusillipes sp. nov. 6 lateral 7 dorsal 8 ventral, 9 - 11 E. torridus sp. nov. 9 lateral 10 dorsal 11 ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300272" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 9-11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 14. Empodiodes torridus sp. nov. entire holotype ♂ (Photo Muller)." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300275" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 15. A typical Karoo landscape at Doornfontein Nature Reserve (photographed 21 March 2006), representative of the environment in which Empodiodes torridus sp. nov. has been collected." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300276" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 16. The distribution of Empodiodes species: E. greatheadi Oldroyd, 1972 (●), E. melanoscopaeus Londt, 1992 (○), E. namibiensis Londt, 2012 (■), E. pusillipes sp. nov. (□), E. torridus sp. nov. (▲), E. whittingtoni Londt, 1992 (♦) (Map Zamisa)." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300277" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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L.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Empodiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empodiodes torridus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torridus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Empodiodes torridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- dry, parched, hot, scorched - a name referring to the fairly dry and semi-arid environment supporting the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Based on holotype. Entire holotype (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 14. Empodiodes torridus sp. nov. entire holotype ♂ (Photo Muller)." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300275" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">14</figureCitation>
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) photographed before the removal of its right wing and terminalia. The specimen is attached to a card preventing examination of parts of its left side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Head</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown to black, colour masked by strong gold-silver pruinescence, yellow and white setose. Antenna dark red-brown to black, scape and pedicel white setose, postpedicel laterally compressed and markedly curved outwards. Relative lengths of segments (scape as 1) Scape 1, pedicel 0.5, postpedicel 3.2, style 0.4 (including terminal seta-like sensory element). Face black, slightly protuberant, strongly gold-silver pruinose. Mystax white, covering almost entire face. Frons and vertex smoothly rounded (not indented between eye margins) silver-gold pruinose, pale yellow and white setose. Ocellar tubercle only weakly protuberant, weakly setose and lacking strong ocellar macrosetae. Occiput silver and gold pruinose, yellow (dorsally) and white (ventrally and along eye margins) setose. Palps small, 2-segmented, orange, pale yellow setose. Proboscis brown, straight, weakly white setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown and orange, entirely silver and silver-gold pruinose, yellow and white setose. Cervical sclerite white setose. Anterior antepronotum with a row of pale yellow marcosetae. Mesonotum patterned with silver and gold longitudinal pruinose stripes, predominantly yellow setose, but some white setae present. Lateral macrosetae yellow (2 notopleurals, 1-2 supra-alars, 2 postalars). Scutellum dark red-brown, with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">c.</emphasis>
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12 white apical macrosetae, disc fine silver pruinose, asetose. Pleura silver and gold pruinose, fine white setose. Anepimeron with 2 weak white anterodorsal macrosetae. Katatergal setae moderately well developed, pale yellow macrosetose. Anatergites silver pruinose, asetose. Postmetacoxal area probably membranous (hidden from view).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Legs</emphasis>
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: Mainly light brown to yellow, but dorsal parts of femora and entire tarsi dark red-brown. Coxae silver pruinose, white setose. Trochanters white setose, femora, tibiae and tarsi white setose. Claws and pulvilli well developed. Empodia yellow, bristle-like except for metathoracic legs where empodia are moderately well developed, brown and laterally compressed.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Wings</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4, 5" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4, 5. Empodiodes wings: 4 E. pusillipes sp. nov. 5 E. torridus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figures4-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300271" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5</figureCitation>
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): Length (humeral crossvein to tip) x breadth (maximum): Holotype ♂ 3.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.4 mm. Veins dark red-brown to black, membrane transparent, entirely microtrichose, cells m3 and cua closed and stalked.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown and orange, entirely fine silver and silver-gold pruinose, pale yellow and white setose. Terga> twice as wide as long. Terga and sterna dark red-brown with broad orange distal margins, fine white setose, T1 with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">c.</emphasis>
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5 white discal macrosetae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Male terminalia</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Empodiodes ♂ terminalia: 6 - 8 E. pusillipes sp. nov. 6 lateral 7 dorsal 8 ventral, 9 - 11 E. torridus sp. nov. 9 lateral 10 dorsal 11 ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300272" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">9-11</figureCitation>
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): Unrotated. Epandrium subrectangular in dorsal view, twice as broad as long, with posterior margin slightly indented medially. Proctiger of similar length to epandrium in lateral view. Hypandrium subrectangular, twice as broad as long with an almost straight posterior margin. Gonocoxites relatively large, with complex structure involving twisted ventro-distal projections. Gonostyli well developed, jutting out beyond level attained by gonocoxal projections. Distal region of aedeagus conical with terminal opening.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="2901108" doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300273" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 12" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Empodiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empodiodes pusillipes" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Empodiodes pusillipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. habitats at Vrolijkheid Nature Reserve (photographed 11 October 2013).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Female</emphasis>
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: Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Holotype.</emphasis>
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South Africa (Northern Cape Province): 1♂ holotype 'S. Africa, C.P. / Van
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wyk’s">Wyk's</normalizedToken>
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Fontein / Colesberg / 3038S, 2523
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E’">E'</normalizedToken>
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, '22 Sept. 1983 / Entomology
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dept’">Dept'</normalizedToken>
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, BMSA(D) 01390.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution, phenology and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Known only from the single specimen listed above, collected in September (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Phenology of Empodiodes species indicating the number of specimens collected per month (abbreviated and starting with July)." pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1</tableCitation>
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) in a far eastern corner of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 16. The distribution of Empodiodes species: E. greatheadi Oldroyd, 1972 (●), E. melanoscopaeus Londt, 1992 (○), E. namibiensis Londt, 2012 (■), E. pusillipes sp. nov. (□), E. torridus sp. nov. (▲), E. whittingtoni Londt, 1992 (♦) (Map Zamisa)." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300277" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">16</figureCitation>
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). The locality is situated in the fairly arid Nama-Karoo biome (
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Wyk, AE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B11" refString="Van Wyk, AE, Smith, GF, 2001. Regions of Floristic Endemism in Southern Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa." title="Regions of Floristic Endemism in Southern Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa." year="2001">Van Wyk and Smith 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) which lies in a summer rainfall region. While the type locality has not been photographed, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 15. A typical Karoo landscape at Doornfontein Nature Reserve (photographed 21 March 2006), representative of the environment in which Empodiodes torridus sp. nov. has been collected." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300276" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">15</figureCitation>
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illustrates the kind of environment in which this species was probably collected. Nothing is known of the biology.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="2901118" doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.33075.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300274" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 13" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Empodiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empodiodes pusillipes" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Empodiodes pusillipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. habitats at 2 km S of Papendorp (photographed 10 September 2012), where the species was collected.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |