449 lines
52 KiB
XML
449 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B034392A39ABBCEC129198386EEBB788">Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8B6589FDDBEB582E7AEC9AC04098A35">Carballo, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BADA2D40EA8EBE2079023F3A30ED471">Cruz-Barraza, José Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AEC48F4D43BF8BFC9F35A8F1A44707A">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6F80EC4D8F8D425B4BA5792812F464C1">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B4C475CB0E2E7C7912F4AA8360A8D84">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="FC6CB0474CB625D2193B46BA4B45B227" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00126.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="89C38C3B1E4CDEE6C3B784A65C4EF6AA" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF878EFF8B74725BE1FA7527903F0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF878EFF8B74725BE1FA7527903F0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF878EFF8B74725BE1FA7527903F0F" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6513FF8B747E5BE1FA75241B3D24" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E5BE1FA7524AD3ECA" blockId="36.[249,651,1496,1520]" box="[249,651,1496,1520]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<heading id="D08181F4FF8B747E5BE1FA7524AD3ECA" box="[249,651,1496,1520]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8B747E5BE1FA7524AD3ECA" ID-CoL="84TR3" authority="MARSHALL, 1892" authorityName="MARSHALL" authorityYear="1892" box="[249,651,1496,1520]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5BE1FA7527993ED5" box="[249,447,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">SPHECIOSPONGIA</emphasis>
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MARSHALL, 1892
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E5B96F9A7241B3D24" blockId="36.[142,573,1545,1567]" box="[142,573,1545,1567]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5B96F9A727803D24" box="[142,422,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Synonymy: Heterocliona</emphasis>
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Verrill, 1907
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6513FF8B74725B96F99527903F0F" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E5B96F99524FC3D76" blockId="36.[142,730,1591,1613]" box="[142,730,1591,1613]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5B96F99527393D77" box="[142,287,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Type species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8B747E5A34F99A24FC3D76" authority="Lamarck, 1814" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1814" box="[300,730,1591,1613]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesparium">
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5A34F99A24033D77" box="[300,549,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Alcyonium vesparium</emphasis>
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Lamarck, 1814
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E5B96F9CB229F39E1" blockId="36.[142,758,1637,1905]" lastBlockId="36.[806,1422,648,731]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5B96F9CB27233D41" box="[142,261,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Large-growing sponges with cribiporal chones (pore sieves) and simple, multiple or septate oscula. In the ectosome, there are numerous robust tylostyles forming a dense tangential network, and rare, minute spirasters and spiraster-derived amphiasters; the latter are also located in the canal linings. In the choanosome, tylostyles occur densely scattered and in strands. Tylostyles may be modified to styles, tylostrongyles and strongyles. The sponges excavated limestone in the early growth stage, forming large, tissue-filled cavities, not a series of distinct chambers as do other clionaids (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF8B747E5F1AFD68228B39E1" author="Rutzler K" box="[1026,1197,709,731]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" pagination="1" refId="ref25389" refString="Rutzler K. 2002 a. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1951. In: Hooper NA, Soest RWM Van, eds. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges 1. New York: Kluwer Academic." type="book chapter" year="2002">Rützler, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E586DFC8823193807" blockId="36.[885,1343,805,861]" box="[885,1343,805,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8B747E586DFC8822F43806" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[885,1234,805,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ruetzleri" status="sp. nov.">SPHECIOSPONGIA RUETZLERI</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5FC2FC8423193807" bold="true" box="[1242,1343,805,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF8B747E5FC2FC8423193807" box="[1242,1343,805,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E5F3FFCE822AB3867" blockId="36.[885,1343,805,861]" box="[1063,1165,837,861]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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||
(
|
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<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF8B747E5F28FCE822A33867" box="[1072,1157,837,861]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1884,1903]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,197,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-48@37.[168,1420,196,1851]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 24. Spheciospongia ruetzleri sp. nov.: A, heads and tips of the tylostyles; B, tylostyles; C, spirasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430982/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">FIG. 24</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E583EFCDB258438F3" blockId="36.[806,1423,886,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CC5FF8B747E583EFCDB258438F3" collectingDate="1999-11-22" elevation="5" location="San Blas" municipality="Pena de La Virgen" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E583EFCDB25B638B1" box="[806,912,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8B747E583EFCDB25AD38B1" box="[806,907,886,907]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
MNCN-1.01/241,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BADACE2FF8B747E5F72FCDB236B38B6" box="[1130,1357,886,908]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Peña de La Virgen</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EA96043FF8B747E5E79FCDB257C3891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF878EFF8B74725BE1FA7527903F0F:8EA96043FF8B747E5E79FCDB257C3891" municipality="Pena de La Virgen" name="San Blas" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="Nayarit">San Blas</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF8B747E587DFC3825E63891" box="[869,960,917,939]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="005BD1ABFF8B747E58CCFC3922783891" box="[980,1118,916,939]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="4.5">
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<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E58CCFC3922353890" box="[980,1043,916,938]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, on rocks in sand bottoms.
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||
<date id="FFC81058FF8B747E583EFC1E25B838F3" box="[806,926,947,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" value="1999-11-22">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF8CE9B0FF8B747E583EFC1E25B838F3" box="[806,926,947,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" value="1999-11-22">22.xi.1999</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E583EFC4F224C3F48" blockId="36.[806,1422,993,1138]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E583EFC4F25B738CD" box="[806,913,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
|
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<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8B747E583EFC4F25AD38CD" box="[806,907,994,1015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
LEB-ICML-UNAM-69, Peña de La Virgen (San Blas,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF8B747E58B5FBAD222E3F2C" box="[941,1032,1024,1046]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
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),
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5F39FBAD22463F2F" box="[1057,1120,1024,1046]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
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||
depth, on rocks in sand bottoms,
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<date id="FFC81058FF8B747E58B8FBB222313F0F" box="[928,1047,1055,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" value="1999-11-22">22.xi.1999</date>
|
||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8B747E5F2CFBB223AB3F0E" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[1076,1421,1055,1076]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5F2CFBB223AB3F0E" box="[1076,1421,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Spheciospongia confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8B747E583EFB9025A13F69" box="[806,903,1085,1107]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
USNM-21487,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8B747E5F59FB9023AB3F68" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[1089,1421,1085,1106]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E5F59FB9023AB3F68" box="[1089,1421,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Spheciospongia confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8B747E583EFBF125AA3F4B" box="[806,908,1116,1137]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
BMNH-28.8.22.50.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747E583EFB2625CA3D77" blockId="36.[806,1423,1162,1613]" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E583EFB2625883F9A" box="[806,942,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Very large, massive sponge up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5E40FB2723A83FA5" box="[1368,1422,1162,1183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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||
thick, covering a maximum surface area of 50 ¥
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||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5E5CFB0423AC3F84" box="[1348,1418,1193,1214]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The oscula are scarce but large, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5FC0FB6A23013FE7" box="[1240,1319,1223,1245]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and they are characteristically situated in elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5877FAA825F33E20" box="[879,981,1285,1307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 cm</quantity>
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||
high) that seem like small volcanoes. They are often septate, and up to 12 exhalant canals are confluent in each. The inhalant pore sieve area is formed by 9–16 small circular not contractile pores from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5879FAD225F43EAF" box="[865,978,1407,1429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. These areas are scattered, and extend over a surface from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5F8EFA3323303E89" box="[1174,1302,1438,1460]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5 to 6 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C039BD0FF8B747E5E0EFA3723383E92" attach="left" box="[1302,1310,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">2</superScript>
|
||
. The choanosome is cavernous, with canals of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5FE8FA10234D3EE8" box="[1264,1387,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF8B747E5F14FA7622643ECB" box="[1036,1090,1499,1521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length. The consistency is very firm. The surface is smooth. The ectosome is purplish in life, and the choanosome is ochraceous. Dark brown in alcohol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8B747C583EF9C824CA3BC3" blockId="36.[806,1422,1637,1905]" lastBlockId="38.[142,758,196,249]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8B747E583EF9C822203D40" box="[806,1030,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Skeletal characters:</emphasis>
|
||
The tylostyles are thick, mostly gently curved, sometimes double curved, with a well differentiated head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF8B747E5F3BF90E22883D82" box="[1059,1198,1699,1721]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1884,1903]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,197,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-48@37.[168,1420,196,1851]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 24. Spheciospongia ruetzleri sp. nov.: A, heads and tips of the tylostyles; B, tylostyles; C, spirasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430982/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="389">Fig. 24A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tylostyles mean measurements (length ¥ width shaft; head width): 105-(283)-437.5 ¥ 2.5-(12.9)-17.5 Mm; 5-(13.7)-18.8 Mm. Despite the ample range in the length of the tylostyles the frequency histogram showed only one size class. The spirasters are short and thick from 10 to 20 Mm in length (average 13 Mm), with few waves, some almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF89747C5BE0FF69277C3BE0" box="[248,346,196,218]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="37.[155,233,1884,1903]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,197,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-48@37.[168,1420,196,1851]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 24. Spheciospongia ruetzleri sp. nov.: A, heads and tips of the tylostyles; B, tylostyles; C, spirasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430982/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are very scarce, and it is necessary to use a huge amount of sponge to find them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096610FF8A747F5B83F8F1231D3C55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5430982" box="[155,1339,1883,1903]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430982/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="390" startId="37.[155,233,1884,1903]" targetBox="[168,1420,197,1851]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF8A747F5B83F8F1231D3C55" blockId="37.[155,1339,1883,1903]" box="[155,1339,1883,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8A747F5B83F8F124B93C55" bold="true" box="[155,671,1883,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Figure 24.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8A747F5A03F8F624193C54" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[283,575,1883,1902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="37" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ruetzleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8A747F5A03F8F624193C54" bold="true" box="[283,575,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="390">Spheciospongia ruetzleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF8A747F5950F8F124B93C55" box="[584,671,1884,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A, heads and tips of the tylostyles; B, tylostyles; C, spirasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5B96FEBC27083A5E" blockId="38.[142,758,273,356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5B96FEBC272A3A1C" box="[142,268,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after Dr Klaus Rützler for his contribution to the study of the clionaid sponge fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5B96FED124D43AA8" blockId="38.[142,754,380,402]" box="[142,754,380,402]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5B96FED127063AAB" box="[142,288,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Peña de La Virgen (San Blas,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5991FED124C03AA8" box="[649,742,380,402]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5B96FE07275B3AFA" blockId="38.[142,381,426,448]" box="[142,381,426,448]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5B96FE0726DF3A85" box="[142,249,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
See below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5BCCFDAF24963920" blockId="38.[212,688,514,570]" box="[212,688,514,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C5BCCFDAF24653922" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[212,579,514,538]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans" status="sp. nov.">SPHECIOSPONGIA INCRUSTANS</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5953FDA824963920" bold="true" box="[587,688,514,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF89747C5953FDA824963920" box="[587,688,514,538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5A97FD8F27D33900" blockId="38.[212,688,514,570]" box="[399,501,546,570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF89747C5A8FFD8F27CB3900" box="[407,493,546,570]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[155,233,1880,1899]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-46@39.[194,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov.: A, heads of the tylostyles; B, spirasters and amphiasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430984/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">FIG. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5B96FDFE2774399F" blockId="38.[142,758,594,678]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CC5FF89747C5B96FDFE2774399F" collectingDate="2002-10-08" elevation="4" latitude="105.23333" location="Puerto Vallarta" municipality="Conchas Chinas" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jalisco" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5B96FDFE26DE3952" box="[142,248,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF89747C5B96FDFE26D53952" box="[142,243,595,616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MNCN-1.01/305,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BADACE2FF89747C5ACBFDFE24B43953" box="[467,658,595,617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Conchas Chinas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EA96043FF89747C59B0FDFE26CB39BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF878EFF8B74725BE1FA7527903F0F:8EA96043FF89747C59B0FDFE26CB39BD" latitude="105.23333" municipality="Conchas Chinas" name="Puerto Vallarta" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" stateProvince="Jalisco">Puerto Vallarta</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5A1EFDDC277039BD" box="[262,342,625,647]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20 35¢16¢¢
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42505FFF89747C5AE9FDDF244A39BC" box="[497,620,625,647]" degrees="105" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" precision="925" value="105.23333">N-105 14</geoCoordinate>
|
||
¢42¢¢W,
|
||
<elevation id="005BD1ABFF89747C59D3FDDC26F7399C" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="4.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C59D3FDDC24D039BD" box="[715,758,625,647]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5BC6FD3D2769399F" box="[222,335,656,677]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8CE9B0FF89747C5BC6FD3D2769399F" box="[222,335,656,677]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-08">08.x.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C5B96FD1223083A2C" blockId="38.[142,758,702,1368]" lastBlockId="38.[806,1422,196,279]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5B96FD1226DF39EE" box="[142,249,703,724]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF89747C5B96FD1226D539EE" box="[142,243,703,724]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH-2003.6.27.3, Conchas Chinas (Puerto Vallarta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5A78FD70279639C9" box="[352,432,733,755]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞35¢16¢¢
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42505FFF89747C5920FD70248D39C8" box="[568,683,732,754]" degrees="105" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" precision="925" value="105.23333">N-105 14</geoCoordinate>
|
||
¢42¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5B96FD56269F382B" box="[142,185,763,785]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5A39FD5627B6382A" box="[289,400,763,784]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-08">08.x.2002</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C5ABDFD5624D3382A" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[421,757,763,784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5ABDFD5624D3382A" box="[421,757,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Spheciospongia confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF89747C5B96FCB726C9380A" box="[142,239,794,816]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
USNM-21487,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C5AB1FCB724D33815" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[425,757,794,815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5AB1FCB724D33815" box="[425,757,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Spheciospongia confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF89747C5B96FC9426D23874" box="[142,244,825,846]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
BMNH-28.8.22.50. LEB-ICML-UNAM-360, Los Arcos (Puerto Vallarta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5AEFFCFA24613857" box="[503,583,855,877]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞32¢73¢¢N- 105∞18¢47¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5A23FCDB274038B1" box="[315,358,886,907]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5AFCFCDB246838B6" box="[484,590,886,908]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2001-01-23">23.i.2001</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML- UNAM-475, Antiguo Corral del Risco (Punta de Mita,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5BCDFC1E271638F3" box="[213,304,947,969]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞46¢20¢¢N-105∞32¢49¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5961FC1E248538F3" box="[633,675,947,969]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5B96FC7F272538D2" box="[142,259,978,1000]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-04-06">06.iv.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML-UNAM-499, Los Arcos (Puerto Vallarta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5A08FC5C27463F3D" box="[272,352,1009,1031]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞32¢73¢¢N-105∞18¢47¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C59D3FC5C24D03F3C" box="[715,758,1009,1030]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5BFBFBA2277E3F1F" box="[227,344,1039,1061]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-04-08">08.iv.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML-UNAM-514, Playa los Muertos (Sayulita,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5A6FFB8327F43F7E" box="[375,466,1070,1092]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞52¢29 N-105∞26¢72¢¢,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5B96FBE0269F3F58" box="[142,185,1101,1122]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5A38FBE027B33F59" box="[288,405,1101,1123]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-04-09">09.iv.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML-UNAM-574, Isla Redonda (Islas Marietas,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5AFEFBC624673FBB" box="[486,577,1131,1153]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞42¢04¢¢N- 105∞33¢89¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5A26FB27274F3FA5" box="[318,361,1162,1183]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5AF9FB2724773FA5" box="[481,593,1162,1183]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-04">04.x.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML- UNAM-602, Isla Redonda (Islas Marietas,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5996FB0424CC3F85" box="[654,746,1193,1215]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞42¢04¢¢N-105∞33¢89¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5AD7FB6A242E3FE7" box="[463,520,1223,1245]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5999FB6A24D43FE6" box="[641,754,1223,1244]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-04">04.x.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML-UNAM-614, Isla Redonda (Islas Marietas,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5B96FAA826CF3E21" box="[142,233,1285,1307]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞42¢04¢¢N-105∞33¢89¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5979FAA824AA3E20" box="[609,652,1285,1306]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, 04c.2002, in cave. LEB-ICML-UNAM-622, Conchas Chinas (Puerto Vallarta,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5AD1FAEF243F3E62" box="[457,537,1346,1368]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20 35¢16¢¢
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE42505FFF89747C59B3FAEF25673BE3" box="[683,833,196,1368]" degrees="105" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" precision="925" value="105.23333">N-105 14</geoCoordinate>
|
||
¢42¢¢W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5881FF6925E23BE3" box="[921,964,196,217]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5F31FF6922BF3BE3" box="[1065,1177,196,217]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-08">08.x.2002</date>
|
||
. LEB-ICML-UNAM- 639, Playa los Muertos (Sayulita,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5E3EFF4E23A43BC3" box="[1318,1410,227,249]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
), 20∞52¢29 N-105∞26¢72¢¢,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5F2EFEAC22473A2D" box="[1078,1121,257,279]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC81058FF89747C5FA1FEAC230F3A2C" box="[1209,1321,257,278]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" value="2002-10-09">09.x.2002</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C583EFE9D258C3901" blockId="38.[806,1422,303,571]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFE9D25883A7F" box="[806,942,304,325]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Encrusting sponge from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5FE0FE8223A83A7F" box="[1272,1422,303,325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.0">1 to 4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick, with an endolithic portion that inhabits large hollows and cavities of dead coral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF89747C5FD1FEC0236D3AB8" box="[1225,1355,365,387]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[142,220,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[153,1410,444,1734]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. External morphology of A, Cliona amplicavata. The arrow shows an oscule. B, Pione mazatlanensis boring into different calcareous material. C, Cliona vermifera boring into the coral Pavona gigantea. The papillae are only visible in the base of the coral. D, Excavating pattern of the papillae can be observed after breaking a fragment of the coral. E, Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov. at 5 m depth; the arrow shows an oscule. F, Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov.; the arrows show the pore sieves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430958/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Fig. 12E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is also able to spread over the substratum reaching a coverage up to 20 ¥
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5F93FE0722F43A85" box="[1163,1234,426,447]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The pore sieves (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C5836FE6425AC3AE4" box="[814,906,457,478]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) are clustered in small areas of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B7DFF89747C583EFE4A25563AC7" box="[806,880,487,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" unit="cm" value="3.2">3.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C039BD0FF89747C5868FE4E255E3ACB" attach="left" box="[880,888,483,497]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">2</superScript>
|
||
(from three to nine pores). They are present even in the smallest specimens. Colour is purplish when alive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C583EFDFE23A838CD" blockId="38.[806,1422,595,1015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFDFE22203952" box="[806,1030,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Skeletal characters:</emphasis>
|
||
The megascleres are robust, curved tylostyles, with small heads, most frequently ovoid, and in some cases almost undifferentiated from the shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF89747C588FFD0225C139FE" box="[919,999,686,709]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[155,233,1880,1899]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-46@39.[194,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov.: A, heads of the tylostyles; B, spirasters and amphiasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430984/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). They measure 286 ¥ 7.9 Mm on average (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40323FF89747C5879FD6025E339D9" box="[865,965,717,739]" captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="38.[142,206,1421,1440]" captionText="Table 12. Comparative data for the dimensions of the spicules (in Mm) of Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov. specimens. Values in parentheses are means" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
). The heads are typically mucronated (average 9.4 Mm). The shaft is bent in the middle; ensiform tylostyles with a short and sharp tip frequently appear. The microscleres are of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD11FF89747C5F96FC8722D83805" box="[1166,1278,810,831]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: slender spirasters (13.8 Mm average length), with many spines uniformly distributed along the shaft, with 2–5 turns; and straight short, stout amphiasters with long, irregular, smooth rays which have pointed, often bifid tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A1DFF89747C5836FC6E25B638E3" box="[814,912,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[155,233,1880,1899]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-46@39.[194,1393,197,1847]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Spheciospongia incrustans sp. nov.: A, heads of the tylostyles; B, spirasters and amphiasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5430984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5430984/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tylostyles run in strands that branch toward the surface, where the spicules protrude in tufts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C583EFBA2259A3F7E" blockId="38.[806,1421,1039,1092]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFBA225823F1E" box="[806,932,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name refers to its typical growth form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF89747C583EFBF122503FAA" blockId="38.[806,1421,1116,1169]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFBF1259E3F4B" box="[806,952,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Bahía de Banderas (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5FDBFBF123353F48" box="[1219,1299,1116,1138]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Sayulita (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F87AFF89747C5836FBD625AC3FAB" box="[814,906,1147,1169]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
). east Pacific Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC93698FF897472583EFB0427903F0F" blockId="38.[806,1422,1193,1368]" lastBlockId="40.[142,759,196,1077]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFB0425B73F84" box="[806,913,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The closest related species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C5FF4FB0423413F84" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[1260,1383,1193,1214]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rueztleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5FF4FB0423413F84" box="[1260,1383,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">S. rueztleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF89747C5E76FB0425743FE7" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C58E2FB6523323FE7" authority="(Lamarck)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" box="[1018,1300,1223,1245]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesparium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C58E2FB6522AB3FE7" box="[1018,1165,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">S. vesparium</emphasis>
|
||
(Lamarck)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C583EFB4B25873FC1" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[806,929,1254,1275]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rueztleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C583EFB4B25873FC1" box="[806,929,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">S. rueztleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF89747C58B2FB4B25D93FC1" box="[938,1023,1254,1275]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has shorter and thicker tylostyles (283 ¥ 13 Mm average) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF89747C5F89FAA823143E20" box="[1169,1330,1285,1306]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesparium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5F89FAA823143E20" box="[1169,1330,1285,1306]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">S. vesparium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(368 ¥ 9.2 Mm average) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF89747C58F4FA8E22EC3E03" author="Vicente VP & Rutzler K & Carballeira NM" box="[1004,1226,1315,1337]" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" pagination="211 - 226" refId="ref26071" refString="Vicente VP, Rutzler K, Carballeira NM. 1991. Comparative morphology, ecology and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongiae). Marine Ecology 12 (3): 211 - 226." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF89747C5F52FA8922AF3E02" box="[1098,1161,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="391">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in addition, the types and the morphology of the spirasters are quite different between the two species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725906FF6924BF3BE3" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[542,665,196,217]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rueztleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725906FF6924BF3BE3" box="[542,665,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. rueztleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF87747259BAFF6924D13BE3" box="[674,759,196,217]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
only presents short and thick spirasters that are almost straight or with very few waves, and the main spirasters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725A37FE8D27E43A0C" box="[303,450,288,310]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesparium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725A37FE8D27E43A0C" box="[303,450,288,310]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. vesparium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slender with several turns (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF8774725A1DFE9227F83A6F" author="Vicente VP & Rutzler K & Carballeira NM" box="[261,478,319,341]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" pagination="211 - 226" refId="ref26071" refString="Vicente VP, Rutzler K, Carballeira NM. 1991. Comparative morphology, ecology and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongiae). Marine Ecology 12 (3): 211 - 226." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725A78FE9227B93A6E" box="[352,415,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another closely related species seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725A9BFEF0277A3AA8" authority="de Laubenfels (1932)" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725A9BFEF024E93A48" box="[387,719,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">Spheciospongia confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF87747259C3FEF0277A3AA8" author="de Laubenfels MW" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref24974" refString="de Laubenfels MW. 1932. The marine and freshwater sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 81 (4): 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is similar in form, and in the morphology and size of the tylostyles, which measure: length from 222.5 to 320 Mm (282.5 Mm average), width from 3.8 to 12.5 Mm (8.9 Mm average); head from 5 to 10 Mm (12.5 Mm average). However, the presence of spirasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725A5BFDBB27993910" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[323,447,533,555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ruetzleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725A5BFDBB27993910" box="[323,447,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. ruetzleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF877472595AFDBB24C83910" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[578,750,533,555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confoederata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF877472595AFDBB24C83910" box="[578,750,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. confoederata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clearly separates both species. We first thought that due to their scarcity in the sponge flesh, and their small size, they could be overlooked by de Laubenfels. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8774725A2CFD3D27B3399C" box="[308,405,656,678]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD883AFF8774725AC1FD3D2419399F" box="[473,575,656,677]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species were examined in detail and we didn’t find spirasters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725B96FD6027E439D9" authority="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[142,450,717,739]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725B96FD6027E439D9" box="[142,450,717,739]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">Spheciospongia incrustans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157F1FF8774725AD7FD63240139D9" box="[463,551,718,739]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725B96FD41272F383B" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[142,265,748,769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rueztleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725B96FD41272F383B" box="[142,265,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. rueztleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form, and in the morphology of its spirasters. A species close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725AEAFCA624A0381A" authorityName="Carballo & Cruz-Barraza & Gómez" authorityYear="2004" box="[498,646,779,800]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725AEAFCA624A0381A" box="[498,646,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. incrustans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725B96FC87270F3804" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[142,297,809,831]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cuspidifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725B96FC87270F3804" box="[142,297,809,831]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">S. cuspidifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF877472595EFC8427E23864" authority="Lamarck, 1815" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cuspidiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF877472595EFC8426D93867" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">Alcyonium cuspidiferum</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck, 1815
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which has similar spirasters. However, this species has a very different external morphology, growing in the form of single erect or staghorn-like hollow cylinders without conspicuous aquiferous openings and with a specialized inhalant complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF8774725A77FC4C247E38CD" author="Vicente VP & Rutzler K & Carballeira NM" box="[367,600,993,1015]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" pagination="211 - 226" refId="ref26071" refString="Vicente VP, Rutzler K, Carballeira NM. 1991. Comparative morphology, ecology and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongiae). Marine Ecology 12 (3): 211 - 226." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725ACCFC4F242238CC" box="[468,516,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it was recently accommodated in the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D1BFF8774725969FBAD27943F0F" authority="(Rutzler & Hooper, 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Rutzler & Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cervicornia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA8AFF8774725969FBAD24D33F2F" box="[625,757,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="393">Cervicornia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B69FF8774725B8EFBB2278C3F0F" author="Rutzler K & Hooper JNA" box="[150,426,1055,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="393" pagination="337 - 344" refId="ref25493" refString="Rutzler K, Hooper JNA. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae). Zoosystema 22: 337 - 344." type="journal article" year="2000">Rützler & Hooper, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |